New Data Exposes Countries Fueling Genocide in Gaza

Today, at COP30, Oil Change International released a new report, Behind the Barrel: An Update on the Origins of Israel’s Fuel Supply, detailing the global fuel shipments that fuel Israel’s genocide in Gaza.

The report tracks over 21 million tonnes of crude oil and refined fuels delivered to Israel between November 2023 and October 2025, including jet fuel used for military aircrafts. The data shows that Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and the United States were among the largest suppliers of oil and refined products during this period. While direct shipments from Brazil appeared to end in early 2024, evidence suggests that Brazilian crude may have continued reaching Israel indirectly via Italy’s Sarroch refinery in Sardinia.

Key findings:

• Twenty-five countries delivered 323 shipments of crude oil and refined products to Israel, totaling 21.2 million tonnes.
• Azerbaijan (via Turkey) and Kazakhstan (via Russia) supplied around 70% of crude oil.
• Russia was the largest supplier of refined fuels, accounting for nearly half of total refined products.
• The United States was the only supplier of JP-8 military jet fuel used by Israeli military aircrafts.
• Other crude suppliers included Brazil, Gabon, and Nigeria.
• Refined fuels also came from Greece. Italy, and Cyprus.

Some countries continued to ship fossil fuels to Israel even after the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that Israel’s actions are unlawful, and a UN Commission concluded that Israel has committed genocide in Gaza. By supporting Israeli military operations that have killed more than 67,000 Palestinians, including over 20,000 children, states risk becoming complicit in genocide under international law under the Genocide Convention. As world leaders convene at COP30, Behind the Barrel reveals the deadly links between fossil fuel suppliers and international conflict.

Statements:

Bronwen Tucker, Oil Change International, said:
“Governments permitted fuel supplies to Israeleven after it became clear Israel was committing genocide in Gaza, a finding now backed by a UN commission. States have a moral and legal obligation to end these fuel flows immediately. The same fossil fuel system that drives the climate crisis also drives war, occupation, and genocide. At COP30, where governments are negotiating how to phase out fossil fuels, it’s essential to confront this reality. States must follow the example of people across the world who refuse to be complicit in the genocide in Gaza: from trade unionists blocking shipments to campaigners demanding accountability.”

Mohammed Usrof, Executive Director of the Palestinian Institute for Climate Strategy (PICS):
“Behind the Barrel confirms what Palestinians and climate justice movements have long said: fossil fuel supply chains are weapons of war. Governments and corporations that continue to trade oil, diesel, and jet fuel with Israel – even through intermediaries – are enabling genocide. States must impose a full energy embargo and close the legal loopholes that make complicity profitable. The people must rise up against complicit states and impose a people’s energy embargo. At COP30, we must define climate leadership, and its only definition is shutting down the pipelines of war, not hiding them behind carbon accounting.”

Ana Sánchez, General Coordinator for the Global Energy Embargo for Palestine (GEEP), said:

“The fossil fuel industry lies at the core of today’s global crisis, driving climate collapse, militarisation, and genocide. The same system that burns the planet also fuels Israel’s genocidal machine and upholds its colonial regime of illegal occupation and apartheid. From oil fields to shipping routes, fossil capitalism turns profit into power over life itself. At COP30, we remind the world that energy justice is inseparable from liberation: ending these fuel flows is not just a moral imperative but a necessary act of decolonisation. People everywhere are rising to build a new global order that puts life above the privilege of business as usual.”

Disrupt Power, said:
“Workers, the real agents of change, have the power to enact and enforce a people’s energy embargo from below. If frontline dockworkers taking material actions to end the genocide do not differentiate between weapons and energy destined to the settler-colonial entity, why should we? Today, we must sustain the struggle to ensure our oil serve people, not empire or genocide.”