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The Price of America's Prison Gulags
A three-judge panel has tentatively ruled that "[t]he California prison system must reduce overcrowding by as many as 55,000 inmates within three years to provide a constitutional level of medical and mental health care," according to the New York Times.
Taxpayers rightly resent the price tag of the prison system, and many might understandably think that prisoners should have no right to expensive care at their further expense. But if the prisons cannot afford to care for its prisoners, we obviously have far too many.
Now is a good time to seriously reassess the whole system altogether.
There were virtually no prisons in this country when it was founded. The modern criminal justice system grew out of the institution of slavery (1, 2, 3).
Prisons exploded in their growth in the 20th century. The Progressive Era, whose leaders dreamed of recreating society and redeeming mankind through an active and expansionist state, accelerated the development of today's system. It grew steadily.
Before Reagan's presidency, there were half a million Americans in prison or jail and fewer than one and a half million on parole or probation. Now there are more than two million behind bars and seven million total in the correctional system. In California, prisons grew by 500 percent from 1982 to 2000.
This is madness. And it's expensive.
Some worry about the strain on social infrastructure if prisoners were mass-released, but they could not possibly cost the state more than they do now. They would also at least have the chance to create wealth as workers and consumers in the market, rather than just being a drain in the public sector.
Each prisoner costs taxpayers $35,000 a year. Victims are not made whole, but forced to foot the bill to house their perpetrators.
The state used to have some restitution centers through which white-collar convicts could work and pay back their victims as well as some of their detention costs - but these were closed down last month. State officials said the program was too expensive.
Only government could lose more money making people work than just locking them up, feeding and clothing them.
Most offenders never get the opportunity to pay restitution, but are simply jammed in obscenely overcrowded cages. California's system is designed to hold about 100,000 but instead holds 171,000.
Judges used to have wide discretion in sentencing, which minimized overcrowding. In 1977, Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown stripped judges of this authority. "Over the next decade, California's legislature, dominated by Democrats, passed more than 1,000 laws increasing mandatory prison sentences," according to the Washington Post.
Brutal violence is all too common. Human Rights Watch estimates that nationwide one out of fifteen male inmates is raped. Many prisoners are effectively the slaves of their cellmates.
Gang violence is endemic. The institution has become a totalitarian hell for those inside.
What's worse, most people incarcerated should not be. A quarter of the inmates are locked up for non-violent drug offenses. They committed no act of violence against anyone's person or property, and their imprisonment is part of a destructive drug policy that has boosted crime, trashed civil liberties, uprooted the social order and corrupted the whole legal system.
Many others are in prison for other non-violent offenses against the state - unapproved gun ownership, tax evasion, and so forth. Many petty criminals do not deserve anything like today's prisons, and their incarceration helps no one.
Most prisoners can and should be released. The number of those who actually must be isolated from society would not lead to overcrowding or be an ungainly financial burden.
California's recidivism rate is the highest in America. The system does not work.
Indeed, people go in as small-time thieves and come out far worse. They go in as drug users and come out desensitized to savage violence. They go in as burglars and come out as rapists. Prisons increase crime.
Conservatives talk about the good old days when there was more civility, more freedom, lower taxes and less crime. There were also far fewer prisons. Until the modern system is rethought, we can never restore the liberty and social peace we once had.
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27 Comments so far
Show AllNice to see some actual sanity coming into the discussion. I've been saying for at least 20 years that the righties won't be happy until half of us are in prison and the other half are watching that half. It's their full employment plan.
The real problem is that prisons have become just another profit center for the rich. When you make a profit from locking people up, there is no reason NOT to lock people up. And it's people like Cheney who own the companies that make profit from this system. There are some things that SHOULD be the duty of the gov't, and jails and prisons are on that list. It's the only way that you have an incentive to keep people OUT of jail.
Justice for money is NO justice at all.
This situation that we are in now is completely unsustainable. 7 million people in the system is just too much incarceration and is far too costly. What we have now does far more ddamage than good. It destroys lives, breaks up families, and ruins society, all for the profits of the few over the good of the many. When a system does more damage than good, it's time for it to be scrapped. And this system damages far too many for the benefit of just a handful. Time for the handful to stop profitting on the misfortune of the rest of us.
>>Time for the handful to stop profitting on the misfortune of the rest of us.
That is the ESSENCE of Capitalism. One persons MISfortune is the source of anothers fortune.
But let's not forget the prisons set up for children...and the money being made off that; private prisons and privatized foster care.
My husband and I adopted 3 young grandchildren in 2004; now our daughter has two more and the state has removed them too. They've placed them in our care which is what we wanted to do but last week, they showed up at our door to say they (private foster care agency) will be removing the two younger ones and putting in another foster care home because..get this, our house is too small!!!! Apparently the State of Michigan changed their laws last year to support this and it's dammed scary. When a price tag has been placed on innocent children in the care of loving family but being removed to make money for a private business, it makes me wonder where was the world when it was decided it should be that way.
I have to say that I am not going to be able to comment in a way that solves anything but things are bad. There is a feeling in this country of totality. Kinda like a buch of prison states looking for inmates. The thing is that there is a target group. The drug user. It's a cultural war and the drug user is the new enemie or something worse. It's deeply about what we believe, think and feel. It's very unsettling that people don't see this weird deal that's going down. State, county and municipal police forces are armed to the teeth and all they do is search for weed and other worse things. But it's weed. They have the dogs and other kinds of things and they will ruin your life and glad to do it. It is just very weird that we are not "arm and arm" (now more than ever)and we want to do this to each other. Violent offenders should be put away but this system of putting one culture behind bars is really working against our nation. Why do we stand for it? I hate the word "sheeple" but that what it looks like to me. I am afraid and that's what they want, I know. In the old days.....
Anyone reading this might also want to read the other CD article by Amy Goodman, “Jailing Kids for Cash, on today's list.
First drug usage should not be treated as a crime, but a public health matter. Prisons were originally meant to be a place where society's unwanted people were to be sent to turn them into something acceptable or at least tolerable. On the surface this seems to have been a worthwhile goal, but it never, ever came close to realization. Sure, some individuals are so dangerous to society that they need to be separated from that society until such time as they can be determined not to be a danger. But prisons are not the answer. Our country has a punishment mentality which, by definition, implies treating the symptoms of a disease that has already gone out of control. Few people seem to see the need to prevent such conditions from arising in the first place. Punishment is never the answer, unless, it would seem, one only deals with people for whom punishment has only ever been the solution. Studies have shown that positive rewards are, in the long run, more effective in deterring negative behavior than negative “reward” systems, punishment. Unfortunately we learn to punish early on, as small children when we are hit and slapped for what are really minor “offenses”. A parent gets frustrated with their child and hits them for disobeying, thinking that “sparing the rod spoils the child”. Any why shouldn't they use this system? Because that is what they were taught and their parents before them and so on... If one thinks hard about this, this system of negative re-enforcement can be seen as a prime ingredient to the mix of problems that are plaguing the world now: the failing economy, global warming. We aren't taught to deal with problems patiently and with forethought and we, at least in America, are all guilty of this, including me. Think of how the banksters we bailout are like the gangsters we lock up; the only real difference between the two is the speed with which they kill their victims.
If I had to give only one single convincing argument demonstrating the decadence of US capitalism it would be our prisons, which house more than all of authoritarian China - for a rate of incarceration at least 5 times more than China.
“The degree of civilization in a society can be judged by entering its prisons.”
-Fyodor Dostoevsky
---USAn
A lot of it has to do with the stupid war on drugs. Release all non-violent drug offenders; get them into a recovery program if necessary. Prisons have also been a way of addressing poverty; poor kids (if their not killed in the ghetto) seem either to join the military or go to prison. We have become a sad, mean country indeed.
No thanks to the rehab proposal; if they want help it should be available, not forced on one.
Legalize and regulate drugs and remove all convictions for drug "crimes." Period.
"We have become a sad, mean country indeed."
A truly sad, but accurate comment. Meanness, rudeness, me first. That is what we have become.
-- ekaton aka d.k.shaw
Interesting that in the entire essay the author neglected to mention that fully 33% of all prisoners in federal, state and even local jails are ILLEGAL ALIEN CRIMINALS who should not have been in this country in the first place.
If we just enforced our existing immigration laws and deported every single illegal alien criminal, thatat would significantly alleviate the prison overcrowding problem.
An Claidheamh Anam
Please cite your source for 33%...
>"Please cite your source for 33%... "
DOJ website. The cited fact is official, it just isn't reported by the marxist press.
An Claidheamh Anam
Just so you know, I visited the website you gave and found the following:
"About 4% of State prison inmates were not U.S. citizens at yearend 2001"
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/crimoff.htm#jail
"In 1997, Federal inmates were more likely than State inmates to be [...] -- noncitizens (18% vs. 5%)." This is from a 2002 report.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/crimoff.htm#jail
"An estimated 8% of jail inmates were not U.S. citizens, unchanged from 1996." This is from a 2002 report.
http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/pub/ascii/pji02.txt
Now, if you're going to make your stats up, at least make the facts harder to find.
That being said, could you please explain to me how "illegal immigration" harms me or my property?
trolls come and trolls go...
Just curious, if your formerly self-sufficient Mexican, Salvadoran or Nicaraguan farming or shopkeeping family was starving as a result of US led neoliberal economic policies and the flagrant meddling in your country's internal affairs, and your only hope for providing for them was finding work in the US, what would you do?
Of course, they could rise up and overthrow, or try to overthrow, their opressors and build a more just and equitable economy, but that was already tried and tens of thousands were killed in the brutal US led repression.
In Mexico, they try things more peacefully, by the ballot box or peaceful strike, but the strikers get gunned down (as in Oaxaca) and the elections get rigged.
So their only choice is to at least try to provide for their family by doing subservient work up north.
Once again, what would you do? Sorry, but "It's not my proble" is the wrong answer. Especially since, if they did stay south of the border and rise up and overthrow the existing order you would condemn them as "communists" and "terrorists".
---USAn---
>"Just curious, if your formerly self-sufficient Mexican, Salvadoran or Nicaraguan farming or shopkeeping family was starving as a result of US led neoliberal economic policies and the flagrant meddling in your country's internal affairs, and your only hope for providing for them was finding work in the US, what would you do?"
Start a revolucion and work to make things better in my own country. I would break into another country and expect to be given a job, health care, housing and schooling for my kids at the expense of the taxpayers of another land.
>"Of course, they could rise up and overthrow, or try to overthrow, their opressors and build a more just and equitable economy, but that was already tried and tens of thousands were killed in the brutal US led repression."
Examples and sources please?
>"In Mexico, they try things more peacefully, by the ballot box or peaceful strike, but the strikers get gunned down (as in Oaxaca) and the elections get rigged."
... and this is the fault of the United States?
>"Once again, what would you do? Sorry, but "It's not my proble" is the wrong answer. Especially since, if they did stay south of the border and rise up and overthrow the existing order you would condemn them as "communists" and "terrorists".
You're putting words in my mouth. I would have much more respect for the Mexican people if they did rise up and put their own house in order.
Do you think it is the obligation of the American taxpayer to employ, house and provide free health care and schooling to indigent foreigners? Please name a single other nation on this globe that does such a thing? A single one?
An Claidheamh Anam
If this nation wants to be special they should open the borders to everyone who wants to come. What other nation has two illegal wars going at once?
We could claim some moral high ground. We have had eight years of a rush to the swamps.
Got news for you: It is your problem. If we can't see that, we will eventually be shown, like in the economic mess.
The war on drugs breaks, then maintains, the separation of the family unit, especially for the poor.
The war on drugs discriminates against one seeking gainful employment (both in terms of urinalysis and background checks).
The war on drugs has removed the peace officer from the community and has militarized them, turning them into nothing more than heavily armed thugs, not respected peace officers.
The war on drugs is racist. Yet, the current Atty General calls us a nation of wimps when it comes to racial issues! The audacity!! And still "Uncle Tom" Holder locks up ever more blacks and hispanics!
Time to legalize currently illegal drugs. It will remove profits from the cartels, bring peace to the streets and revenue to the local and state coffers.
Let's get real people.
Excellent article. It should have been said long ago and much more often.
Judges are receiving kickbacks from private prison companies like GEO Group(formally Wackenhut) and others. Investigate, sue,prosecute these traitors.
The problem of prison overcrowding can be solved literally overnight by "uncriminalizing" marihuana.
Everybody knows the criminalizing of this weed was just a "get rich sceme" by Randolph Hearst and DuPont who, after inventing nylon, wanted to "barge in" on the rope market,(which was made mainly of hemp), while also scapegoating minority migrant workers who used the weed.
Don't forget the bigot and bible thumping Harry Anslinger.
America has more political prisoners than all other nations combined. If not for having a job, identification, a home, and other "responsibilities," I'd be in jail by now if a host of law enforcement fascists had their way - that for being strongly and ascerbically opinionated and critical of U. S. government, and nothing more. I've had numerous visits from Homeland Security for saying what many more of us think. If I were homeless, or had a prior, I'd likely be in one of California's houses by now. Prisons exist because the elite find value in them as a means to scare us all into submission. A president can kill millions and retire to his ranch, but a poor Mexican immigrant can spend a life in prison for a dime bag. We have no justice system, just a system of fear and retribution meted out by the boot-licking lackeys of capital-driven psychosis.
We should be all clamoring for shutting down prisons, or filling them with the real criminals who run our banks, government, corporations, media, and military.
"Prisons exist because the elite find value in them as a means to scare us all into submission. A president can kill millions and retire to his ranch, but a poor Mexican immigrant can spend a life in prison for a dime bag."
Sand flea, it is so obvious it would be funny if not so sad that two systems of justice exist in this country, one for the "elite" and one for the rest of us. If you or I are suspected of having involvement in illegal drugs, the pigs can confiscate your vehicle, home, or anything else they think may be connected with you dealings with drugs and sell it. They then get to keep the proceeds from said sale to buy new crime fighting stuff for themselves, even if the case for drugs is never even brought to trial. Just last week, one of our finest, a DPS trooper, stopped a guy driving a pickup for a traffic violation. Suspecting the guy may have drugs in his vehicle, the trooper called a local sheriff's deputy K-9 unit to check for drugs. They didin't find any drugs, but found $30,000 in cash, which they confiscated. Then, they arested the guy on money laundering charges and started trying to figure out which department got what portion of the cash the seized. Now, change of scenes. Scooter Libby is charges, tried, convicted, and sentenced to prison for perjury and obstruction of justice. What did he get? A pardon.
It seems that the prison system today has become a way to bypass laws against slavery. Just look at Louisiana's Angola State Prison for example. The majority of the prison's population is black and most of these inmates work in the fields day in and day out harvesting sugar cane, cotton, and other crops. The prison then sells these crops on the open market and has an annual income of hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Further, civilian prison inmate labor may now be used by the U.S. military doing construction work and other labor on military installations.
No wonder the war on drugs is not up for discussion. For one, the federal government, the biggest importer of illegal drugs (why do you think the opium crops have increased by 700% in Afganistan) makes more money if the drugs are kept illegal. Second, the war on drugs keeps all of these DEA agents, FBI agents, state police, and local pigs employed as well as private prisons making profits, and state and feseral prisons getting plenty of slave labor. Just don't look for anyone such as a Rockefellar, anyone from Congress, any CEO's of major corporations, etc. to be in the headlines for getting busted for drugs anytime soon. They seem to be exempt from those particular laws that we must follow to the letter.
I wonder if anyone commits a crime hoping to get sentenced so that they can obtain health care, or even just to eat. If those type of crimes go up, at what point do prisons become concentration camps? If the economic downturn gets severe enough, it will be interesting to see what kinds of compromises are made.
It would not surprise me. In some parts of my state, I have heard of homeless people committing petty crimes to have a meal and a warm place to sleep, at least for one night, in winter.
NMLib
Paul Siemering
We need to stop privatizing prisons. Capitalists need to see their enterprises grow, their profits increase. if they are in the prison business- and it is huge- then they need to get fresh supplies of prisoners. how do they do this? they do it by getting legislation passed like mandatory sentencing. etc.
also, a fixed principle of business is to keep costs down and profits up. So the food in private prisons is the cheapest slop they can find. will they install a library? a gym? no, and if any such amenities exist, they won't last.
I wold also recommend Angela Davis's idea of prison abolition.
The author said:
"This is madness. And it's expensive."
AND it in itself is a criminal exploitation for profit that creates a caste justice "system." It only punishes -- and "corrects" nothing but the bottom line of "security" assembly line behemoths. It's nuts, alright. Oh, so much of it is really just political.
Those who call themselves "tough on security" (while demeaning others), are really the fear-mongering cowards who seriously undermine our real and long-term security by:
1- what they do and advocate, and
2- just being the sef-centered, sociopathically dissconnected who they are, while excercising tremendous power in our names; they are too sociopathic to comprehend the grave threat they represent to our nation and to humanity.
Outsourcing "justice," like outsourcing "defense," contradicts BOTH concepts and represent a rapidily growing breach of our national security, only fixed by an expansion in democracy and empowerment of the general population.