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TechnoratiHow Close the Bush Bullet
Earlier this decade when some of us warned that George W. Bush was behaving more like an incipient dictator than the leader of a constitutional republic, we were dismissed as alarmists, left-wingers, traitors and a host of less printable epithets.
But it is now increasingly clear that President Bush and his top advisers viewed the 9/11 attacks as an opportunity to implement a series of right-wing legal theories that secretly granted Bush unlimited power to act lawlessly and outside the traditional parameters of the U.S. Constitution.
These theories held that at a time of war - even one as vaguely defined as the "war on terror" - Bush's powers as Commander in Chief were "plenary," or total. And since the conflict against terrorism had no boundaries in time or space, his unfettered powers would exist everywhere and essentially forever.
According to his administration's secret legal memos released Monday, Bush could waive all meaningful constitutional rights of citizens, including the First Amendment's protections on free speech and a free press.
John Yoo, a deputy assistant attorney general at the Justice Department's powerful Office of Legal Counsel - which advises a President on the limits of his constitutional powers - declared that Bush could void the First Amendment if he deemed it necessary to fight terrorism.
"First Amendment speech and press rights may also be subordinated to the overriding need to wage war successfully," Yoo wrote in an Oct. 23, 2001, memo entitled "Authority for Use of Military Force to Combat Terrorist Activities Within the United States."
Yoo then added ominously, "The current campaign against terrorism may require even broader exercises of federal power domestically."
What was particularly stunning about Yoo's reference to waiving the First Amendment - a pillar of American democracy - was his cavalier attitude. He tossed the paragraph into a memo focused on stripping Americans of their Fourth Amendment "right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures."
While saying that Bush could order spying on and military attacks against U.S. domestic targets at his own discretion as Commander in Chief, Yoo added, almost in passing, that the President also could abrogate the rights of free speech and a free press.
Wiping Out Public Trials
Another Yoo memo, dated June 27, 2002, essentially voided the Sixth Amendment and a federal law guaranteeing Americans the right to public trials. In the memo, Yoo asserted that Bush had the power to declare American citizens "enemy combatants" and detain them indefinitely.
"The President's power to detain enemy combatants, including U.S. citizens, is based on his constitutional authority as Commander in Chief," Yoo wrote, adding that "Congress may no more regulate the President's ability to detain enemy combatants than it may regulate his ability to direct troop movements on the battlefield."
Yoo acknowledged that in "war on terror" cases, an "enemy combatant" may have no formal connection to an enemy group, may have no weapon, and may have no discernable plan for carrying out a terrorist attack. In other words, an "enemy combatant" could be anyone that Bush so designated.
Under Yoo's analysis, an alleged "enemy combatant" would have no legal recourse, since Bush's Commander in Chief powers trumped even habeas corpus requirements that the government must show cause for imprisoning someone. Further, this opinion wasn't just hypothesizing; it provided the legal basis for indefinitely detaining U.S. citizen Jose Padilla.
Though the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately issued a narrow 5-4 decision overturning Bush's supposed right to deny habeas corpus and punish "enemy combatants" through his own military court system, many of Yoo's concepts survived in the Military Commissions Act, which was passed by the Republican-controlled Congress in 2006.
While the law appears on the surface to target only non-citizens, fine print deep in the legislation makes clear that the Bush administration still was asserting its power to detain U.S. citizens who were viewed as aiding and abetting foreign enemies and to punish those citizens through military commissions that denied normal due-process rights to defendants.
"Any person is punishable as a principal under this chapter who commits an offense punishable by this chapter, or aids, abets, counsels, commands, or procures its commission," the law states, adding that "any person subject to this chapter who, in breach of an allegiance or duty to the United States, knowingly and intentionally aids an enemy of the United States ... shall be punished as a military commission ... may direct."
The reference to people acting "in breach of an allegiance or duty to the United States" would not apply to Osama bin Laden or al-Qaeda but would cover American citizens.
The Military Commissions Act remains in effect to this day, although President Barack Obama has vowed not to apply it, favoring use of regular civilian or military courts.
Loss of First Amendment
Though some of us have cited Bush's determination to override key constitutional protections for years (see, for instance, our book Neck Deep), few critics - including me - thought to include the notion that Bush was interested in suspending the First Amendment.
The significance of Yoo's throwaway paragraph about throwing away the First Amendment is that it suggests that the Bush administration intended as early as October 2001 to act against journalists and citizens who were viewed as undermining Bush's "war on terror" through public comments or disclosures.
As a right-wing legal scholar, Yoo surely shared the Right's knee-jerk animosity toward past reporting on the Watergate scandal and the Vietnam War's Pentagon Papers, as well as contempt for Americans who demonstrated against the Vietnam War.
But his First Amendment reference also may have reflected the thinking of senior Bush aides in those early days of the "war on terror" as they collaborated with Yoo in formulating his legal opinions.
In his 2006 book War by Other Means, Yoo describes his participation in frequent White House meetings regarding what "other means" should receive a legal stamp of approval. Yoo said the "meetings were usually chaired by Alberto Gonzales," then White House counsel, and involved Vice President Dick Cheney's legal counsel, David Addington.
So, a seemingly incongruous reference to overriding the First Amendment - in a memo centered on overriding the Fourth Amendment - could be explained by the desire of White House officials to have some legal cover for actions aimed at journalists who were exposing secrets or whose reporting might weaken the national resolve behind Bush's actions.
It also suggests that Bush's critics who exercised their free speech rights in challenging his "war on terror" could have become targets of special government operations justified under Bush's Commander in Chief powers.
In other words, Bush's assault on America's constitutional Republic may have been more aggressive than many of us imagined. It was a bullet that came close to the heart of a dream dating back to 1776.
45 Comments so far
Show AllLord Buckley,
It wouldn't be so bad if only we led by example.
The one area of flawless and unchallengeable legality these criminals should be held to account for, considering that they attempted to act as "Constitutional experts", is the simple fact that war was never declared. When they had the chance, they did not request a declaration of war. Thus, it is a very simple argument to state that ALL of their "legal opinions" were based on a false premise. Bush himself, with his classic smirk on his face, declared himself a "War President", much like a kid who just got a cowboy hat for Christmas declaring "I'm a cowboy!". He was no more a war president than a kid like this is a cowboy, he was never a war president.
All of their legal "arguments" are based on the presumption of a war being waged. But, if we are to follow the Constitution, and demand that it's laws be adhered to, this argument was a strawman. There was no war, there is no war, and thus, President Bush never had any exceptional and unhindered powers other than those directly proscribed in the Constitution.
I know it won't happen, but taking this mob of criminals to task on this one issue is all that need be done. All the things they say the President could do because there was a war, are false. ALL OF THEM. There is no war...the last time war was declared, FDR was President!
Sometimes it only takes focus on a singular issue to break down the edifice so carefully built up...and THIS IS THAT AREA OF FOCUS. Let the Constitution be our guide. And let the violations of his sworn oath to protect and defend the Constitutional be the guide for the conviction of the first truly traitorous President this nation has had to suffer. He, and his enablers, all are guilty of crimes against the US Constitution, and the people of the United States. They are also guilty of war crimes, and crimes against humanity. This triumvirate of crimes is enough to see many of them hang for their offenses...if they can be proven. And the fact of no war, and thus no war powers, is the crux of the proof. All the other things follow that, but it is first and foremost amongst the thousands of crimes these vile criminals have committed.
Time to prosecute...to the fullest extent the law will allow...and let the punishment suit the crime, and the statutes violated. And most importantly, let the punishment suit traitors to the very Constitution this country is based upon, the very Constitution that that terrible President was sworn to protect and defend...not tear asunder and toss in the dumpster for his convenience.
/Users/johndwyer/
Read _Gulliver's Travels_ slowly and carefully. Gulliver is us. Bush was Lilliput's Emperor Mully Ully Gue. Americans who read only "news" washed and sanitized by fearful "journalists" never will be put under surveillance. Look now how they all feel so free, suddenly, to pronounce their condemnation of the fascists. Where were they when we were on the streets calling to Bush, "Where's the evidence"? They didn't want to risk the spit and ridicule.
Such grand peeping courage as is being displayed in articles such as this in Common Dreams and Truthout has proved that the Taliban's claim that we are a nation of softies and easily triumphed over was a wholly accurate assessment. The majority mistake the marines' "kill, kill, kill" for courage.
We irretrievably gave up our precious constitutional rights. The Hobbesian giant of American citizenry prostrated itself in total self-abnegation before the throne of George W. Bush. We were Gulliver bowing before Mully Ully Gue. There's no more country to stand up for. We are defeated.
Strangely, when some of us called the Bush administration "fascist," we were scolded for being hysterical and screechy. It is, perhaps, a cliche to call the U.S. rightists "fascist," but it doesn't make the epithet less truthful.
one old atheist
First things first:
1-Get Obama to restore Habeas Corpus
2-Get Obama to repeal the surveillance laws just passed
3-Get Obama to repeal the Patriot Acts
4-Get Obama to repeal all signing statements from George W. Bush, and submit a request for a new law, to the effect that signing statements are now and forever illegal and invalid. The president signs into law what the congress gives to him, intact, no ifs, ands or buts.... if he disagrees or does not understand what congress sent to him, he can veto it, or send it back for clarification.
The president cannot write, nor interpret law, those are rights reserved only to the Congress and the Supreme Court.
5-Get Obama to indict all the war criminals to be prosecuted at the World Court,
and we all know who these creeps are.
6-Finally lets get Congress to pass into law Referendum/Recall for any and ALL elected officials, like the rest of the world, so we don't have to get stuck with an ignoramus/clown/idiot for 6 years at a time. If he is NOT doing our bidding, out he/she goes.
Unfortunately, Obama is moving to embrace Bush's unlawful powers. Torture's still on the table (the Obama admin is studying its effectiveness), along with extraordinary rendition (not ruled out). The global war on terror is continuing, with war escalations in Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Iraq war isn't ending (50,000 troops will always stay for who knows how long, plus any number of mercenaries).
As Senator, Obama voted for the USA PATRIOT Act. He also voted for the FISA bill, violating our Fourth Amendment rights.
Obama says he wants to look to the future, when asked about prosecuting Bush administration officials for violations of law. There's no talk of war crimes as the wars continue.
-TIA
President George W. Bush signs into law S. 3930, the Military Commissions Act of
2006, during a ceremony on October 17, 2006 in the East Room of the Whitehouse.
The Military Commissions Act eliminates protections against unlawful
imprisonment, convictions based on coerced evidence, violations of due process, etc. and this was approved by both houses of congress.
Why are the American people still at risk of this tyranical terrorism?
Read H.R.45
http://www.opencongress.org/bill/111-h45/text
What Yoo left, Oreobama taketh away. The water is getting warmer and warmer fellow frogs.
If you think Mr. Yoo did damage to our rights and way of life while in the OLC (Office of Legal Council), immagine the damage he is perpetuating as a law professor at Berkley, U of California.
Boo. Are you scared yet?
Hoytdouglas--Good News--Yoo is currently not teaching at Berkeley (formally Boalt) but is at a small liberal arts college in Southern California.
We have dodged only one of the constitutionally damaging bullets.
We had to make sure that we had elections in 2008 and test to see if they still were valid as far as choosing our next President.
The country is still in danger of having the constitution used as target practice on a shooting range.
WARRANT LESS SURVEILLANCE. I have told my story on this web site in many different postings.
I am a victim of the religious right republican warrant less surveillance torture machine. They have many names, community watch, neighborhood watch, FBI,CIA,NSA,INFRAGARD,IAFF,CITIZEN CORP, CAUSE STALKING PRIVATE ARMY'S.
You name it, they have been following me, tapping my phones and viewing my internet activity and reading my emails for over two years. WHY ?
Because I live in Florida. They are using me to fly in from all over the country representatives to spy on me. Of course while they are here, we have the beaches , beautiful weather , Disney World, cruise ships, need I say more.
It would be easy to prove , if I could file under Freedom of information act and get responses back that were not redacted.
I am telling you, if my calculations are correct, the Bush warrant less surveillance network has spent over a million dollars watching an innocent man 24/7 struggle with trying to understand why they were doing this me and go to work every day. And it has not been easy, because in order for them to get away with this abuse of tax payer money and my torture they have to discredit me and slander me as a delusional threat. In other words, they are trying to drive me crazy, so that no one believes what they have done to me. Classic Cointel pro gang stalking torture and discredit tactics.
Remember, I drive 130 miles a day through 5 county's all around Tampa Florida.
I am a network engineer, and my work is on site in business offices .
I was a perfect test subject. I was mobile, in and out of all kinds of bushiness's , used computers and had one Muslim friend. There you go.
The perfect formula for non stop warrant less surveillance in Florida.
They used gang stalking torture tactics to get me to react in a wild way, and it worked. So , the crazier I acted , the more people they had follow me.
Lets just say, that I have been used and almost killed , so these scumbags could spend tax payer money while here in Florida partying.
Truth Commission, special prosecutor, shoot, tell these guys to call me, and I will give them all kinds oF places to start and pull government records. Somebody had to pay for all the surveillance they had on me. There has got to be a huge paper trail.
And that my friends, is the real reason they passed the ridiculous FISA extension on Warrant less surveillance. They are spending billions without having any checks or balance in why or how much. The infrastructure is huge, and they don't want to shut it down and go back to rule of law, you know " probable cause" . That would bring the money spending fun machine to a halt, because it would take months to get warrants on all the people they want to abuse for the fun.Not to mention, they would not be able to get 98 percent of the warrants because of lack of proof.
The next bullet we stop has to be Warrant less surveillance , because they will use any Illegally gathered info they can to twist all the arms of our law makers to keep the fun machine going.
WARRANT LESS SURVEILLANCE IS A CANCER THAT IF LEFT UNCHECKED WILL INFECT AMERICANS INTO BELIEVING THAT PRIVACY AND THE 4TH AMENDMENT ARE UNNECESSARY IF YOU ARE DOING NOTHING WRONG. JUST WAIT TELL THEY TELL THESE RELIGIOUS FREAKS THAT THE CHURCH IS DANGEROUS AND ALL CHRISTIANS ARE NOW SUSPECTS OF ANTI GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS.
THEY THINK BECAUSE THEY ARE THE COMMUNITY WATCHERS, THEY CAN NOT BE WATCHED.FOOLS.
BornFreeMen.
TORTURE VICTIM OF WARRANT LESS SURVEILLANCE. 2 YEARS AND RUNNING.
There's no one worse that Yoo, Bush, Cheney, Rove, Rumsfeld, Rice, Gonzales, Ashcroft, Addington, Matalin, Fleischer, Elliot Abrams, Abramoff, Norquist, and about 5,000 others in government, business and corporate media who together designed, enabled and covered up for this 8-year crime spree. There needs to be a maximum security prison for all of them, kept in separate cells with no intermingling or access to the outside world, which they conspired to destroy as much of as humanly possible. Any sane society would have already done this. Or worse. Worse would be better.
Addington, Yoo, Gonzalez & Cheney. Bush.. The Necon GOP scum THOUGHT they would be in power now.
Via McCain or some other drone.
They were surprised by Obama, the Internet, and the degree of American's repulsion with Bush and Life. Destroyed.
Were it not for one charismatic organizer, BO, and millions of young votes, we'd still be saluting the Republicans, palin/mccain....heading to war with Russia & Iran, and embracing new, deeper tax-cuts for our filthy rich.
Things could be worse. ie like they were.
Joe.
Yoo must be older than he looks. Apparently he was Stalin's lawyer.
I do wonder about the reason that bush didn't establish himself as a dictator for life. If he had all the things needed to act, why the hell didn't he? Yes, the man was an idiot, but that doesn't mean that other dictator's are smarter. Why didn't he take over as the decider for life?
Bush is not stupid; he is evil, like all Republicans. I think being president wore on him, keeping him from video games and other such that he enjoyes.
one old atheist
Well, Dick Cheney's health was failing. And George was tired of having to pretend to work and think and stuff every day. And that hell hole of a vacation house was just no relief. And every time he played dress-up even Laura was snikering behind his back 'cause he couldn't fill the cod piece.
It just wasn't no fun no more and that's the truth. Poppy was right, it wasn't as easy as it looked.
But seriously, if Cheney had been ten years younger we might be living a way different nightmare. If these guys aren't made an example of to show that this stuff can't be gotten away with (I mean real jail time for some big boys and girls)
these peoples' protoges are going to be back with a vengence one day.
Rove, Cheney, etc. are the legacy of Nixon and Ford pardoning Nixon. No jail for Nixon gave us Iran-Contra. No jail for Iran-Contra (well Ollie fell on his sword) showed Bush/Cheney/Rove that they could push this way further. I don't really think they thought they could get as far as they did. The next gang will go all the way. When the guy with the gun says, "Elections. We don't need no stinkin' elections. What are you gonna do about it?" the American people will say...?
Bush didn't establish himself as a dictator, or decider for life because he was no more in charge than any other puppet ever is.
"Alarmists, left wingers, liberals,traitors, conspiracy theorists, nut cases, unpatriotic" are some of the things we have been called. Yet, we, are still in Iraq and Afghanistan, Guantanmo is still open, the U.S. Treasury is being robbed of TRILLIONS OF DOLLARS, and the Department of Justice released some of the documents that prove we might be right about everything.
Since 9/11/2001, Two steel-framed skyscrapers were engulfed in flames for almost 24 hours. (One in Spain and one in China) Despite intense heat, neither of those skyscrapers came down....The "Official Version" of 9/11 claims that three buildings came down because of intense heat.....that has been proven to be a lie.
If they are calling for an "Independent Investigation" of the Justice Department. Why aren't they calling for an Independent Investigation of 9/11? After all the world is in a crisis that began because of 9/11 and the Illegal and Immoral Invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan that followed and 9/11 was the excuse.
Basically, citizens according to Mr. Yoo have no rights except the right to bear arms.
The idea that some small-fry schmoe like Yoo suddenly had a lightbulb go on over his cubicle, resulting in memos that a wise and sage 'president' believed were legitimate interpretations of the Constitution, is laughable.
This is Cheney and Addington, period. Yoo (and Bybee, in his turn) was recruited to put his name on this spoon-fed subversion for the simple purpose of creating a paper trail that didn't simply run from Cheney to Cheney.
If Bush was a pimple on Cheney's ass for eight years, Yoo was a hemorrhoid on the body politic. No more.
Finally, Obama's quote that he won't apply these rulings would be a lot more reassuring if he wasn't keeping them in his hip pocket - just in case.
These were illegal presumptions --- where the power of true justice
to stop these illegalities?
"According to all myth, the female - not the male -- gives life"
Hitler had no shortage of legal scholars to tell him what he wanted to hear, nor any shortage of judges and attorneys to do his bidding.
Until these freedoms are restored and just as importantly, Yoo, Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld,...brought to trial, we are living under an illegal government.
Old news.....So what's this admi8nistration going to do about the transgressions of the Bush Administration.
All those meetings suggest Yoo's legal opinions were being "fixed around the policy", just like the intelligence justifying the Iraq war. Parry calls him a "legal scholar". Toady is a more apt description.
Yes, well, as he says, there is really nothing new here at least to those of us awake the last twenty years. The question is, when will all the fools realize the Democratic Party will do nothing to correct this mess?
thong-girl
Right, and so far they haven't done any more than they had this time last year, two, three, four, five, six, seven years ago. When they should have acted. All we get from the Dems is empty repetitive words that translate: We're scared to do anything. The Republicans might not like us, and we must avoid that at all cost.
No surprises here. AND, when ALL the truth is revealed...especially regarding the false flag of 9/11, the entire Bush cabal should be incarcerated for life OR this government WILL come down......if the economy does not cause the downfall first.
This should give Sen Leahy a segue into indicting Yoo for aiding and abetting treason. Be a great first step for the Truth and Reconciliation commission.
The commission should be based on immunity for transgressions other than
perjury below cabinet level but making an example of that little worm would
a great first step to get everyone else's attention.
Fred from Boston
Truth and Reconciliation Commission my butt. We need common criminal investigations, indictments, charges, trials, convictions and executions for treason.
d.k.shaw
Right, so perhaps we should all begin contacting Leahy and all other Congress-critters on a daily basis, via e-mail, phone, twitter, real letters, whatever, to let them know we want the criminals - ALL of Them - held accountable.
And, while we're at it, we should all start writing to our local newspapers and emailing all those talking heads who show up on TV - they all have emails and twittters, etc.
Even though our economy is trashing and is distracting us from some of these other things, improving our financial situation will do us no good if the entire moral and ethical structure of our nation is allowed to go down the drain.
1. We need to learn the truth about 9/11, because this is the excuse Cheney/Bush created for perpetrating all of their other dastardly deeds. Unless the general public comes to understand that we were NOT attacked by Islamic terrorists, pursuing
the Bushists will be more difficult. Plus, Obama and his buds can continue to use the threat of terrorism as a reason to waste more of our sons & daughters and treasure on useless wars unless 9//1 is exposed.
2. ALL of those involved in the Bush administration and M-I complex need to be prosecuted and punished.
There is no other acceptable course of action if our republic is to be saved.
Mr. Parry seems on the verge of the final realization, that the Bushies did not just seize the 9/11 opportunity, they manufactured it.
The entire Bush-Cheney nightmare was a crime against Democracy, a crime against the people of the United States, and totally premeditated. They chose to ignore all the warnings of the impending terrorist attack because they wanted it to happen. They needed a "new american pearl harbor" (quoted from the Project for the New American Century) to railroad the American citizens into supported their war of choice for profit in Iraq. The CEOs of the oil companies and the bankers are also guilty of complicity in this most heinous crime. They did it for the money. Consider Cheney's 'secret energy meetings' at which maps of Iraqi oil fields were discussed and divided between the major oil companies. These people are all monsters and deserve to be tried, convicted, and publicly executed. Cut off their heads and put them on the spikes of the fence surrounding the white house as a reminder that this should never happen again. Dig up Renquist and stick his head up there too. At least it won't be up his ass as it was in life. Impeach and remove all the supreme court justices who voted to give the white house to the usurper, and if they made even a penny on this war, convict them and let their heads join the others. Anyone who made a profit on this war is a war criminal. Get rid of all the computer voting machines, and go back to paper ballots counted by human hands. The secret computer voting programs are totally unconstitutional. Just ask the Germans.
didn't those "secret voting programs" just elect Obama and a Democratic Congress? You sure you want to investigate?
And who is to say the landslide election was the true extent of the will of the voters? With all of the irregularities and statistically impossible results from 2004 and 2006 I think it is a safe bet that the Democratic majorities in the house and senate should probably be more substantial. You can only shave so many points before even the most stubourn observer has to admit it is rediculous.
That system is just sitting there waiting and Karl Rove knows all the codes. He has job security, unless he goes to jail. Well, maybe even from jail.
sheesh... the united states' most powerful president was its dumbest.
go figure...
Life is absurd. What is there to figure?
"..."in breach of an allegiance or duty to the United States"..."
Would that include, say, members of our "financial industry" who conspired to rig and/or destroy our entire economic system and rape our Treasury for their own gain? Or does "allegiance or duty to the U.S." include screwing Uncle Sam upside-down and inside-out?
True ... and what of the oath of office -- "to uphold the Constitution" . . . !!!
"According to all myth, the female - not the male -- gives life"
John Yoo is an enemy of democracy. He is also a corporate sycophant hellbent on preaching the tenets of unfettered corporatism. All of this 'war of terror' rubbish is merely a smokescreen for the right-wing fanatics to rob the public treasury and to wage perpetual war on behalf of the MIC.
How do such foolish nutbars ascend to such high positions of authority? Simple. Our system demands that only such buffoons are eligible for public office to avoid progressive reforms. Though it is not publicly stated, enlightened applicants need not apply!
How true.
The moral midgets that have Yoo teaching law in California are complicit in this travesty.
Sadly enough, it appears that in the new Obamanation, those Cheney/Bush illegal tamperings with the Constitution are not being repealed, but just ignored until called for.
No government has ever voluntarily returned to its people any right that they have taken away and it appears that the Obamanation is no different.
We the People need our Constitution back in the Halls of Government, intact and functioning. Of that, I think we have two chances; slim and none.
Have habeas corpus rights that the Bush Regime and Congress took away from anybody that the US Government labelled an "enemy combatant" as part of the enhanced patriot act in October 2006 been restored yet? Habeas corpus provides the basic right to prove your identity. Without that basic right, ANYBODY and EVERYBODY can be labelled an enemy combatant and they will have no right to prove their true identity.
Have the "enhanced" survellience on US citizen laws that Obama supported in 2008 been repealed yet?
Don't think for one moment that we are "out of the woods" yet.
try this website,
and look up,
Iraq war reasons..It will name all the neocons who placed us into Iraq even before 9/11.
This website has a lot to read, and a lot to learn also.
Read, learn, and understand, how this once great nation will someday rise up again in this great world, and lead the entire world to a more peaceful place for all people,and I do mean all nations, and all the people of the world..
"zfacts.com"
on controversial issues
Peace to all
No. No nation should be leading the world. Nations should be good citizens, like the people who inhabit them. It will not be this nation that leads the world to a more peaceful place, it will be the people of all nations.