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Life Without Bubbles
Whatever the new administration does, we're in for months, perhaps even a year, of economic hell. After that, things should get better, as President Obama's stimulus plan - O.K., I'm told that the politically correct term is now "economic recovery plan" - begins to gain traction. Late next year the economy should begin to stabilize, and I'm fairly optimistic about 2010.
But what comes after that? Right now everyone is talking about, say, two years of economic stimulus - which makes sense as a planning horizon. Too much of the economic commentary I've been reading seems to assume, however, that that's really all we'll need - that once a burst of deficit spending turns the economy around we can quickly go back to business as usual.
In fact, however, things can't just go back to the way they were before the current crisis. And I hope the Obama people understand that.
The prosperity of a few years ago, such as it was - profits were terrific, wages not so much - depended on a huge bubble in housing, which replaced an earlier huge bubble in stocks. And since the housing bubble isn't coming back, the spending that sustained the economy in the pre-crisis years isn't coming back either.
To be more specific: the severe housing slump we're experiencing now will end eventually, but the immense Bush-era housing boom won't be repeated. Consumers will eventually regain some of their confidence, but they won't spend the way they did in 2005-2007, when many people were using their houses as ATMs, and the savings rate dropped nearly to zero.
So what will support the economy if cautious consumers and humbled homebuilders aren't up to the job?
A few months ago a headline in the satirical newspaper The Onion, on point as always, offered one possible answer: "Recession-Plagued Nation Demands New Bubble to Invest In." Something new could come along to fuel private demand, perhaps by generating a boom in business investment.
But this boom would have to be enormous, raising business investment to a historically unprecedented percentage of G.D.P., to fill the hole left by the consumer and housing pullback. While that could happen, it doesn't seem like something to count on.
A more plausible route to sustained recovery would be a drastic reduction in the U.S. trade deficit, which soared at the same time the housing bubble was inflating. By selling more to other countries and spending more of our own income on U.S.-produced goods, we could get to full employment without a boom in either consumption or investment spending.
But it will probably be a long time before the trade deficit comes down enough to make up for the bursting of the housing bubble. For one thing, export growth, after several good years, has stalled, partly because nervous international investors, rushing into assets they still consider safe, have driven the dollar up against other currencies - making U.S. production much less cost-competitive.
Furthermore, even if the dollar falls again, where will the capacity for a surge in exports and import-competing production come from? Despite rising trade in services, most world trade is still in goods, especially manufactured goods - and the U.S. manufacturing sector, after years of neglect in favor of real estate and the financial industry, has a lot of catching up to do.
Anyway, the rest of the world may not be ready to handle a drastically smaller U.S. trade deficit. As my colleague Tom Friedman recently pointed out, much of China's economy in particular is built around exporting to America, and will have a hard time switching to other occupations.
In short, getting to the point where our economy can thrive without fiscal support may be a difficult, drawn-out process. And as I said, I hope the Obama team understands that.
Right now, with the economy in free fall and everyone terrified of Great Depression 2.0, opponents of a strong federal response are having a hard time finding support. John Boehner, the House Republican leader, has been reduced to using his Web site to seek "credentialed American economists" willing to add their names to a list of "stimulus spending skeptics."
But once the economy has perked up a bit, there will be a lot of pressure on the new administration to pull back, to throw away the economy's crutches. And if the administration gives in to that pressure too soon, the result could be a repeat of the mistake F.D.R. made in 1937 - the year he slashed spending, raised taxes and helped plunge the United States into a serious recession.
The point is that it may take a lot longer than many people think before the U.S. economy is ready to live without bubbles. And until then, the economy is going to need a lot of government help.
- Posted in




23 Comments so far
Show AllHow much of the US exports are the toxic investments or other financial creations like the ones that have brought us down? How much of our exports are credit default swaps? What percentage of our exports are weapons? Just as manufactured products represent only 12% of our GDP; what percentage of our exports involve added value of labor?
Unless you produce something, have you created any value? If we use it, shouldn't we build it?
another article on economics without any discussion of the planet...where the hell will Product come from in the future? again, we don't really need the things we're offered to buy, and can't afford the resources to make them in the first place...the model fails...how can this thinking continue to be given credibility?
Sioux Rose
DUBET: Good point. About 5 years ago a friend invited me over to hear a DVD about an interesting post-brain researcher who had abandoned the ivory walls to study with the Inca medicine men of Peru. One important point he mentioned that hit me intensely was that the Bible story of Adam & Eve is the ONLY CREATION MYTH that throws the lovers OUT of the GARDEN. He used this as a context for explaining the antithetical relationship human beings raised by Judeo-Christian cultures/families have to nature. It is a thing. When the understanding of "Natural Capitalism" was shared, it at least brought into awareness what the REPLACEMENT costs of things like forests and streams, things human beings too easily take for granted, would be. Most persons trained by Western academe carry the prejudices I just related because the separation of church and state is a relatively new phenomenon, and its vestiges profoundly (if covertly) influence what is taught, and the perspective ("God gave man DOMINION OVER nature") it's taken from.
The wise man related above is Dr. Alberto Villoldo.
Just imagine a stimulus package that put people to work building windmills from Dakota to Texas and along the east and west coasts with accompanying transmission lines. Imagine what we could accomplish with nearly limitless low cost energy for heating, autos, and lots more (and especially for good tunes).Imagine rail improvements with short-run semi truck hubs. Imagine more public transit and at higher speeds. Why not have an all out war-like effort, a new moon-shot, what the hell are we waiting for?
how about transforming old, closed factories into places to produce windmills in the rust belt? i'm just going where the abandoned factories and unemployed people are.
as for the rest of your vision, it looks good.
for peace and sustainability
Krugman is much too optimistic.
Wage deflation is underway because aggregate demand is crashing and there is no way around it. Our economy needs to be entirely restructured to meet our new paradigm. That new paradigm is that we spent too much over the last 30 years amassing 350% of GDP or $50 trillion in aggregate U.S. debt and that debt bubble has been popped by this banking crisis.
The new paradigm is a lower standard of living for all which is why the well off will have to be asked for much more in the way of taxes. The taxes must be used to build a platform under the public including Medicare for All, longer unemployment benefits and much higher wage cutoffs for food stamps, housing and day care. It may even go so far as a shortened work week from here on out. A public utility banking model will address funding new and extended programs as well as set the stage for a sustainable economy.
Krugman hints at what he must know, that our economic model is broken and that without radical changes we fall deeper and deeper into negative growth.
mmckini hits the nail on the head with far more honesty than Paul Krugman.
"Our economy needs to be entirely restructured to meet our new paradigm" ......."The new paradigm is a lower standard of living for all which is why the well-off will have to be asked for much more in taxes".
Who in politics today dares to say such words? What talking heads on TV dare to say such words?
The new paradigm is all about industrial and financial capitalism being unsustainable in it's present form. It is an acceleration system that knows no breaks.
The inherent nature of corporate capitalism is designed to meet the ever increasing demands of financial speculators. This compels ever increasing corporate expansion, ever increasing market share and ever increasing profits. In many cases, the corporation just expands beyond control and becomes blinded by its’ own folly of greed and in some cases drives off a cliff. And this has been done at enormous public expense by the Enron’s and AIG’s of America.
Our entire capitalistic culture needs a revisit of realism mixed with sincere humanism. The unholy alliance between corporations and government has even justified the ever expanding military industrial complex. The insatiable need for unending profit is destroying the very social and spiritual fabric of America. It does not plan well for the future of our planet.
What I fear most is that "the great minds" President Elect Obama is putting together have great allegiance to unlimited economic growth. That is what I fear after the recovery begins to come back. Economic planners will have to find ways through taxation to restrain the acceleration system of major corporations because it is not sustainable.
I forsee a cycle of inflation, crash, inflation, crash. If that goes on long enough there will be demand for fundamental reform. The US is so hooked it will take a lot to change the thinking. We should change the name to Bubbleland.
One of the best comments I've read. Concise, to the point and totally accurate.
-- ekaton aka d.k.shaw
Yeah. You would think that three+ percent growth every year was the Eleventh Commandment.
With the drastic shift of wealth away from America’s workers toward the elite there will be no demand fueled economic recovery until there is an increase in real wages for the Middle Class and working poor.
Secondly simply throwing money at the problem (economic stimulus) isn’t going to be nearly as effective as it was in the past due to improvements in efficiency. (One worker with modern tools and equipment is far more productive than 5 or 10 or 20 workers would have been in the 1930’s.)
However there are areas of the economy that by nature are labor intensive that are also in dire need of additional resources. Foremost is care for the elderly, “for profit” nursing homes that cater mostly to low or no income patients are woefully understaffed. Many elderly that do not require nursing home care could use more assistance in their homes seeing that they receive decent meals, take their meds on time, get help around the house and a hundred other necessities that become too much too handle as one ages.
A second area that needs expansion is health care. The “for profit” health care system has priced millions of Americans out of receiving regular health care. Simply seeing to it that every person gets access to medical services would require a dramatic increase in health care providers.
A third area of the economy that isn’t getting the resources it needs is the environment. In a story that only the Chicago newspapers reported Indiana’s Governor, Mitch Daniels, recently did away with the enforcement division of the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. Yep, even if inspectors find evidence that a company is polluting there isn’t anybody to prosecute the case, cause, ya’know, that a polluter that gets a notification of a violation ALWAYS CLEANS UP THEIR ACT. Back to the subject… Many micro-environmental projects like erosion control, habit restoration, cleaning up abandoned cars, buildings, machinery, etc are ignored simply because there is no money allocated for the projects. Using economic stimulus funds for these projects would be money well spent.
Yes, America’s infrastructure is in need of being upgraded. But as mentioned above, due to increases in productivity, these upgrades will not have the widespread economic impact they would have had only a generation ago. Too many of the “usual suspects” like construction giant Bechtel, are slobbering all over themselves like pigs at the trough waiting to gobble up these funds, If you compared the percentage of money spent for labor verses capital equipment on this type of project today, verses a generation ago, you would find that a much smaller portion goes to labor.
The trouble is that there is nobody to lobby for an economic stimulus package of the type I describe. If, as I suspect, the lobbyists get to decide how the stimulus package is diveyed-up way too much will go to companies like Bechtel.
If that happens Krugman is way, way, way too optimistic in thinking there will be a turn-around after only one year.
First, "cautious consumers" is a silly word combo - how about "smart, mature consumers" who have learned, finally, that buying tons of useless crap and living beyond means is not, in fact, even in the same neighborhood as the road to happiness.
What PK is saying is this: there is no Plan B if "consumers" do indeed grow up and get smart, seeing as how 70% of the economy is presently supported by dumb, immature stuff-mongers.
Second, PK suggests a Plan A.5: "By selling more to other countries and spending more of our own income on U.S.-produced goods..." Except, er, sell what? What the f**k do we make in this country that other countries actually want (besides shitty movies and shittier TV shows)? And expecting Americans to buy more US goods - again, what goods exactly? Plus, even when countries export tainted food and toys, we keep buying from said countries, which suggests there's no reason to ever expect Americans to suddenly start "buying American," even if we did actually make anything.
There was a pop song from the early 1920' called "I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles":
I'm forever blowing bubbles,
Pretty bubbles in the air,
They fly so high, nearly reach the sky,
Then like my dreams they fade and die.
That's the United States now, blowing bubbles, hustling, hustling, hustling, always trying to get something for nothing, then having those bubbles explode (not burst) in our faces. This song should be made the new National Anthem.
My oldest son, the smartest person I personally know, said 20 years ago that our future lies in technology. He was right. A high wage country (with it's concurrent high prices) cannot compete with countries who pay pennies on the dollar to it's workers. Unfortunately we've been dismantling access to institutions of higher learning. In introducing his science team, Obama pointed out the need to focus on science and technology and has made repeated references to the need to convert to a green economy. I think he gets it. We need to restructure our economy away from a consumer economy. Just imagine TV commercials filled with "Think Green" instead of "Buy Junk".
I don't know Paul Krugman personally, but have listened to him for many years and trust his opinions. I only recently learned he is a Noble Laureate and hope the Obama team is paying attention to his opinion. Certainly I was appalled that Obama chose for his economic team the very people who got us into this mess, while personally enormously profiting from it (the team, not Obama). There ought to be a law. I am choosing to trust Obama for now, because he is extremely smart and ran a well organized, highly successful campaign. I'm waiting to see if he can do the same as President. He didn't always make the choices I would have made, but his turned out to be right.
When the people fear their government there is tyranny,
when the government fears the people there is liberty.
~ Thomas Jefferson
>>A high wage country (with it's concurrent high prices) cannot compete with >>countries who pay pennies on the dollar to it's workers. Unfortunately we've been >>dismantling access to institutions of higher learning. In introducing his science >>team,
Is living a good life only for the bright and technologically savvy? What are the not as bright for; slavery? I tire of the, "compete, compete, compete", tack.
A little more cooperation and a little less scrapping to be at the top of the heap would go a long way to making a better world. If there aren't enough resources for the majority of people to live well, then we had better revisit restraining population growth or that will be one heck of a bubble when it pops.
Long time no hear - is it Kathy? The science appointments are moving us out of the age of Merlin and witch burning. Hilda Solis may bring us green jobs, allowing for the production of something real rather than speculation and usury. Holder may move us back up to the 12th century if he revives habeas corpus. There is so much wreckage to repair, it is good to have some sane appointments with field related education and experience.
I find many appointments dismaying. Best hope is that the expertise of those who have history as military, oil company and banking insiders will be tapped to solve problems in a new and better way.
One can hope, but the probability is that nothing will change much unless we make it change by replacing the useless slippery sloppery opportunists and clowns in Congress with people who have told the truth in the past and stood with us for what is right.
Joe
Paul Krugman did not mention anything about raising wages and having a progressive taxation to put some money in the hands of the people and lower taxes
on the average Joe and reduce the staggering gap between the super-rich and
the average citizen.
Continuing basing the economy on consumer spending is a call to a repeat bubble.
People have stuff especially clothes which are enough for several life times.
We need a shift in thinking and not tinkering with the old way of thinking.
For a starter how about nationalizing the Federal Reserve and the rest of the
banks and having a single national bank owned by the people.
We would all be better off if the executive-pay bubble would burst. Executives are way over valued and manual labor and menial labor are way undervalued.
This is really very simple. Until funds start going to the workers who actually produce things instead of investment bubbles, it's a downward spiral.
Productivity figures have been up over the past decade, so where are the corresponding salary increases for the working class? If we keep putting our gains into bubbles instead of people, then this is what we get.
To paraphrase the 1992 Clinton campaign slogan: "It's the Wages, Stupid!"
"Productivity figures have been up over the past decade, so where are the corresponding salary increases for the working class?"
The source of increased productivity is technology, not workers working harder and faster.
"The point is that it may take a lot longer than many people think before the U.S. economy is ready to live without bubbles."
Before the U.S. economy is ready to live without bubbles......or before the President and Congress demand that the Federal Reserve stop creating bubbles?
Here's a little quote from Federal Reserve Chairman, Ben Bernanke:
"Our mission, as set forth by the Congress is a critical one: to preserve price stability, to foster maximum sustainable growth in output and employment, and to promote a stable and efficient financial system that serves all Americans well and fairly."
As reality would have it, the Federal Reserve Bank has miserably failed it's alleged mission on an ongoing basis for the past 30 years. This private entity should be dismantled immediatley and replaced with a system that serves "ALL AMERICANS well and FAIRLY".
jonabark
Krugman is ok at dispelling certain lies. Not so good at imagining the details of substantive change.
So far he continues to ignore:
1)the problems of the bailout( including the elaborated critiques of other economists, who don't exist in this supposedly communication age of collegial exchange)
2) the earth as a biological reality. This does not appear to exist in Krugman's world and because of this neither do peak oil, climate crisis, devastation of ocean species and rainforests, unsustainable fossil fuel dependent agricultural monocultures, toxic releases of poisons
3) living wages for all workers
4)the enormous waste of military spending the ultimate make work, then make hell program
5) the corrupting power of corporate interests on Democrats as well as Republicans.
As far as I can see, he consistently ignores these things and panders to the same dream that Obama holds up. Your kids will go to COLLEGE, and through the magic of education become rich and infinitely upwardly mobile. Sure, we might have some rough days, less dining out for those of us without high pay jobs but the hardy middle class will fight their way back to the land of happy motoring. Never mind those wars, the chemical spills, the little nuclear accidents, or all those whose mobility is into the meat packing plants, the burger stands, secretary desks, the jobs selling shit that doesn't work or make you happy. Keep the dream alive, the golden dream of bigger houses, bigger TVs, bigger cars, bigger stereos, more booze, .... wait no no littler cars, littler stereos, littler computers with bigger harddrives. What a wonderful life. Every time you hear a boom box rattling the neighborhood or a stewardess telling you about the safety features of this airplane an angel gets his or her wings.