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How Elite Media Strategies Marginalize the Occupy Movement
I took the decision by Foreign Affairs to report on the Occupy Wall Street protests as a sign that the movement was having some success. Not surprisingly, however, this favorite journal of foreign policy pundits offers “expert” commentary that reinforces a theme that has dominated corporate media coverage of the OWS movement. Rory McVeigh’s online essay, “How Occupy Wall Street Works” presents a highly misleading image of OWS protests that reinforces the mainstream media representation of most left-wing political protests as disorganized, violence-prone mobs. Despite the writer’s scholarly credentials, the account neglects a large body of relevant research.
Despite popular and media images, extensive research documents the fact that mass movements are by and large nonviolent in nature. Some, such as the Indian Nationalist movement and the U.S. Civil Rights movement embraced nonviolent principles for moral and spiritual reasons, while many others are largely pragmatic. Also, most research on protest shows that when violence occurs, it is virtually always initiated by authorities. While McVeigh is correct that often individuals or small groups take advantage of mass protests and initiate violence, it is important to recognize that activists themselves—including those in the Occupy Wall Street movement-- have developed and advanced strategies to minimize risks of violence and to isolate individuals using such tactics. There are accounts of this being done in protests ranging from the 1999 anti-WTO protests to the recent protests ofindignados in Spain. Activists in the Occupy Wall Street movement have engaged in extensive discussions of their nonviolence principles and have been developing methods to enforce them at actions and in the camps.
McVeigh also claims that the 1999 anti-WTO protest in Seattle was unsuccessful, and that this failure is because protesters “failed to effectively manage violence.” As someone who has researched and written on this protest and the larger global justice movement of which it is part, I think it is crucial to set the record straight here. First, the claim regarding the “success” of the anti-WTO protests is debatable on several fronts. The “Battle in Seattle” was one of several contributing factors that led to the breakdown of international trade talks in the WTO from which the organization has still not recovered. Moreover, this protest marked the start of a continuing wave of mobilizations against the inequities of the globalized economy that has been building around the world for well over a decade through, for instance, the World Social Forums and their hundreds of national, regional, and local counterparts. The Occupy Wall Street protests should be seen as part of this mobilization against the policies that have fueled economic globalization. A closer look at participants in the Occupy Wall Street efforts would show extensive overlaps with individuals and organizations that have been informed by, if not active in, these earlier struggles.
Second, the suggestion in McVeigh’s piece that Seattle protesters initiated violence contradicts extensive evidence pinning the blame for the violence on the Seattle police. An official inquiry deemed the “Battle in Seattle” effectively a police riot, and former police chief Norm Stamper has confessed--and other observers witnessed--that it was police use of tear gas that triggered violent responses from a small number of protesters. Stamper further observed that “My support for a militaristic solution caused all hell to break loose… gas filled the streets, with some cops clearly overreacting, escalating and prolonging the conflict.” What is more, social movement researchers have documented what Stamper notes is a dangerous trend towards more militarized forms of policing that both undermine democracy and fuel protest-related violence (See, e.g., della Porta, Donatella and Herbert Reiter, Ed(s). 1998. Policing Protest: The Control of Mass Demonstrations in Western Democracies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press).
Nevertheless, mainstream media have helped perpetuate the false notion that political protesters (at least those on the left) are the cause of violence. Illustrating the active role mainstream media have played in advancing this image, the The New York Timesprinted an erroneous article stating that anti-WTO protesters in Seattle threw Molotov cocktails at police. Pressure from supporters of the movement led the paper to retract the statement two days later, “but the original error persisted in later accounts in the mainstream media.”
Accounts that reinforce the dominant but incorrect stereotype of protests as violent and dangerous events instill fear and suspicion in public discourse and discourage non-activists from participating in movements. Moreover, the dismissal of previous protest movements and the failure to recognize how past organizing work has advanced the knowledge, skills, networks, and resources available to the Occupy Wall Street protests reinforces the mainstream story line that popular efforts to organize for social change are weak, sporadic, and ineffective. This cynical representation of movements plays into the hands of defenders of the status quo (a.k.a. “the 1%”) by dampening people’s sense that political engagement is potentially effective and therefore worthwhile.
The problem of extreme inequality is a result of the systemic practices tied to economic globalization, and it has done great violence to countless millions around the world. We have been privileged in the United States to have been insulated from the worst effects of this inequality until quite recently. Any serious attempt to understand the Occupy Wall Street movement must look critically at the assumptions behind mainstream media portrayals of these protests and focus on the real violence that is being done by a system that has long worked to benefit very few at the expense of the many. Professionals offering commentary for elite media outlets like Foreign Affairs should be mindful of the elite agendas behind these publications and resist being framed by these agendas. They should also refrain from commenting on movements without engaging in research that extends beyond mainstream media reports themselves.
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24 Comments so far
Show AllSay it again, Jackie! Bravo !
Damn it, can we step away from the wonking intellectual bs about the movement? Yes she could have completed her thoughts in a sentence or two...but what pisses me off, hello, there's a big thing happening on the west coast and y'all are sittin here reading this blah blah. Shorten it so we can get on to other stuff. And please, don't say it again unless you say it shorter...and a little more real. And tell us something we don't already hear all over. Are you even talking to the people in the streets?
p.s. your title doesn't really speak to current much either, history yuppr, NOW
You don't think it's important to point out how MSM is accomplishing the marginalization of left wing activism? I for one learned from this article that the 90's Seattle demonstrators not only did not initiate the violence but also succeeded in damaging the WTO, damage "from which it has yet to recover." Of course you know all about this (?? pardon me if I doubt it), but I didn't and I now feel somewhat more hopeful.
"but what pisses me off, hello, there's a big thing happening on the west coast and y'all are sittin here reading this blah blah." Can't walk and chew gum at the same time? Because of this "big thing on the west coast" we all have to go google-eyed and drop everything else?
"p.s. your title doesn't really speak to current much either, history yuppr, NOW" Huh? So currently elite media is NOT marginalizing Occupy? Talk about time wasting barely coherent blah blah blah. If you don't want to read wonking intellectual stuff, go away. And take your arrogance with you.
Butting in here if I may. I don't think it is very important to endlessly "point out how MSM is accomplishing the marginalization of left wing activism." That is predicated on some expectation that it could ever be otherwise.
It is not really a matter of walking and chewing gum at the same time. Rather we are being pressured to only chew gum and to never walk. There are lots of gum chewers and not very many walkers. Every time someone urges us to walk, the gum chewers tell us "we can do both." In theory yes. In practice, gum chewing - working within the system - always drives our talk about walking - organizing, mobilizing and resisting - because it is safer and because it leaves intact people's assumptions about the system, leading them to believe that it can be "made to work."
Yes, when working class people take a stand anywhere we should "go google-eyed and drop everything else." Of course.
As someone who was in Seattle in 99, I can attest that Jackie Smith is right on target. Great quote from Seattle Chief of Police Stamper. " My support of a military solution caused all hell to break loose". That sums up the Battle in Seattle. There would have been no so called "battle" without the police provocation, but it made great headlines and was a way to demonize the protesters and their message about the WTO . Kudo's to Common Dreams and Jackie Smith for a truthful article about the battle in Seattle.
That was 12 years ago and this movement is way beyond that, and most of the kids in the streets were toddlers then. Come on...can we UPDATE The Battle in Seattle was just a precursor to what is happening now. So let's talk about now instead of patting the lovely historian for her intellect.
Your contempt for the past, for history is almost laughable. You can't wrap your mind around the thought that without Seattle OWS might never have happened? And if the current occupiers were toddlers then, it means that the Seattle demonstrators could have been and some probably were their parents.
"That was 12 years ago and this movement is way beyond that". In what way? What global institution on a par with the WTO has beeen damaged - or even affected in any way at all - by OWS?
"So let's talk about now instead of patting the lovely historian for her intellect." A closet misogynist are we? Why in the world are you posting here? You are contributing only negativity to discussions at CD.
I remember Seattle and it wasn't the protesters that were violent. And the May Day 2007 protests you don't hear much about the 13 million dollar settlement for civil rights abuses that LA paid out.
I think it's like the lies about Iraq leading up to the war: If you say it often and loud enough many will believe you, even if you have no proof. With the Occupy movement too many of us are aware that the only health hazard they present is to the status quo of the 01%.
Have we forgotten Kent State? I haven't.
The first step in solving a problem is accurately describing and understanding it. People have to know exactly what they're opposing so that they may develop effective strategies for defeating it. It does little good and some harm to characterize the protests in Seattle and OWS as against "inequality" and "globalization." Inequality and globalization are consequences of capitalism's normal, profitable, unfettered operation. The protests and movements are in one way or another are profound expressions of opposition to this and the complete capture of the US political sphere by capital.
Capital's internationalization in pursuit of greater profit involves US workers' jobs moving to lower wage countries. US workers are placed into direct competition with low wage countries workers through "free" trade agreements. Inequality is the result of the conscious policies of the last 30 years to redistribute income upward away from the working class to the capitalist class.
People need to recognize that capitalism is ultimately responsible for the present economic crisis that created massive US unemployment, nearly unprecedented income inequality and all the phenomena associated with the euphemism "globalization." The main opponent in this struggle is capitalism and the consequences of its normal, profitable operation. We will never win or make significant progress in this struggle until people realize this and develop productive tactics and strategies for combating or overthrowing capitalism.
Excellent post.
You are talking about Capitalism as an actual phenomenon. Most here think the word "Capitalistic" is about a belief system, and then will argue about what it "really" is or how we should define the word - as though the definition of the word or our beliefs about the word (actually our feelings) could change the reality.
We can see how absurd the arguments are that are used here every in defense of Capitalism if we substitute the word "slavery" with the word "Capitalism."
"It is unregulated slavery that is the problem. We need regulated slavery."
"It isn't slavery that is the problem. It is vertical hierarchies."
"Anyone can be against slavery, but what is their alternative?"
"It is the big plantations that are the problem, not slavery itself. We need small, local de-centralized slavery."
"It not slavery that is the problem, it is human nature."
"Like it or not, slavery has always existed."
"We need a blend of slavery and socialism."
"I don't agree with your definition of slavery,"
"I feel that slavery is a neutral tool that can be used for good or for evil."
"You have an agenda - the overthrow of slavery - so everything you say is just to promote your agenda. and cannot be taken seriously."
"Some of the people who fought to overthrow slavery turned out to be tyrants."
"Sure, there are some abuses in slavery. But it has also created a lot of prosperity."
"We need to work within the system of slavery to make progress. That's the reality, whether you like it or not."
"I used to be against slavery back when I was in college and rad all of the books. The I grew up and faced reality."
"Both sides are dangerous - the slavery supporters and the slavery opponents. I favor a moderate position, and so do most people."
Terrific restructuring of the dialog.
But, there is a mindset, a perverse uncaring worldview, which is a product of capitalism. stewarjt mentions the jobs being off-shored. The good capitalist u.s. citizens never minded that so many other people lived in abject poverty until poverty found its way into their homes. Those who are financially comfortable still sit and watch their neighbors drop one by one. The fabled middle class still turn their backs on the downtrodden. The good citizens were conditioned to not care by media and the exulted education system, both of which promoted capitalism and denied all merit in any other system. They can't get past "me".
Hunger will inspire them to consider another way.
Excellent post.
In the US capitalism and communism are regarded by the media and probably most people with the fervor and closed mindedness of religion, rather than economic systems which can rationally be discussed.
TA,
I write very little here on cd but I do read as much as I possibly can. I would write more (structured/formal) but, being a house slave, the master keeps me busy looking after his affairs. (And there are those troublesome field slaves to contend with) When the master's work is done (and I send the invoice) I am either too cynical to post what I observe or I am just too depressed to bother.
There are a handful of writers here on cd that I always read. Why? Because I always learn something from what they post. You, my friend, are definitely one of those writers.
Thank You TA. Keep on making this house slave uncomfortable.
Thomas Gilbert-
The marginalization of the Occupy movements goes beyond Elite media and infects grassroots online news forums too. Maybe this is the result of a few commenters hearing and reading things in the elite media and then spreading this BS in online forums. Or maybe they are paid to disseminate BS propaganda. I dunno... there could be quite a few reasons why, and quite a few different types of people who would come to a progressive website to try to undermine a progressive movement.
In Sheldon Wolin's amazing book, "Democracy Incorporated" he had a chapter that explained demotic movements. There was a particularly brilliant insight, among hundreds of others of his, that caught my attention. He was writing about the popular uprisings and protests of the 1930's. The insight was related to what the power-holders had learned from these populist movements.
Wolin writes... "Each movement was received coolly by the New Deal leadership and kept at arm's length. The lesson for the political establishments of the major parties was that "mobilization" should be carefully controlled so as to preclude its becoming a challenge to the far narrower notions of popular participation represented by the two major party organizations."
In other words, the popular movements taking place in the US right now threaten the two major parties. And that scares the shit out them. Hence, the plethora of party hacks, and status-quo guardians here on CD trying to undermine these popular movements.
I originally wrote about this when a commenter here at CD was attempting to undermine a comparison I had made to the occupy movement and to the insights that MLK had about why the protests of the civil rights movement were important. After this persons condescending little screed he concluded with, "Camps and protest serve NOTHING. Votes do."
Is this either a blatant attempt to try and re-write history to serve some ulterior purpose? Or is this simply showing that this person is a complete dunce when it comes to understanding history? I tend to think it is the former because this person has posted here many times and comes off as a very educated person.
But, more importantly, look at what these two short sentences do. First, it is a clear attempt to undermine the occupy movement. And, second, it works to mobilize people back to the two-party system. It also gives us an either/or. Why can't we do both?
Excellent, thought-provoking posts: STEWARJ, Two Americas & Eric A. Blair
Truth is the first casualty of war
With very few exceptions, the so-called American 'mainstream media' are corporate propaganda outlets, as are the more narrow establishment specialized journals such as Foreign Affairs. That they would produce sloppily reported hit pieces is merely a matter of course. That Occupy Wall Street has garnered the attention of so much of the propaganda apparatus of the elite is a sure sign that it has scared them to their very core...and that is good.
There's definitely truth to the idea that a picture is worth 1000 words. I don't know if it's a purposeful black-out (I presume it is), or that the little I view of mainstream media makes it clear that it's attempting to thoroughly marginalize this movement; however, if one looks up METONIA films, the forum's "Durrutix" has come up with a new documentary that shows impressive footage of the thousands gathered in streets in numerous nations. Somehow SEEING the reality of this, the thousands upon thousands protesting globalism and the way a handful of elite interests have managed to use the banks to bludgeon The People, is beyond hopeful. I see human beings operating like an ocean of ants powerful enough in their numbers to rumble the foundations of the old hierarchy. It's matured to the point where so few control so much that, as I've often stated in this forum, we're living witnesses to the world's people being morphed into slaves while a number of enormous corporations play the role of modern pharaohs. It's BREATH TAKING to see so many waking up at the same time. This genii will NOT go back in the bottle. The question is, how much violence will elites (and their government enablers) use in efforts to seek that ends; and how much will they then use media to suggest that any use of violence had its provocation in those prominently placed inside the protest groups. Who will still believe them?
The propaganda has been constant since television has become the main purveyor of "reality'' and news in America.
The Foreign Affairs hit piece is an example of how the television echo chamber receives its intellectual firepower ."Experts'' who quote academics who quote historians who are all well paid and feted to maintain the technocracy.
It should be instantaneous for the people to recognize that an establishment, that fails to respect the people's right to self-rule, is corrupt and deserves to be confronted and dismantled ASAP.
1. I spent the best week of my life in Seattle in '99--best because my dream of the world's citizens uniting to struggle against our common oppressors was a living, breathing reality for an entire week.
2. I did see protesters throw an orange traffic cone once, and they rolled garbage dumpsters toward police (that I saw on TV). I didn't happen to see the "black bloc" spraying graffiti and breaking shop windows, because I didn't happen to pass that stretch of downtown during the hour, perhaps, that it happened.
3. That evening, back at the place we stayed, we watched local TV news, rotating between 3 Seattle stations. All featured the same scenes, consisting almost entirely of the "violence" of the Black Bloc and sometimes of the police attacking the 5000 direct action people who were blockading the 13 entrances of the convention center--thus actually preventing the meeting from taking place. Toward the end of the hour there was a 2-second shot of the 40,000 people peacefully marching (mostly labor but including people from various movements all over the world including a group doing a skit on Korean oppressions, once per block, and a man from somewhere in South America arrayed in a gorgeous costume of feathers--unfortunately I was out of film at that point). So, 5000 direct action people are shown only in apparent battles with police (you can't tell from TV clips how one-sided the violence was) nobody interviewed about WHY they were there; 40,000 people almost entirely ignored; and somewhere between a handful and several dozen vandals depicted in 80% of the coverage. This begs the question, how many were agents provocateur? We'll never know.
4. I attended the 2002 World Social Forum and led a workshop of Corporate Control of Mainstream Media. Attendees from a dozen countries told similar stories of deliberately biased media--the only different ones were I think Turkey, where journalists were often jailed, and Philippines where supposedly media would threaten exposes until politicians bribed them not to.
5. In Genoa a few years ago, there was a claim that "black clad anarchists" were filmed hopping out of a police van at the beginning of a day of protests. They smashed car windows and small shops, then as the (uniformed) police moved in, they moved on to the next group of demonstrators, while the police violently attacked peaceful protesters. If the media did their job right, it looked like a righteous response to violent protesters smashing small businesses.
6. The last evening I was in Seattle, I attended a meeting of a Cuban American group, in which the Cuban delegation reported first, that the group had attempted, with a large youth contingent, to approach the convention center Tuesday and found the barricades--but they thought an uprising in the US was a wonderful thing. The protesters, seeing that this was the Cuban delegation, allowed them to pass. And, someone read aloud the text of the declaration of the Latin American and Caribbean countries refusing to sign on to the agreement. We read about this the next morning, as the meeting broke up with no agreement--later read that some of these delegates said they were tired of being pushed around by the US/EU/Japan bloc, and heartened by the uprising in the streets. Not a success? Tell me another one!
CONCLUSION: Maybe some reporters are lazy, but it's clear that the biased coverage of protests, among other things, is the result of a deliberate policy. Marginalizing the OWS movement is a deliberate strategy, designed to keep the public at large quiet when protesters are dealt with in unconstitutional and violent ways, and designed to reduce the numbers joining protests.
Here's what I saw at the 2003 protest in San Franscisco against the invasion of Iraq. on the street behind the library, three maybe four guys with black t-shirts threw some rocks or bricks at some cars and broke a couple of windshields, then up the street about thirty cops were coming down the street and I thought, "oh boy, now those guys are going to get it." but they didn't try to run away at all, they ran right towards the cops and the cop line opened up, and those guys went right through them, and then the cops start yelling at people to move off the street. This only happened late in the day after the crowds thinned out. and the cops presented much more of a force. Had they showed up a couple of hours sooner, they would have been dwarfed by the crowd. I know there are fake anarchists. I absolutely know it. I witnesses it. Was SF some isolated event? Did it only happen that one time in history? I seriously doubt it. Look at the thugs that pass for law enforcement these days. Trained in Iraq and Afghanistan, Their superiors say that the protesters should feel lucky they're not in those countries. But how long will they be satisfied with pepper-spray, batons and tasers. Not long I think. Soon the shooting will start and once they get away with the first couple of murders it'll be open season. I consider them traitors and anti-American criminals hiding in uniform. And already the police are indistinguishable from the military. So it's going to get worse before it gets better. I don't say this to discourage anyone from participating in protests, but people need to know what they're up against. And please, don't bring you children.
I have been complaining about the "press" for almost 20 years now. As I have said many times in many different replies/posts in many places, that the Press has been failing in the RESPONSIBILITY that goes along with their RIGHTS. As I have also pointed out to many people in well over 10 yrs now, that we don't really have an Independent Press anymore. If you take a look at just about ALL of the major/big newspapers (I won't even get into the TV/radio media), they are all owned by 5 or 6 corporations.
So on top of taking away any type of independence, you also have them "deciding" which events are even "news-worthy", and then the bias/slant they give to whatever issues they do decide is "news" and/or "important". Then you have the shrill, loud , corporate voices on the right, with their constant whining about the "liberal media", when the facts show it's anything but liberal, and this article then points out the results that the corporate owned US government wants us to see. All the better, to control the peons/masses with.
That's why we have people like you to keep things straight and hold elite medias feet to the fire. Keep up the good work.