"This is the biggest finding of sexual abuse perpetrated during a single U.N. initiative in one area or one country during the time-bound period of a U.N. response effort," Paula Donovan, co-director of the Code Blue Campaign, which works to end sexual exploitation by U.N. peacekeepers, told the Associated Press. The AP previously reported on some allegations.
According to the panel:
The review team was able to obtain the identity of 83 alleged perpetrators. In 21 cases, the review team was able to establish with certainty that the alleged perpetrators were WHO employees during the response... The alleged perpetrators include both Congolese nationals and foreigners. The majority of the alleged perpetrators were Congolese staff hired on a temporary basis who took advantage of their apparent authority to obtain sexual favors.
Investigators documented nine allegations of rape. The youngest victim was believed to be only 13 years old. Some survivors reported that no protection was used. Six said they experienced miscarriages. Others shared accounts of alleged abusers coercing them into having an abortion.
Allegations of sexual abuse, exploitation, and harassment "were made against WHO doctors, consultants, and senior staff, some national and some international, as well as other medical staff who were deployed by the Ministry of Health and others," the report says.
The report notes allegations were also made against staff in the immunization and risk communication team, people working in human resources, drivers, and security staff. It adds that despite detailed accounts from victims, "the majority of alleged and identified perpetrators have simply denied the facts, even in the presence of corroborating evidence, when they have not simply taken refuge behind the argument of a 'consensual relationship.'"
Sophie Harman, a professor of international politics at Queen Mary University of London, warned that the panel's revelations may be just the beginning, telling the AP that "more cases are bound to come forward across the world."
Harman also called for a shift to focus on helping survivors, which she said requires not only prosecution of perpetrators but also "full accountability on the part of WHO leadership who knew about the rumors and reports, and yet took years to act on this issue."
WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus addressed the findings during a Tuesday press conference to unveil the report, which he said "makes for harrowing reading."
"The first thing I want to say is to the victims and survivors of the sexual exploitation and abuse described in the commission's report," Tedros said. "I'm sorry. I'm sorry for what was done to you by people who were employed by WHO to serve and protect you."
"I'm sorry for the ongoing suffering that these events must cause," he continued. "I'm sorry that you have had to relive them in talking to the commission about your experiences. Thank you for your courage in doing so. What happened to you should never happen to anyone. It is inexcusable."
Tedros said that "as the director-general, I take ultimate responsibility for the behavior of the people we employ, and for any failings in our systems that allowed this behavior," adding that "it is my top priority to ensure that the perpetrators are not excused, but are held to account."
The agency leader pledged that the WHO will take steps to support, protect, and ensure justice for the survivors; address management and staff failures; and reform structures and culture.
Some of those actions include banning identified perpetrators from future employment with the WHO, as well as notifying the broader U.N. system; terminating the contracts of four people identified as perpetrators who were still employed by the agency; and referring allegations of rape to authorities in Congo and, if applicable, the alleged perpetrators' countries.
The conduct described in the report "is a sickening betrayal of the people we serve," said Tedros. "But it's also a betrayal of our colleagues who put themselves in harm's way to serve others, including those who paid the ultimate price, killed by armed groups in North Kivu, while working to protect the health of vulnerable communities from Ebola."
Thanking the commission as well as journalists who previously reported on the abuse, he added that "this is a dark day for WHO--but by shining a light on the failures of individuals and the organization, we hope that the victims feel that their voices have been heard and acted on."
The National Sexual Assault Online Hotline is 1-800-656-HOPE (4673) and a live chat service is available at www.rainn.org. Both offer 24/7, free, and confidential support.
