Costa Rica is World's Greenest, Happiest Country
Latin American nation tops index ranking countries by ecological footprint and happiness of their citizens
Costa Rica is the greenest and happiest country in the world, according to a new list that ranks nations by combining measures of their ecological footprint with the happiness of their citizens.
Britain is only halfway up the Happy Planet Index (HPI), calculated by the New Economics Foundation (NEF), in 74th place of 143 nations surveyed. The United States features in the 114th slot in the table. The top 10 is dominated by countries from Latin America, while African countries bulk out the bottom of the table.
The HPI measures how much of the Earth's resources nations use and how long and happy a life their citizens enjoy as a result. First calculated in 2006, the second edition adds data on almost all the world's countries and now covers 99% of the world's population.
NEF says the HPI is a much better way of looking the success of countries than through standard measures of economic growth. The HPI shows, for example, that fast-growing economies such as the US, China and India were all greener and happier 20 years ago than they are today.
"The HPI suggests that the path we have been following is, without exception, unable to deliver all three goals: high life satisfaction, high life expectancy and 'one-planet living'," says Saamah Abdallah, NEF researcher and the report's lead author. "Instead we need a new development model that delivers good lives that don't cost the Earth for all."
Costa Ricans top the list because they report the highest life satisfaction in the world, they live slightly longer than Americans, yet have an ecological footprint that is less than a quarter the size. The country only narrowly fails to achieve the goal of what NEF calls "one-planet living": consuming its fair share of the Earth's natural resources.
The report says the differences between nations show that it is possible to live long, happy lives with much smaller ecological footprints than the highest-consuming nations.
The new HPI also provides the first ever analysis of trends over time for what are supposedly the world's most developed nations, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
OECD nations' HPI scores plummeted between 1960 and the late 1970s. Although there have been some gains since then, HPI scores were still higher in 1961 than in 2005.
Life satisfaction and life expectancy combined have increased 15% over the 45-year period for those living in the rich nations, but it has come at the cost of a 72% rise in their ecological footprint. And the three largest countries in the world - China, India and the US, which are aggressively pursuing growth-based development models - have all seen their HPI scores drop in that time.
The highest placed western nation is the Netherlands. People there live on average over a year longer than people in the US, and have similar levels of life satisfaction - yet their per capita ecological footprint is less than half the size. The Netherlands is therefore over twice as environmentally efficient at achieving good lives as the US, Nef says.
The report sets out a "Happy Planet Charter" calling for an unprecedented collective global effort to develop a "new narrative" of human progress, encourage good lives that don't cost the earth, and to reduce consumption in the highest-consuming nations - which it says is the biggest barrier to sustainable wellbeing.
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28 Comments so far
Show AllSeriously good comments on this article.
Yes, Moondoggy. Take care of Land, Earth. "She" is "momma", so take good care of "her".
And we don't need to own land to cultivate food. People can go out to fields of wild grasses not used by anyone, dig up some of that grass, and plant some crops. Not all municipalities would allow this, some will act like they're run by assh*oles and destroy the crops, but people can still try using such vacant land that's only growing wild grasses. That doesn't damage or destroy trees, bushes, ...; it's just grass fields.
The reader comments in this page are a bit of a confusing for info. or views on Costa Rica, though. peaceworker writes favourably of CR, but other people wrote unfavourably. peaceworker says he or she has been living in CR since 1994, so I tend to believe him or her over or more than the others; but are the others wholly mistaken about CR of today?
Indeed no need to own land to cultivate food. In fact, I've been growing a garden every year since I was 4 years old, 44 years now, and never have I grown it on land I owned.
Presently I'm living on land held in trust for future generations as an organic farm and nature preserve. Lucky me. But it's not "my" land. I don't "own" it. Yet it supplies much of our nutritional needs, and that of our neighbors, a percentage which grows with each passing year.
I have grown food for 44 years on land I did not own. Wow! What a rebel!
All I can say to that is "thank-you Mother Earth!"
I am a retired US citizen living in Costa Rica for about 10 years. I first came here on a Peace Conference in 1994 and was impressed by the people we met in government, Quakers who had developed the cloud forest in Monteverde, and others, including a former president who came in his shirt sleeves and talked to us for 2 hours. The current president, Oscar Arias, comes to the salon I go to, without security, and gets his hair cut.
I have seen changes discussed by some of the other commenters, and agree that there are some areas which have gotten worse. But, in general, more of the roads are good, (and they are constantly working on them) the climate is very pleasant, the prices are still good (Ticos don't beg you to buy) and the people I have contact with are some of the most responsible and helpful I have ever met. I have had people go out of their way in so many ways, and only smile and say "Mucho gusto" which is their better way of saying "You're welcome" or "my pleasure" than De Nada, or "It was nothing".
The taxis here are very affordable and they don't charge by how many people ride. If you tip, they smile and act surprised, and the tips in restaurants are already added in, at 10% so if you get great service, you can add to it, but I have never had any waiter frown if I didn't or couldn't do it.
The fact that there is no military attracted me, since I spent years working as Director of the Dallas Peace center, and knew that I would be more accepted here than in Texas, as a general rule. They do have universal health care, and my maid is able to go to her clinic and was diagnosed with diabetes, and has numerous follow ups with medications, all covered under the small fee she pays a month. Being a gringa, I use a private hospital CIMA, which is a sister to Baylor in Dallas, and have had excellent care. The prices are so much more affordable (for instance, an MRI for $400) with new equipment, that I get reimbursed by my insurance, but could still afford it, comparing it with airfare and other expenses to go back to the States for every thing. When I broke my shoulder in the States, it didn't heal as is should, and my Dr. here said I should go back for another surgery, since he didn't do that extensive a procedure. He was honest, and I appreciated it, although I didn't want to go back. (I ended up with a total shoulder replacement)/
The main thing that has been hard to watch is the increased number of firearms which have made their way into the country. The marital spats that used to cause bruises, now often end up killing. The increased drug trafficking from Colombia to Mexico through Costa Rica is putting a strain on the police, who are not paid a lot, and don't always have the experience in dealing with this level of violence.
But the government is working on the problem, tightening the laws for gun possession and working with the police in the communities to have the local people feel more empowered.
I knows this sounds like a overblown opinion, but I am also aware of the trash problem, the potholes, the increase in armed robberies, the lack of money to equip every school with the latest technology, but the fact that there is no military budget helps to fund the social programs here that work. And, there IS still a cottage industry here, with many people who live behind their stores, or restaurants, or pharmacies, especially in the rural areas and on the roads, where you can get an excellent meal and fresh fruit all year.
When I consider that Costa Rica has had an immigration from Nicaragua of 1 million, after the Contra Wars, and increased the population of Costa Rica from 3 million to 4 million, I am amazed at how the social services, healthcare and education has stretched itself to incorporate these refugees who fled with no job, no skills and little hope. They are very hard working people, and do mostly menial work or act as security guards, but they fill a need and can support their families now. And their children are in school, giving the families a chance at a future.
Anyway, come and see what can be done with less money and more "Pura Vida"!
I'll go now and see what's on CNN.
I guess I'd better close now and see what's on CNN.
Costa Rica's lack of an army gives it big advantages in terms of social spending and environmental protection, while in the US the military takes up half of GDP when all support is factored in. With no military, CR has thrived as other militarized countries around it declined. These have recently taken a left turn to become less dependent on foreign capital while providing improved social conditions.
Growth dependent business and exports makes CR vulnerable. Green tourism, agricultural exports and increasing population growth are at odds with each other. Immigration rates per area there are probably higher than in the US.
However, education is the key to population stabilization and Costa Rica has plowed the money it saves on armies into education and other vital social needs like healthcare. Better educated countries like CR have better wealth and power distribution.
Jared Diamond's studies have shown that isolated ancient sustainable societies kept the population density within the carrying capacity of an area through inter-tribal warfare and infanticide.
Others like the Maya and Easter Islanders perished when their population density exceeded the carrying capacity of the land, in the end often resorting to cannibalism. Fortunately, today's humane birth control methods preclude these ancient means of population control.
America's oligarchs want to keep people ignorant, frightened, drunk, propagandized, fighting among themselves, making war on poorer countries and on the edge, working so hard to survive they will have no time for protesting their government or demanding social benefits and human rights. And like other fallen empires, America's imperialistic and growth obsessions including population growth for cheaper labor, will be it's downfall.
I'd be willing to bet people live longer in France, Sweden, and Germany than they do in the Netherlands with their newly privatized health care. With Costa Rica, it's doing well for a Third World country, but with the poverty common to Third World countries, that wouldn't make it all that livable. It's social safety net wouldn't come close to that of industrialized countries, and thus it would have a higher crime rate, and surely be a more dangerous country to live in similar to the USA, which has no excuse of poverty, but just prostituted politicians to blame for its mess.
The USA has a well built prostituteacracy. Those with the money are the pimps who buy off the politicians to get what they want.
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In the Netherlands, every resident is given several hundred dollars per year for bicycles. There are bike paths everywhere.
The biggest problem with bikes - since they are everywhere - people just grab the nearest bike if it is not locked-up. When finished with the bike, they "park' them in the canals. Cleaning out the canals, clogged with bikes is a minor expense for happy, bicycle fit people.
Not to mention the great weed - makes that bike ride even more rewarding...
I all depends on what the definition of happiness is according to this group. I lived in Costa Rica for 2 years and made many "Tico" friends. The time I lived there which was in 73 & 74 things were much different that they are today. It reminds me of what happened to Hawaii in the 80's. Too much development and the locals were and are very resentful. The same thing is true with Costa Rica. The Government there likes to put a good face on for the rest of the world but there are many cracks in the facade. Tourism and overdevelopment can ruin any place over time.
laffingbear: "Tourism and overdevelopment can ruin any place over time." Hey, tell me about it. I live in Florida and there is practically nothing left of the "old Florida" that attracted so many here. And yet our state government is hell-bent to promote further tourism and development by removing any impediments to developers to finish their destruction of what is left of the state. Already a Florida "fishing village" is nothing but a remnant of a dimly-remembered past. As the oldsters die off, even that will be gone. Cry, the beloved country.
THis makes me weant to look up the types of industry or production that exists in Costa Rica.
I had a friend back in the late eigthies early ninties that went there for some months at a time- brought me back the best coffee I ever had. He loved the climate and he wanted to go live there some day. I think he ended up in California.
Any way, if only we could adopt more cottage industry type situations. People would be working from home. You could have real communities, with what you needed in yours. If there was something lacking, you could go to the next door communities to find, it. Maybe bartering would come back.
Yeah, I know this sounds like i'm delusional. No, I don't have all the answers. But, this scenario should be part of what we ultimately come up with.
Yet, it doesn't look like we will, at least not in time.
the MIC will make sure of that, along with the monster corporations.
When I was young, I fell for the faster life. It seemed anathema to me to sit on a farm,(which I grew up on) and while, the days away,(that's what it would have felt like to me).
When more and more stores stayed open on Sunday, that was great too. Then I moved to Long island and would go to Manhattan quite a bit. This seemed right- reach for the golden ring. My life sped faster and faster. I, however never did go full force into "the madness" as some, not even close. I was just faster than the people I left.
I thought, it was the right thing to do. Be responsible.I was seeking an education and a better life. But we get brainwashed by the consumer culture, in so many ways.
When I see commercials, now, I am so sickened by the fake "caring. Many have adopted the current changes, such as Americans saving money instead of buying etc. and made cute little commercials. Another is the trying to convince us that oil is green and coal is clean. The banks,too have their new saying " a bank should know too, referring to how kids can through a scam. I see through these commercials so easy now. Of course, one always had a somewhat critical eye on them, but now you see even deeper into how they pick up on what the collective has figured out, the understating of the day and turn it back on us. They use even that to scam us with funny cutsie pie or "truthful" commercials.
I've been very nostalgic lately and even had a dream about the fields and the sun that shone on them in my childhood.
Maybe I'm rambling on here but.. I hope some of you can find a point here.
woops, double post.
The point I see is that you are awakening from the hypnoses of the master mind controlling machine that has turned our society into a bunch of commuting, consumer, earn-and-spend zombies designed intentionally by, and exclusively for, the enrichment of a hand full of CEO's and their golfing buddies.
We need to get back to the land and quit supporting those people and their lavish lifestyle by growing our own food, and refusing to be suckered into buying their cheep plastic commercial garbage made in sweatshops half way around the world and shipped on huge cargo ships across the oceans.
I think the more important point is where we choose to spend our money. "Getting back to the land" is simply not an option for wage-earners.
But, there are many other ways to spend money than on all these "things" with high carbon footprints - cars, pickup trucks, ATV's, oversized motorcycles, oversized houses oversized TV's, electronic junk, or land in the country.
You can move to a city neighborhood and thereby live without a car at all, and spend your money on fresh food from the public markets, art, theater, musical performances, dining, or simply enjoying a perfectly free and zero-carbon stroll in the park. These are all considered "upper class" things, but one could buy a heck of a lot of opera tickets or meals in a good restaurant for the price of one of those "quads" or a Harley motorcycle. Plus, all the money spent in this manner stays local and has a very low carbon and ecological footprint. Many good restaurants in the city even go out of their way to use local produce and meat - at least the ones in my town do.
I think this is why the Netherlands (and probably most of Europe) have such smaller ecological footprints and much higher happiness indices - they spend their high incomes (EU minimum wage is equivalent to $16 per hr) on culture and good food rather than "stuff".
I pretty much agree with what you're saying except, ""Getting back to the land" is simply not an option for wage-earners". I'm a wage earner, and I got back to the land.
You think I'm some elitist fucker? I make only a few thousand dollars per year. I'm considered to be living in poverty, but I feel like I'm living like a king.
But there are other ways to permaculture your life than "owning" a piece of land. Even in a small apartment in the city you can grow edible plants in a window or balcony or even under lights. Vertical gardens in windows is taking root in cities all around the globe.
You can sprout seeds in your kitchen to eat, without any soil. You can grow wheatgrass in your bathroom. Better yet, join a community garden, even if you have to ride a bike or take a train to get there. There are community gardens in Harlem and Yonkers, Queens, Bronx and Brooklyn.
You don't need land to be a semi self-reliant gardener. If you work 2 jobs there's still time to plant a few seeds in a milk carton. Geeze, at least grow your own cannabis in your closet for chrissake!
Yeah, it's all about reducing our carbon footprint. We all need to make improvements to get our carbon output to a much lower level in the west. Supporting our local communities and farmers is a good place to start. The more of your own food you can grow, the better.
Sounds awesome. I have just two things really limiting me...first, my credit card and college debt, and second, I still only eat a few typed of veggies, so I haven't tried growing any yet. I have this texture problem with vegetables, bleh.
But I do live pretty cheaply. I rent a room in a house in DC, have never and will never drive a car, shop at farmer's markets, Whole Foods, and other grocery chains when they have a good sale (hey, I'm broke). I make just $8.50 an hour but I do ok, I don't starve and I normally eat healthy and well balanced meals, and I can go out maybe once a week. My biggest vice right now is my electricity use, I still watch too much TV out of boredom and I am always on my computer.
Boredom? Are you serious? What is boredom? I don't have time for boredom. I just came in from wrestling logs out of a creek to haul them to the peeling rack (I'm building a log cabin). I only came in to get out of a passing thunderstorm. I never watch TV. I haven't even owned a TV my entire adult life. If I found the time for boredom I would get on my bike and pump some oxygen into my blood via my lungs while my legs are getting a good workout. Boredom? Geeze boy, get a life! Or as I always say, grow a life.
the initiatie:
Well, if your bag is "cottage industry," don't look to Costa Rica. When you think industry there, think tourism and agriculture and neither of these is remotely "cottage" in nature: rather think plantation and resort hotel if you want the heart of Costa Rican "industry." Between coffee, pineapple and bamama crops grown for export you've practically named the base of the country's economy, and the coffee and fruit companies totally dominate these industries.
costa rica is now also a very popular offshoring destination. My company just booted out over 300 jobs in that direction. They need to watch their backs: the gringo corporate masters apparently also find costa rica attractive, and that usually spells trouble for the host. with an influx of foreign corporate cash, watch what happens to costa rican real estate (as it already is on the coastal areas). it's another colony waiting to happen.
You might look into public service as an alternative to your corporate gig.
Don't assume too much about strangers...:) My coporrate gig is temporary since i'm helping take care of my father and his partner who are both dying at the moment. re:"public service" jobs--depending on what constitutes those jobs--virtually all of that stuff around here is voluntary.
I only raised the issue because CR is an increasingly popular spot for corporatistas. Our CEO likes the low wages, loves the plaint service orientation of much of the people, and most especially loves the relatively cheap waterfront property (3 years before the offshoring, he and 2 other senior executives bought monster oceanfront properties).
As it happens, I have just returned from a 10-day tour of Costa Rica, and my personal observations would only partially support the conclusions of Costa Rica as a "happiest" country. True, the "ecological footprint" is relatively small; one notices small but significant touches like hotels turning off most of their lobby lights at night when not being used. The country has no railroads, but it has few passable roads either, and automobiles are small and relatively rare and bus riders dominate in San Jose. "Free" education is supported and the country has a high literacy rate. It prides itself on having no military (the President says nothing like a Honduran military coup could happen in his country.)
Beside these indications, there are darker features of the human situation in CR. The gap between living standards of workers and middle class is great, and hovel-like housing is seen throughout the country. A predictable consequence of this gap, a high rate of property crimes, is reflected in the ubiquitous bars and barbed wire seen on nearly every house, business and parking lot in San Jose. Only 4% of the country's workers belong to unions, and unionization is staunchy opposed by the "solidarismo" organization at work places of supposed cooperation of workers and owners which amount to "company unions." As the Legislative Assembly debates alteration in the country's Labor Law in response to the International Labor Organization's condemnation of the labor system, businesses are pulling out at least as many stops to prevent any advancement of unions that one is seeing with business organization against the EFCA in the U.S.
One of our tour guides told us that most Costa Ricans are poor but satisfied with their stations in life, and perhaps this is true and for that they should be applauded and perhaps envied. As a local newspaper says about the popularity of solidarismo over unionism in CR, the rejection of union activism is based on the desire of Costa Ricans to "quedar bien" (get along.) It's a question, though, just how long this traditional attitude of putting solidarity over success can survive in a globalizing culture of acquisition and greed, especially as their country is exposed to these latter features of the life styles of the tourists who are now providing the "second largest industry" to this "quaint" country.
Actually, much of the low paid household and factory labor comes from neighboring Nicaragua...much like Dubai and the dirt-poor Baluchis from pakistan.
Thanks for the feedback on the feedback of the "Happy Planet" report, Jerry D. Well done.
So many criteria to use as measurements, and no one report or index can cover them all, but "Happy Planet's" listing are more telling than our usual economic indices here in the States.
Made me think of a statement one of my first boyfriends from a tough neighborhood in Brooklyn used to make: "Some of the rich may be miserable, but at least they get to choose their own form of misery."
It's all in the point of view, but more sociological/economic/psychological /environmental measurements of the HP report type would likely be helpful to project and design a viable, satisfactory future for all of us on the planet with the good health and well-being of the planet as part of that future.
In that kind of thing humankind, for the most part, does not think seven generations ahead, and the vast percentage of people [inclusive of builders, developers, financiers, those corporate "persons" of all stripes] in affluent cultures suffer from the "gotta have it now" mentality and can see only as far as the profit-and-loss sheet at the end of six months.
As a result we are living "future shock" with a prognosis that is very dark and dangerous at this juncture. Being able to truly plan and implement Future Peace and Tranquility would be better.
Again, thanks for the food for thought, Jerry D. Check out www.zeitgeistmovie.com if you haven't seen it already and the zeitgeistmovement.com
peace, cm
I too have been to Costa Rica, albeit, as a tourista.
I saw some the same things you saw, Jerry. Gates and barbed wire (or walls topped with shards of glass) are common in Latin America. As is robbery, theft, and pick-pocketing. Though, until recently, crime in CR has been much rarer than other Latin American countries.
Yes, it will be interesting to see what happens as people are exposed to more tourism. As with anyone anywhere, once we see what others have, we want it.
What is true about CR is that they have no military, thus can spend more of their meager national wealth on social welfare.
I think the major emphasis on the study was on ecological footprint along with popular satisfaction. I guess Ticos have some ingrained belief that they live the Pura Vida, so are generally content. This may serve them well in the coming years as peak oil and other hardships hit the world. Those with the shortest distance to fall may be the best off.
I have traveled extensively in Central and South America and one would have to have drank Jim Jones intravenous kool aid to accept such stupidity. I got lost in the evening in San Jose and it was an experience that I will not forget. Large numbers of dispossesed people wandering about. Piles of garbage with various people rummaging through it. The elderly and the mentally ill were also quite visible and apparently without aid or help. Tourists do not know much about the places they visit. I have "alternative minded" friends that have purchased real-estate there. This only adds to the peoples feeling of disconnection since there is no way the income earners in CR can afford to buy land in their own country. What a bunch of bunk!
I too have wandered around San Jose and farther afield in CR, and as in most countries there is a much higher concentration of homeless and mentally ill people, and crime,in the large cities than in the rest of the country. I'd be willing to bet things are worse in some of our cities than in San Jose.
One of our tour guides told us that most Costa Ricans are poor but satisfied with their stations in life...
Yup, sure; since feudal times, the peasants have always contented with their lot in life...
See! You take care of the land, and the people are happier! :)
Size really does matter!
Yeah, baby!