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Massive Shift to Clean Energy Could Start Tomorrow

by Wolfgang Kerler

NEW YORK - An aggressive shift towards renewable power generation and energy effiency could save the world from the most devastating impacts of climate change, and at the same time create a multi-billion-dollar industry and save trillions of dollars in future fuel costs, experts say.

Solar power panels generate energy for a newly renovated local administrative building in Liberia. (Credit:UN Photo/Christopher Herwig) A report released Monday by the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) and Greenpeace International entitled "Energy [R]Evolution: A Sustainable World Energy Outlook", estimates that investments meant to create a low carbon society would carry an annual 360-billion-dollar industry.

"A renewable energy future is possible," Meg Boyle, global warming policy specialist at Greenpeace USA, told IPS. "The Energy Revolution provides a blueprint to get from where we are to where we need to be, and demonstrates that investing in renewable energy and energy efficiency is good for energy security, the economy, and the climate."

The blueprint is based on the assumption that in order to prevent catastrophic climate change, global CO2 emissions must have peaked by 2015 and must have returned to current levels by 2020. The authors argue that carbon emissions will be cut by 50 percent in 2050 if the suggested measures are adopted.

According to the report, there are some major steps needed to tackle climate change. First of all, the technical potential to increase energy efficiency must be exploited -- for instance, by improving the insulation of buildings or by replacing conventional heaters and hot water systems with systems fueled by renewable energy.

Furthermore, there needs to be a shift from "road to railroad" -- meaning the expansion of public transportation systems to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the extensive use of private vehicles.

The most fundamental changes are needed in the sector of power production: Today's centralised large-scale power stations -- which are consuming mostly non-renewable sources of energy like coal, gas and oil -- must be replaced by small and decentralised power plants based on renewable energies like solar, wind or geothermal.

To achieve this goal, "the power industry and utilities will need to take more responsibility for reducing emissions, as investment decisions decide what sources of energy we use for the next generation," Boyle said.

Oliver Schäfer, EREC policy director, stressed that the adaption of the Energy Revolution scenario would pay off financially, too, because "the global market for renewable energy can grow at a double digit rate until 2050, and overtake the size of today's fossil fuel industry. Currently, the renewable energy market is worth 70 billion dollars and doubling in size every three years."

As fossil fuels are growing scarce, their prices are very likely to increase in the future -- making continued reliance on non-renewable energy sources more and more expensive.

The report estimates that without changing the system, total electricity supply costs will rise from 1.75 trillion today to 3.8 trillion dollars in 2020. According to Greenpeace and EREC, their Energy Revolution scenario would save 18.7 trillion dollars until 2030 -- 750 billion a year from now.

Following the blueprint, the world could cover 32.5 percent of its electricity needs with renewable energy by 2020. While established technologies like solar and wind may take the lead, new technologies will be a part of the energy mix -- for example solar thermal, geothermal or ocean energy.

Another result of the scenario's adoption would be greater equity in the use of resources between industrialised and developing countries.

Since the developed countries have a far higher per capita use of energy -- and therefore produce most of the world's greenhouse gas emissions -- they would have to reduce their emissions earlier than developing economies, peaking no later than 2015.

Developing countries will have to stabilise their emissions by 2020 and reduce them beyond 2030 -- a timeframe that would allow them to further grow economically.

"They need to learn from the mistakes of the developed world and invest in renewable energy instead of coal and nuclear," Boyle said.

Asked about how realistic the adoption of the Energy Revolution scenario is for global policy-makers, Boyle lamented that "so far the international community's overall speed of progress toward a new climate agreement has fallen far short of the rapid pace needed to avoid climate catastrophe."

Greenpeace is now calling upon world leaders to agree on strong new global caps on emissions in developed countries -- without major loopholes -- as well as on massive funding for renewable energy, energy effiency and climate change adaptation in developing countries.

"Politicians in the developed world -- where, as our scenario proves, the barriers to change are political, not technical -- need to take the lead and act swiftly to enact a strong global climate agreement," Boyle said.

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