A coalition of Saudi Arabia, the United States, the United Kingdom and the United Arab Emirates, with minor support from several other Middle Eastern nations, has relentlessly bombed Yemen since March 2015. This August, the coalition ramped up the ferocity of its airstrikes, killing dozens of civilians.
On August 23, the US/Saudi coalition bombed a hotel near Yemen's capital Sanaa, killing 41 people, 33 of whom--80 percent--were civilians, according to the United Nations.
Then on August 25, the coalition bombed homes in Sanaa, massacring a dozen civilians, including eight members of the same family.
Major Western media outlets have, however, obscured the responsibility Saudi Arabia, and its US and European supporters, bear for launching these airstrikes.
There are no other parties presently bombing Yemen, so media cannot feign ignorance as to who is responsible for the attacks. But reports on the bloody US/Saudi coalition airstrikes were nonetheless rife with ambiguous and downright misleading language.
"Dozens of People Killed as Airstrike Hits Hotel Near Yemen's Capital," wrote NPR (8/23/17), in a masterwork of euphemism. Apparently dozens of Yemenis mysteriously died of unknown causes at the exact moment a generic, unaffiliated airstrike hit the hotel. NPR only indirectly mentioned, in the story's fifth paragraph, that the "Saudi-led coalition" was "blamed" for the attack.
AFP's news wire (8/23/17), which was republished by Yahoo, the Daily Mail and Breitbart, used the headline "Air Raids on Outskirts of Yemen Capital Kill 'at least 30,'" again obscuring who was responsible for those air raids. France 24 (8/23/17) ran the wire with the headline "Air Raids on Yemen Capital Kill Dozens."
The BBC (8/23/17) wrote, "Yemen War: Air Strike on Hotel Outside Sanaa 'Leaves 30 Dead.'" "Dozens Killed in Airstrike on Yemeni Hotel," the Guardian headline (8/23/17) read.
The London-based Middle East Eye (8/23/17) was just as ambiguous, with "Yemen Air Attack Destroys Hotel, Killing at Least 35 People," as was Qatar-owned Al Jazeera (8/23/17), with "Air Raid in Yemen Kills at Least 35 people" and the Turkish TRT World (8/24/17), which wrote, "At Least 60 people Killed in Airstrikes on Hotel in Yemen."
Whose airstrike was it? What party was responsible? This remains unknown to those who only glanced at the headlines--that is to say, to most readers.
The 29-month war has killed thousands of Yemeni civilians, with tens of thousands more injured and millions facing famine. And the United Nations has repeatedly reported that the US/Saudi coalition is responsible for a majority of the civilian casualties.
Even when Saudi Arabia's guilt is acknowledged by media, the crucial role of the US is typically ignored (FAIR.org, 8/31/17, 10/14/16, 2/27/17). Readers miss out on crucial context that is needed to understand the war, and their governments' contributions to it: Saudi Arabia is flying US-made planes, full of fuel provided by the US Air Force, dropping US- and UK-made bombs, with intelligence and assistance from American and British military officials.
Non-Yemeni 'Yemeni Airstrikes'
Two days later, reports were just as obfuscatory, and even used the term "Yemeni airstrike," to refer to an airstrike that was carried out by non-Yemenis.
"Yemen Airstrike Kills 12, Including Six Children: Rescuers," Reuters reported on August 25. This brief two-paragraph wire did not once mention the US/Saudi coalition was responsible.
"After Yemeni Airstrike, Little Girl Is Family's Only Survivor," the international news agency wrote the next day (8/26/17). This Reuters piece noted that the "Saudi-led coalition" was "blamed," though even that language seems designed to deflect; blamers can be wrong, after all.
Major newspapers were similarly misleading. "Young Yemeni Girl Is Sole Survivor After Airstrike Topples Her Home," the New York Times (8/26/17) reported. The lead provided no further information: "An airstrike toppled their apartment building." In fact, it was not until the seventh paragraph, after three large photos, that the Times finally conceded, "A Saudi Arabia-led coalition took responsibility for the airstrike a day after the attack, citing a 'technical mistake.'" The Times did not once mention American or British support for the coalition.
Al Jazeera (8/25/17) likewise used the headline "Children Among Dead in Latest Attack on Yemen Civilians." And TRT World (8/26/17) reported, "Yemen Airstrike Kills 12, Including Six Children."
Even when Saudi Arabia admitted responsibility for killing Yemeni civilians, media watered down the language. "Saudi-Led Force Admits Strike in Yemen's Capital Hit Civilians," Reuters (8/26/17) headlined its news wire. Note the airstrike hit civilians, not killed them.
The attack was also reduced to a mere "mistake." Larger context was not provided: namely that more than one-third of US/Saudi coalition airstrikes have hit civilian areas, and that there is a growing body of evidence that the coalition has intentionallytargeted civilian infrastructure in Yemen.
Not all media were equally misleading; some were more forthright. AP's news wire (8/23/17), which was republished by the Chicago Tribune, New York Daily News, Houston Chronicle and San Francisco Chronicle, used a headline that told readers who was responsible for the deadly attack: "Saudi-Led Airstrikes Hit Yemen Hotel, Killing at Least 41."
The Washington Post was similarly direct, with its reports "Saudi-Led Coalition Airstrike Kills Dozens in Yemen Ahead of Major Rally" (8/23/17) and "Saudi-Led Airstrikes Kill 14 Civilians in Yemen's Capital" (8/25/17).
The Art of Obfuscation
To justify this ambiguity in reporting, media might claim it is sometimes not immediately clear who launched the airstrikes. But, again, there are no other parties flying warplanes in Yemen.
Yemeni Houthi-Saleh forces, who govern the north of the country and roughly 80 percent of the population, have not been bombing their country. Moreover, the US/Saudi coalition has imposed an air blockade on the impoverished country since March 2015 (another significant fact that is rarely reported by corporate media).
In Syria, where numerous rival countries have been launching airstrikes, it is understandable that media may sometimes have to exercise caution before apportioning blame. But this is not the case with Yemen.
In the 29-month war in Yemen, there is one party that has been responsible for thousands of air raids: the Saudi air force, as part of a coalition with the US, the UK and the UAE.
Yet Yemen is not an isolated case of this ambiguity. Media frequently obfuscate and downplay the culpability for bombing when the US and its allies are responsible.
When the US bombed a hospital in Kunduz, Afghanistan, in October 2015, killing dozens of civilians, media scrambled to craft almost laughable euphemisms. FAIR (10/5/15) documented at the time how news outlets used circuitous headlines like "US Is Blamed After Bombs Hit Afghan Hospital." Also seen in the August 23NPR report cited above, this brand of misleading, ambiguous rhetoric is the "officer-involved shooting" of war reporting.
On the other hand, the responsibility of US enemies for killing civilians is rarely if ever obscured.
It is instructive to compare Western media coverage of Yemen to that of Syria, where attacks are "Assad bombing" (Fox News, 2/15/17), "Assad airstrikes" (Breitbart, 4/28/16), "Assad regime airstrikes" (Times of Israel, 10/16/12; Australian, 8/18/15), "regime airstrikes" (NBC, 8/19/16) or "regime bombing" (Daily Caller, 8/17/15).
Media have even written of a "pro-Assad drone" that was "displaying hostile intent," and thus just had to be shot down by the US (Guardian, 6/20/17; Independent, 6/20/17; The Hill, 6/20/17), as if the robot were personally a fan of the Syrian leader.
The phrases "Salman airstrikes" or "Saudi regime airstrikes" are, however, nowhere to be found in reports on Yemen.
Downplaying the Key US Role
Media calling US/Saudi coalition attacks "Yemeni airstrikes" is at best misleading, and at worst flat-out false. Yet this language also has a political effect: It obscures the character of the war. This framing is part of the "civil war" trope media have propagated for two-and-a-half years.
When Yemen is discussed, it is virtually always through the lens of a "civil war." As FAIR (7/25/17) has detailed before, this exceedingly widespread myth, which has permeated media discourse, denies the extent to which the conflict is actually a foreign war on Yemen, led by Saudi Arabia, the UAE and their US and European sponsors.
Even the term "Saudi-led" coalition is misleading. The New York Times editorial board (8/17/16) acknowledged, in a little-noted editorial on Yemen, "Experts say the coalition would be grounded if Washington withheld its support."
That is to say, if the US wanted the war in Yemen to end, it would end overnight. The "Saudi-led" coalition is only led by Saudi Arabia in name.
Surprisingly, in the midst of intensified coalition attacks, the New York Times published another rare editorial on Yemen on August 25. In the piece, dramatically titled "The Slaughter of Children in Yemen," the editorial board forcefully warned of exactly what critics have been saying for 29 months:
The Saudi coalition--and its American enablers, who provide military equipment, aerial refueling and targeting--simply cannot be allowed to continue killing civilians and destroying what little is left of Yemen. That is why it is imperative to publicly identify the unconscionable slaughter of innocents for what it is, and to hope that this will shame Saudi Arabia and its American backers to search for a humane end to Yemen's hell.
Reporters at the Times and elsewhere should heed this call to demonstrate journalistic responsibility by clearly conveying their governments' responsibility for the slaughter in Yemen--not just in editorials, but in news articles, every time.
