Citizens' Groups Fight "Free Pass" for Air Polluters

A panel of federal judges will hear arguments today in a lawsuit
by environmental groups seeking to close a gaping loophole in federal
air pollution regulations.

The groups, represented by the public interest law firm
Earthjustice, are challenging a regulation adopted by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) allowing refineries, chemical plants, and other
industrial facilities to ignore pollution limits whenever equipment
malfunctions, and whenever they start up or shut down operations.
During these periods, toxic emissions can skyrocket, severely degrading
air quality. Some facilities evade clean air protections by claiming
that they are in startup, shutdown, or malfunction mode during much of
their operating time.

Residents in the Los Angeles neighborhood of Wilmington, a Southern
California oil-refining hub, report seeing the tell-tale signs of
refinery malfunctions -- gas flares and billowing smoke - at the area's
four refineries on a nearly weekly basis.

Marie Malahi lives in the shadow of one such refinery and now
schools her asthmatic young son at home so she can protect him from the
unpredictable spikes in bad air quality.

"When you see the flames jump from the refinery stacks, you know
it's about to get really bad," Malahi said. "There's days when we can
barely function. We can't breathe, we can't work or play outside. We
have to sit inside, close the windows and keep the doors shut."

Earthjustice is representing Environmental Integrity Project along
with Sierra Club, Louisiana Environmental Action Network, Coalition for
a Safe Environment, and Friends of Hudson -- groups in affected
communities in the Gulf Coast, southern California, and upstate New
York.

"This loophole allows major polluters to violate emission standards
with impunity," said Earthjustice attorney Jim Pew. "We're fighting to
close this enormous loophole so communities can breathe easier."

Excess emissions occur routinely at industrial facilities throughout
the country, according to a comprehensive report by the Environmental
Integrity Project titled "Gaming the System: How the Off-the-Books
Industrial Upset Emissions Cheat the Public Out of Clear Air." (report
available at: https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/pub238.cfm)

"Malfunctions at large petrochemical plants are routine, and
sometimes release more air pollution than so-called 'normal'
operations," said Eric Schaeffer, executive director of Environmental
Integrity Project and former director of EPA's Office of Regulatory
Enforcement. "EPA and the industry want to keep these emissions out of
sight, out of mind, and off the books, by hiding the procedures that
industry is supposed to follow to prevent these mishaps. That's not
fair to the neighbors who live next to these plants, and have to suffer
the consequences when accidents poison their air with toxic pollutants."

With more than 250 industrial sites, Texas is home to the nation's
largest number of refineries, chemical and petrochemical plants in the
nation. The state is also one of a few that tracks pollutants released
during startup, shutdown, and malfunction periods: according to state
records, thirty facilities emitted more than forty-five million pounds
of toxins in just one year during these off-the-books periods. A chart
documenting recent major malfunctions at refineries in Texas is below.

"Fence line neighborhoods in Texas have been bombarded for decades
with massive plumes of thick, black, toxic smoke during emissions
flaring at refineries and chemical plants in periods of startups,
shutdowns and even malfunctions," said Neil Carman, clean air director
for the Sierra Club's Lone Star Chapter and a former Texas state
refinery inspector.

In nearby Louisiana, the problems are much the same.

"Equipment malfunctions, start up or shutdown operations are
responsible for much of the 20 million pounds of air toxics emitted
annually in our area," said Marylee Orr, executive director of
Louisiana Environmental Action Network. "When the big flares at one of
the local facilities go off it can cause significant problems in the
surrounding communities."

Also being challenged in court today is a provision eliminating
existing requirements that polluters have contingency plans in place to
minimize toxic emissions when startups, shutdowns, and malfunctions
occur. This means when major malfunctions result in massive releases of
toxic material, polluters are off the hook for ensuring that it doesn't
happen again.

The importance of these backup plans was on full display in
September 2005, when a power outage caused pollution and safety
controls to fail at three major southern California oil refineries. For
more than eight hours, the refineries belched black and yellow smoke.
Last October, power to the refineries failed again, once more
blanketing the Wilmington neighborhood of Los Angeles in pollution.

"These incidents could have been easily avoided had the refineries
been required to prepare a contingency plan that included a backup
power source during a blackout," said Jesse Marquez, Executive Director
of the Wilmington-based Coalition for a Safe Environment. "Instead,
EPA's rules encourage a reckless lack of planning, subjecting
communities like ours to repeat performances of major air pollution
events year after year."

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

The lawsuit was filed in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Circuit. A copy of briefs filed by Earthjustice is
available at: https://www.earthjustice.org/library/legal_docs/112_enviro_proof-opening-brief.pdf

The Environmental Integrity Project report, "Gaming the System: How
the Off-the-Books Industrial Upset Emissions Cheat the Public Out of
Clear Air" is available at: https://www.environmentalintegrity.org/pub238.cfm)

Emissions Reported During Recent Malfunctions At Select Refineries in Texas

Source: Emissions data reported by facilities to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. All emission reports online at: https://www11.tceq.state.tx.us/oce/eer/index.cfm