No one can know for sure what the incoming Trump administration will do, but President-elect Donald Trump has repeatedly criticized and threatened the media in the United States. In lieu of attempting the impossible and predicting the future, we've gathered all of Trump's stated positions on free speech and freedom of the press. If you are aware of any additional statements that we have not included, please email kate@eff.org with a link to your source material, and we will consider it for inclusion.
While running for president, Trump made his general feelings about the press very clear. He has called the media "dishonest" and described reporters as "scum," "sleaze," and "horrible people." At a rally last February, he famously said, "I'm going to open up our libel laws so when they write purposely negative and horrible and false articles, we can sue them and win lots of money."
In the past, Trump has filed frivolous lawsuits against media defendants that threaten to silence critics and draw scarce resources away from important reporting work. For example, in 1984, Trump sued the Chicago Tribune and its Pulitzer Prize-winning architecture critic, Paul Gapp for an article that made fun of Trump's proposal to build a 150-story skyscraper on landfill in New York. In 2006, Trump sued Time Warner Books and an author for publishing a book that reported Trump was worth substantially less than he claimed. He sued for $5 billion in damages. And during the election, Trump sued Univision and its head of programming for dropping coverage of the Miss Universe pageant (in response to Trump's comments that Mexicans are rapists), and for posting a picture of Trump next to a picture of convicted murderer Dylan Roof on Instagram with the comment "Sin commentaries." Although none of these statements met the libel standard and Trump failed to win any case, in each the media defendants had to hire--and pay--lawyers to defend themselves--all the way to the appellate court in at least one case. Trump said, about one case he lost, "I liked it because I cost him a lot of time and a lot of energy and a lot of money."
Trump has repeatedly denied the media access. During his campaign, he pulled out of two debates because he reportedly didn't like the way he was treated by Fox News and its reporter, Megyn Kelly.
He also pulled the credentials of several national media outlets, including the Washington Post, for ideological disagreements, and, in the Post's case, for an arguably inaccurate headline. The Post's Executive Editor Marty Baron called the move, "nothing less than a repudiation of a free and independent press." Trump's campaign also blacklisted reporters from Gawker, BuzzFeed, Foreign Policy, Politico, Fusion, Univision, Mother Jones, the New Hampshire Union Leader, the Des Moines Register, the Daily Beast and Huffington Post. That left reporters having "to try to walk into public events with the general crowd rather than being escorted into the press section." However, when one Politico reporter tried to report from the general audience section at a Trump rally instead of the press pen, Trump's staff kicked him out and then denied him credentials to a later campaign event.
Since winning the election, the incoming administration has broken from the practices of past incoming presidents in ways that could impact how the press reports on and the public learns about its activities. For example, Trump broke from "decades of tradition" by not traveling with a press pool during his campaign and continued to do so even after the election. This meant that the public often learned about Trump's conversations with leaders of foreign countries from the countries themselves, rather than the press. And Trump's incoming Chief of Staff, Reince Priebus, implied in an interview last week that the new administration may do away with daily press briefings in the White House.
