Democratic Autopsy: One Year Later

In October 2017, a team of progressive researchers published "Autopsy: The Democratic Party in Crisis," which probed the causes of the disastrous 2016 election defeat. The report came in the wake of the party leadership's failure to do its own autopsy. In a cover story for The Nation, William Greider wrote that the "Autopsy" is "an unemotional dissection of why the Democrats failed so miserably, and it warns that the party must change profoundly or else remain a loser."

Now, "Democratic Autopsy: One Year Later" evaluates how well the Democratic Party has done in charting a new course since the autumn of 2017. This report rates developments in each of the seven categories that the original report assessed.

The upsurge of progressive activism and electoral victories during the last year has created momentum that could lead to historic breakthroughs in the midterm elections and far beyond. Realizing such potential will require transforming and energizing the Democratic Party.

Corporate Power and the Party: Somewhat Worse

The Democratic Party has implemented modest reforms, but corporate power continues to dominate the party. In 2017 and early summer 2018, the Democratic National Committee voted to refuse donations from a handful of toxic industries that contradict the party's platform--though the ban on fossil-fuel money was effectively repealed in August 2018. Meanwhile, the DNC and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee continue to freely take big corporate donations.

A test for Democrats on Capitol Hill came this year when the GOP successfully worked with powerful bank lobbyists to weaken the Dodd-Frank Act (under the guise of helping small community banks). More than one-third of Senate Democrats joined the effort; many were recipients of significant banking donations. In the House, 33 Democrats joined most Republicans to pass the measure; journalist David Dayen reported that nearly all of the 33 identify as corporate "New Democrats."

In September, House minority leader Nancy Pelosi preemptively boxed in any potential left-populist agenda on Capitol Hill by backing reinstatement of a "pay-go" rule to offset all new spending with tax increases or budget cuts. A former legislative director for three Democrats in Congress, Justin Talbot-Zorn, responded with an article for The Nation pointing out that "bold progressivism and 'pay-go' fiscal conservatism are mutually exclusive." He added: "The existential challenge of climate change demands that we fully overhaul our energy and transportation infrastructure in a short period of time. The issues of America's rising inequality and frayed social contract--including stagnant wages, unaffordable college, and exorbitant health care can only be fixed with major new investments."

After writing a recent analysis for The Guardian that looked at how Democratic leaders act on economic issues in states (from California to Connecticut) that they politically control, David Sirota put his conclusions in a tweet: Democrats in blue states "have used their power to block single payer & a public option, enrich Wall St, subsidize corporations, slash pensions, lay off teachers, promote fracking & engage in pay to play corruption."

For the Democratic Party, a crucial disconnect remains between rhetoric about corporate influence and subservience to it.

Race and the Party: Mixed Developments

In the summer of 2018, Democratic National Committee chair Tom Perez told a predominantly black audience: "We lost elections not only in November 2016, but we lost elections in the run-up because we stopped organizing.... We took too many people for granted, and African Americans--our most loyal constituency--we all too frequently took for granted. That is a shame on us, folks, and for that I apologize. And for that I say, it will never happen again!"

During the last 12 months, voters of color have been key to notable electoral wins. But the party has a long way to go to fulfill Perez's promise.

In the November 2017 Virginia gubernatorial election, Democrat Ralph Northam "won three-quarters of the votes overall" in racial-minority neighborhoods, The Washington Post reported. "Margins grew by 10 percent in Hispanic neighborhoods." Black voters turned out in higher numbers than they had before. Unfortunately, Northam's campaign spending priorities were distressingly similar to the party's 2016 behavior. Groups like BlackPAC and New Virginia Majority handled essential local black organizing, but had a difficult time securing adequate resources.

Alabama's special election for a Senate seat tells a similar, slightly more encouraging story. Democrat Doug Jones defeated Republican Roy Moore, a man accused of pedophilia and with a history of racist remarks. Jones won 96 percent of the black vote, accounting for 29 percent of total votes cast--more than the state's 27 percent black population. BlackPAC and other groups, including local NAACP chapters, organized and knocked on more than 500,000 doors with a tailored message addressing criminal-justice reform, education, and health care. The DNC also contributed to operations, spending around $1 million on engaging black and millennial voters. Jones, like Northam, spent big on advertising aimed at white voters.

Donald Trump's assault on immigrants has mobilized some in the party to be stronger on immigrants' rights. Yet congressional Democrats were seen as having sold out Dreamers in their budget negotiations with Republicans. An April 2018 poll found that, while 40 percent of Hispanics believe Democrats care about Dreamers, 54 percent believe they're "using this issue for political gain."

Likewise, the Democratic Party must do much more to reform the police and justice systems. Eighty percent of Democrats want reform and 87 percent want to decrease the prison population. Running for Philadelphia district attorney as a comprehensive reformer, Larry Krasner showed that these desires for change could be mobilized into a winning campaign; turnout for his November 2017 election was much higher than in previous DA elections. Krasner went on to implement policies such as dropping marijuana charges and dismissing problematic prosecutors in the DA's office.

Such policy approaches, coupled with grassroots organizing, enabled police accountability advocate Randall Woodfin to win the Birmingham, Alabama, mayoral race in 2017 and enabled progressive Democrat Earnell Lucas to win the race for Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, sheriff in August 2018. These campaigns suggest a path forward for Democratic candidates--where the priority is to inspire voters and maximize turnout rather than to woo "persuadable" Republicans.

Young People and the Party: Mixed Developments

The Democratic Party still isn't offering a bold vision that can excite young adults, a demographic known for not voting much. Looking to the 2018 midterms, the party put out its "Better Deal for Our Democracy" platform. This is a modest step forward--especially the "Crack Down on Corporate Monopolies" provisions--but missing is a focus on the bread-and-butter issues that can materially affect young people's lives, such as redirecting resources from our bloated military toward popular programs for free college education and Medicare for All.

Young people, more than their older counterparts, are increasingly against obscene military budgets and U.S. wars. But citizens with those views are without powerful representation in Washington. Sixty-eight percent of House Democrats and 85 percent of Democratic senators voted for the record-breaking 2019 military budget of over $700 billion, including expansion of the U.S. nuclear arsenal.

On the issue of paying for college, party leaders have made a bit of progress. But instead of taking a clear stance in favor of free public college tuition--something a strong majority of Democrats support--congressional Democrats proposed a law in July that would subsidize community colleges only and work to "make college more affordable by reducing debt and simplifying financial aid," as The Washington Post reported. It's a tepid approach.

Like a growing number of successful candidates for local and state offices as well as congressional seats, most Democratic presidential contenders for 2020 have learned to push some compelling, simple policy measures. But the Democratic leadership is still using a 1990s-era playbook of technocratic half-measures that don't inspire--or bring out to the polls--America's youth.

Voter Participation and the Party: Somewhat Improved

The depressed turnout that cost Hillary Clinton the 2016 election was due to both voter suppression efforts by Republicans and the Democratic Party's own inability to mobilize its base. The party has made some progress on both counts.

To diminish turnout, GOP strategists keep targeting people of color, the young, and others apt to cast ballots for Democrats. The DNC's response has grown more robust in the past year, with the creation of the "IWillVote" program to register new voters and fight voter suppression. The initiative has provided grants in 41 states and territories, aiming to reach 50 million voters by November.

The party has also supported restoring felons' right to vote. In April, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo pledged to restore suffrage to felons on parole. In Florida, Democratic gubernatorial candidate Andrew Gillum and party leaders are supporting a ballot measure to restore felons' voting rights.

Meanwhile, automatically registering everyone to vote has emerged as a popular and practical way to address discriminatory voter restrictions. In 2018, eight states and the District of Columbia approved or began implementing automatic voter registration. These laws were virtually nonexistent three years ago, but now 13 states and D.C. have them.

Yet most party leaders have remained hesitant to promote other clearly popular policies. And voters in marginalized communities often see scant difference between the two major parties. The Democratic Party could dramatically boost voter participation by mobilizing around progressive proposals that are broadly popular, such as higher taxes on the wealthy, Medicare for All, a $15 minimum wage, stronger environmental protections, public transportation, and criminal-justice reform.

The Democratic Party routinely fails to take full electoral advantage of such public opinion--a major factor in its fundamental lack of credibility with voters. A Quinnipiac poll in March 2018 showed just 31 percent of the country had a positive view of Democrats--down from 37 percent four months earlier and 44 percent a year earlier, according to CNN polls. Voter turnout falls short when many are left doubting that the Democratic Party will make good on its progressive rhetoric.

Social Movements and the Party: Mixed Developments

From the party-platform struggles of 2016 through the "Summer for Progress" coalition convened by Our Revolution in the summer of 2017, the DNC seemed tone-deaf to the policy demands of its base. When Summer for Progress activists marched to DNC headquarters in Washington, they were met outside the front door by barricades.

But since mid-2017, many party leaders have been pulled along by the grassroots. The House of Representatives recently saw the formation of a Medicare for All caucus, with at least 70 members. Even ex-President Obama recently got on board. A year ago, a Vox headline summed up the momentum: "The stunning Democratic shift on single-payer: In 2008, no leading Democratic presidential candidate backed single-payer. In 2020, all of them might."

Student survivors of the mass shooting at Florida's Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School became leaders of an intense new push for gun control. Within six weeks, the #NeverAgain movement helped organize the March for Our Lives in Washington--with 800 solidarity events across the country--and a national voter-registration drive. Though most congressional Democrats had been avoiding or downplaying the gun-control issue, it became hard to ignore this youth movement.

Another youth-energized groundswell, the climate-justice movement, was dealt a slap in the face by the DNC's reversal on accepting donations from the fossil-fuel industry. A 350.org co-founder said: "This sort of spineless corporate pandering is why Democrats keep losing."

This has been a banner year for successful primary campaigns by progressive Democrats nationwide allied with organizations such as Our Revolution, Justice Democrats, Democratic Socialists of America, People's Action, Democracy for America, Citizen Action, Working Families Party and Progressive Democrats of America, to name just a few groups that knocked on doors and e-mail inboxes all year. In New York State, there was the defeat of powerhouse Representative Joe Crowley by 28-year-old Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and then a progressive deluge that unseated six "Independent Democratic" state senators--corporatists allied with the GOP and Democratic Governor Cuomo. If there's a "blue wave" in November, much of the credit will belong to grassroots groups.

How did the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee react to this grassroots energy? Often by intervening on behalf of establishment primary candidates against progressives, as in Colorado's sixth district and in Texas's seventh district (where the DCCC publicly attacked progressive candidate Laura Moser). Social movements have the ability to energize the Democratic Party, but not if blocked by party leaders.

War and the Party: Somewhat Worse

Chants of "No More War" from delegates at the 2016 Democratic National Convention gave voice to sentiments that still resonate through the party's base and the broader U.S. public, notably in communities with higher rates of military sacrifice. While Trump's 2016 victories in swing states may have been aided by his posing as a foe of protracted war, his administration's Middle East policies have exposed that masquerade. Unfortunately, the positions of Democratic leaders on endless war and military spending offer little alternative.

Few Democrats in Congress are willing to strongly challenge the unaccountable military budget, which soaks up most discretionary spending that could be redirected toward the party's proclaimed domestic agenda. During federal-budget negotiations early this year--with Trump requesting a huge Pentagon-budget increase--Nancy Pelosi boasted in an e-mail to House Democrats: "In our negotiations, Congressional Democrats have been fighting for increases in funding for defense." The office of Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer declared: "We fully support President Trump's Defense Department's request." Months later, an overwhelming majority of House and Senate Democrats supported the massive 2019 "National Defense Authorization Act" of $716 billion.

Trump has a dangerous admiration for authoritarian leaders. Democrats need to condemn such admiration without succumbing to reckless bellicosity.

The United States and Russia possess 93 percent of the world's nuclear weapons. Yet many Democratic leaders seem oblivious to the threat of armed conflict with Russia--a peril profoundly understood by Democratic presidents during the height of the Cold War. Reacting to evidence of Russian meddling in the 2016 U.S. election, numerous Democrats engaged in extreme rhetoric, calling it an "act of war" and "equivalent" to Pearl Harbor. Democratic leaders have rarely acknowledged the crucial need for "a shift in approach toward Russia" including "steps to ease tensions between the nuclear superpowers," in the words of an open letter calling for "Election Security and True National Security," released this summer.

On matters of war and peace--for instance, the 17-year war in Afghanistan and the Trump team's extremely one-sided Israel-Palestine policy--top Democrats have offered few alternative policies. They've made scant objections to Trump administration actions that a director at Amnesty International USA, Daphne Eviatar, has described as "hugely expanding the use of drone and airstrikes, including outside of war zones, and increasing civilian casualties in the process."

The party leadership has routinely been absent in the face of a humanitarian catastrophe in Yemen caused primarily by the U.S.-backed Saudi war. In March, Bernie Sanders, Democrat Chris Murphy, and Republican Mike Lee forced a vote on their Senate resolution to end U.S. military support for the Saudis in Yemen. In the face of White House opposition and indifference among Democratic leaders, it went down to defeat (55-44) thanks to ten Democratic "no" votes. With the disaster continuing to worsen in Yemen, the House Democratic leadership reportedly dragged its feet while progressive first-term Congressman Ro Khanna persistently led a bipartisan effort to get a vote on a similar measure; finally, in late September, Khanna was able to introduce the resolution with some high-level party support.

Democrats often denounce the GOP for immoral and extremist domestic policies favoring the powerful. The party's failure to challenge such foreign policies is a moral and political tragedy.

Democracy and the Party: Somewhat Improved

Efforts to democratize the Democratic Party made some progress in August 2018 when the full DNC voted to bar superdelegates from voting for the presidential nominee on the first ballot. This reduction in the power of superdelegates grew out of anger among Bernie Sanders supporters about DNC favoritism for Hillary Clinton. In the end, the reform passed with much support from the Clinton wing of the party and a major assist from DNC chair Tom Perez.

Contrary to claims made by superdelegate defenders, the reform moved toward greater racial diversity at the national convention. In 2016, the Pew Research Center found that 20 percent of superdelegates were black and about 36 percent were people of color; numbers provided by the Hillary Clinton campaign showed that convention delegates as a whole were more diverse than superdelegates--25 percent black and 50 percent people of color.

The DNC'S encouraging action on superdelegate reform contrasts sharply with the DNC's failure to act on a proposal by its Unity Reform Commission to establish a Financial Oversight Committee that would present an annual report on the DNC budget to the entire DNC, so that it could assess the effectiveness of expenditures and staff, as required by the DNC's Bylaws. The current Finance Committee--entirely appointed by the DNC chair--conducts no such evaluations. A Financial Oversight Committee could help achieve what the DNC still lacks: transparency and accountability in how DNC money is spent.

To get closer to living up to its name, the Democratic Party should rely on a broad base of small donors and refuse donations from corporations, particularly those with interests adverse to the party's platform. The DNC's reversal of its ban on fossil-fuel donations was a step backward.

This summer, the DNC voted in reforms to promote more openness and accessibility in presidential primaries and caucuses. The reforms urge state parties to work with their state government to combat voter suppression and implement measures such as same-day party switching and same-day registration. An extreme example of antidemocratic obstacles is in the state of New York, where voters must declare their party affiliation more than six months in advance.

Barriers to democracy inside the Democratic Party have obstructed efforts to make the party a powerful vehicle for progressive change. During the last year, grassroots pressure has reduced some of those barriers. Looking ahead, a truly democratic Democratic Party could profoundly revitalize the politics of our country.

This excerpt was originally published in The Nation. The full report is available here.