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With our latest holiday-themed comic, we seek not only to empower the voices of working people, but also to push the Democrats to do so as we work to rebuild the party in favor of taking back and democratically transforming America.
It gives us no pleasure in saying this, for we definitely wanted it to go differently, but the Democrats deserved to lose. We, however, did not. They ceased to be the party of the people—the party of working people—years ago and they hardly seemed bothered by what was happening. Apparently the Democratic leaders were not listening to what working people were saying. Or, if they were listening, they failed to hear what was being said.
Embracing neoliberalism, the party’s leaders and presidents cultivated the affections of their billionaire donors; rationalized the widening inequalities and intensifying concentration of wealth and power; joined in the assaults upon the democratic achievements of the Greatest Generation and the Long Age of Roosevelt; distanced themselves from the resistance expressed in the Wisconsin Rising of 2011 and the anger and hopes of Occupy Wall Street; failed the Fight for $15; and made nothing of the polling which showed that Americans wanted not just change—indeed, radical change—but also jobs at living wages, guaranteed healthcare, decent affordable housing for all, and free public higher education (all of which would have amounted to what the greatest of Democratic Presidents, Franklin Roosevelt, projected as an Economic Bill of Rights in 1944).
In fact, even as workers began to organize anew and started demanding better deals from their bosses, the Democrats failed to act seriously to bolster their initiatives. Then, truly proving they had not been listening, they ran a 2024 presidential campaign that avoided calling out the billionaire bosses whose billions are growing ever greater and made little of the voiced needs and wants of the working class.
Situating our new comic in the Holiday season, we seek not only to remind liberals, progressives, radicals, and socialists to listen to and empower the voices of working people, but also to push the Democrats to do so as they/we work to rebuild the party in favor of taking back and democratically transforming America.
We close this installment of our comic-strip series with a portrait of FDR, the Democratic President who—for all of his tragic faults and failings—not only listened to and actually heard working people, but also encouraged them to progressively push him further than he might otherwise have gone and determinedly engaged their labors and energies to dramatically transform the nation and radically enhance freedom, equality, and democracy.
In upcoming comics for Common Dreams we intend to recount that history in hopes of inspiring and propelling Democrats and working people alike to take action.
Workers have shown "when they come together what kind of power they can have to really take on massive corporations like Starbucks, McDonald's, and Burger King," said one labor leader.
With plans to win annual raises and other labor protections for fast food cooks and cashiers across California, hundreds of workers in the industry gathered in Los Angeles on Friday to mark the launch of a first-of-its kind union.
Part of the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), the new California Fast Food Workers Union represents workers at companies including McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, and Jack in the Box, and organizers hope to eventually expand its membership to other employees in the industry in addition to cooks and cashiers.
The union was formed after fast food workers, the SEIU, and the Fight for $15 movement fought for the passage of a California law last year that created a fast food council, allowing labor unions and companies to negotiate over minimum wages and work conditions—a first for the industry.
The SEIU reached a deal with several chains to raise the minimum pay for 500,000 fast food workers to $20 per hour starting in April.
"California fast food workers have powered through and we've been winning against one of the largest industries in the world," said one worker in a video posted on social media by the union to celebrate the launch.
Joseph Bryant, international executive vice-president of the SEIU, noted that the push for labor protections and higher wages in the industry has "been led in California over the last decade by primarily Black and Latino cooks and cashiers."
The workers "have been fighting and have been able to show when they come together what kind of power they can have to really take on massive corporations like Starbucks, McDonald's, and Burger King, which have done everything to crush their workers and crush the idea of them pulling together a union," Bryant told The Guardian.
The union plans to push for a 3.5% increase of the minimum wage over the next three years, protections to ensure companies have "just cause" to fire workers, rules to ensure that employees are scheduled to work enough hours to sustain themselves, and protections against retaliation for organizing.
Fight for $15 called the launch "an historic day."
"Fast food workers have worked for more than a decade to come to this point," said the nationwide grassroots organization. "We're so excited to be here, and even more excited for what's to come."
"These raises are the outcome of over a decade of workers organizing with Fight for $15," said the National Employment Law Project.
Tireless campaigning by economic justice advocates helped to secure minimum wage hikes for nearly 10 million U.S. workers starting in 2024, and one think tank noted on Wednesday that further successes at the state and local levels are expected in the coming year—but experts said the federal government must catch up with state legislators to deliver fair wages to all workers.
January 1 will see 22 states increase their minimum wages, providing affected workers with an additional $6.95 billion.
That's not counting the 38 cities and counties where minimum pay will be raised starting New Year's Day, including in Montgomery County, Maryland and in Tukwila, Washington, a city outside Seattle that will have the highest minimum wage in the country at $20.29 per hour.
A shrinking number of states still abide by the federal minimum wage of $7.25 per hour, which has not been updated in nearly 15 years.
"In the absence of federal action, states and localities continue to take the lead in advancing fairer wage floors via legislation, ballot measures, and automatic inflation adjustments," wrote Sebastian Martinez Hickey, a research assistant at the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), last week.
For the first time in 2024, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York will require workers to be paid at least $15 an hour, joining other high cost-of-living states including California, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
At the National Employment Law Project (NELP), senior researcher and policy analyst Yannet Lathrop pointed out on Tuesday that just over a decade after the national Fight for $15 movement was launched, none of the recent ongoing minimum wage campaigns demand less than $15 per hour, and many of the recent victories and campaigns push for "significantly higher wage floors of $20 or above."
The bold demands and reforms of the past year signal "the strength of the movement and a recognition that robust wage increases are needed especially in a post-pandemic, high inflation economic environment," wrote Lathrop. "Some of these campaigns are also demanding equal wages and treatment for all workers including those earning tips, signaling the increasing importance of equitable wage policies."
NELP also noted that the adoption of the $15 minimum wage by large employers like Starbucks and Amazon is likely to positively influence the wage policies of companies across the country.
In addition to raising minimum wages, city and state policymakers have taken other actions this year to stop the exploitation of workers. An ordinance passed in Chicago will phase out the subminimum wage for tipped workers by 2028, and in Boulder County, Colorado, the minimum wage will be raised to $25 per hour by 2030.
Advocates brought to Boulder County policymakers' attention EPI's Family Budget Calculator, wrote Hickey, which showed that a two-income, two-parent, two-child household would need to earn roughly $26 per hour at both jobs to cover "a modest living standard."
The research underscored "how difficult it is for low-wage workers to find a way to live sustainably," Hickey wrote. "A $25 minimum wage might seem high, but the truth is that Boulder County is unlikely to be the highest minimum wage in the country in 2030 because of steps other localities have taken to index their minimum wages to inflation. Strong minimum wage policy can only benefit localities seeking a thriving and equitable local economy."
According to EPI, the minimum wage increases across the U.S. in the new year will disproportionately benefit Black and Hispanic workers. Black Americans make up 9% of the workforce in the states where increases will go into effect, but represent 11.1% of the affected employees. Fewer than 20% of workers in the states are Hispanic, but Hispanic workers make up 37.9% of those whose wages will be increased.
The new state and local laws will increase the purchasing power of households that include 5.6 million children, as more than a quarter of affected workers—2.5 million people—are working parents.
And nearly 20% of workers who will get a raise on January 1 have incomes below the poverty line.
"The minimum wage continues to be a powerful tool for fostering economic equity and ensuring a dignified standard of living for workers across the nation," wrote Hickey. "The proactive steps many states and localities took to index their minimum wages to inflation has helped protect the purchasing power of low-wage workers during the recent period of inflation."
NELP noted that later in 2024, additional minimum wage increases will go into effect in at least three more states and 22 more cities and counties—and advocates will continue campaigning for more victories across the country in the coming year.
Campaigners in states including Alaska, Ohio, and Oklahoma are collecting signatures for ballot initiatives that would push minimum wages to $15 or above, and in California an initiative pushing for an $18 minimum wage by 2026 has qualified for 2024 ballots.
Hickey noted that campaigners are still fighting on behalf of 17.6 million workers who employers continue to pay less than $15 per hour—almost half of whom live in one of the 20 states that use the federal minimum wage.
"Policy reforms are still necessary," wrote Hickey, "to overcome federal inaction and the persistence of unjust minimum wage carve-outs like the tipped minimum wage."
"Raising the federal wage floor is the single most efficient, effective—and wildly popular—bipartisan tool we have to deliver economic stability to working people," said one supporter of the legislation.
Economic justice advocates applauded Tuesday as U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders and Congressman Bobby Scott formally introduced the Raise the Wage Act of 2023, which would increase the federal hourly minimum wage from $7.25 to $17 by 2028.
The legislation was first announced in May but the lawmakers finally unveiled the bill text a day after the 14th anniversary of the last time the national wage floor was lifted. In the years since 2009, the Fight for $15 movement has pressured several U.S. state and local governments to boost wages, but Republicans and some Democrats in Congress have blocked similar federal efforts.
"The $7.25 an hour federal minimum wage is a starvation wage. It must be raised to a living wage—at least $17 an hour," Sanders (I-Vt.), who chairs the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, said in a statement. "In the year 2023, a job should lift you out of poverty, not keep you in it."
"At a time of massive income and wealth inequality and record-breaking corporate profits, we can no longer tolerate millions of workers being unable to feed their families because they are working for totally inadequate wages. Congress can no longer ignore the needs of the working class of this country. The time to act is now."
Scott (D-Va.) declared that "no person working full-time in America should be living in poverty. The Raise the Wage Act will increase the pay and standard of living for nearly 28 million workers across this country."
That works out to about a fifth of the U.S. workforce, according to the Economic Policy Institute—which also found in an analysis published Tuesday that the bill "would provide an additional $86 billion annually in wages for the country's lowest-paid workers, with the average affected worker who works year-round receiving an extra $3,100 per year."
Scott, ranking member of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce, stressed that "raising the minimum wage is good for workers, good for business, and good for the economy. When we put money in the pockets of American workers, they will spend that money in their communities."
At a Tuesday press conference to promote the bill, Scott was joined by House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-N.Y.), Congressional Progressive Caucus Chair Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), Labor Caucus Co-Chair Donald Norcross (D-N.J.), Well-Paid Maids owner Aaron Seyedian, and Frances Holmes, who makes $13 an hour working a seasonal job at a baseball stadium St. Louis, Missouri.
"I've been in the Fight for $15 for a decade and I'm here to plead with Congress, the senators, people that vote, just anybody that'll hear our story," said Holmes, explaining her difficulty paying for rent, utilities, and food for her family. "Workers like me, we need your help."
Along with hiking the federal minimum wage over five years, the bill would phase out the subminimum wage for tipped workers, teens, and people with disabilities, and tie future increases to median wage growth. In addition to Sanders and Scott, the legislation is co-sponsored by 146 House members and 29 senators.
The bill is also backed by dozens of groups, including the AFL-CIO, Business for a Fair Minimum Wage, Demand Progress, Indivisible, Leadership Conference on Civil and Human Rights, National Employment Law Project, National Network to End Domestic Violence, One Fair Wage, Oxfam America, Patriotic Millionaires, Service Employees International Union, and United for Respect.
"Raising the federal wage floor is the single most efficient, effective—and wildly popular—bipartisan tool we have to deliver economic stability to working people," said Patriotic Millionaires chair Morris Pearl, a former managing director at BlackRock.
"Moreover, doing so will strengthen and expand the economic base for businesses across the country," Pearl added. "To preserve American democratic capitalism, we must raise the wage floor substantially and close its gaping holes. This piece of legislation is a step in the right direction."
Ten years ago, two hundred New York City low-wage workers walked off their jobs at McDonald's, Burger King, and other fast-food restaurants to demand what most observers thought impossible: 15 bucks an hour and a union.
Living costs were soaring then, much as they are today. Rents and healthcare expenses were increasingly out of reach and the federal minimum wage had not budged in three years (spoiler alert: it still hasn't). While taking home a mere $7.25 per hour to sustain some of the richest corporations in the world, these cooks and cashiers said they would have to earn more than double that to support their families without relying on public assistance.
By joining together, speaking up, and going on strike, fast-food workers in the Fight for $15 and a Union rewired the politics of wages in the country.
"I'm protesting for better pay," KFC worker Pamela Waldron told The New York Times after walking off the job. "I have two kids under 6, and I don't earn enough to buy food for them."
The National Restaurant Association dismissed that 2012 strike as a publicity stunt. Elected officials called the proposal a non-starter. Even many folks within the labor movement at the time thought $15 an hour was too bold an ask. Early on, leaders in the campaign asked me to convene a call of progressive economists who could vouch for $15 as sound economics. I struggled to gather a quorum.
But that cold November walkout--by far the biggest worker action in the history of the fast-food industry--launched a movement that would prove the skeptics wrong.
Over the past decade, the Fight for $15 has advanced a new model for change grounded in the power of grassroots organizing. Led largely by people of color, the movement has shown that to effectively challenge the stranglehold of the neoliberal political economy, interventions must come from the bottom up, reflecting the genuine voices of workers and their communities.
That first walkout may have taken people by surprise, but by April, workers in Chicago joined in. And then St. Louis and Detroit and Milwaukee and Seattle and Kansas City. By August, the movement had spread to 60 cities. A year after that, it reached 150 cities. By its fourth year, the Fight for $15 had expanded to include airport employees, home care aides, childcare workers, and adjunct professors.
Cities like San Francisco and Seattle began racing to adopt $15 an hour laws, with big states like New York and California soon to follow. Fifteen wasn't just popular in blue states: in 2020, voters in Florida backed $15 even as Donald Trump sailed to victory in the state; and in the recently concluded midterms, Nebraska voters passed $15 at the same time they elected three Republican House members and a Republican governor. As the national consciousness grew more attuned to the injustice of income inequality, the U.S. House of Representatives approved a federal $15 per hour minimum wage raise.
By joining together, speaking up, and going on strike, fast-food workers in the Fight for $15 and a Union rewired the politics of wages in the country. As more and more places adopted $15 minimums and the sky didn't fall, the economists who started off so skeptical started to get on board. Soon, politicians were racing to join workers on the picket lines. In 2015, the Democrats adopted $15 as part of the party's official platform. A Bloomberg headline from the 2020 presidential primaries noted that McDonald's strike lines had become "required campaign stops" for Democratic candidates.
This is what democracy looks like: bottom-up social movements with the vision and numbers to demand change. Workers in the Fight for $15 and a Union have the receipts to prove it: some 27 million have seen their paychecks increase by a collective $150 billion over the past 10 years, according to the National Employment Law Project. Roughly 43% of U.S. workers are on their way to making $15 per hour or more.
The only problem with waging a decade-spanning campaign for fair wages is that the baseline is always shifting. While economists and politicians and labor experts have gotten on board, the economy has changed. The pandemic exposed how reliant Americans are on underpaid essential workers, as well as the disproportionate harm they suffer when crisis hits. Now, inflation has soared to its highest level in 40 years and $15 an hour is no longer enough.
The good news is we have the tools and the momentum to do more. Unions have attained their greatest popularity in decades. Workers all over the country are demanding unions at once-unthinkable giants like Apple, Starbucks, and Amazon. Earlier this month, hundreds of service workers across the south joined together to launch the Union of Southern Service Workers, pledging to fight for higher pay and a seat at the table in a region of the country with the lowest union density in the nation. In California, half a million fast-food workers won a seat at the table following two years of pandemic-era protests when Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the Fast Recovery Act on Labor Day.
The boldness, vision, and solidarity of today's workers is palpable--and so are their critiques of massive income inequality, chronic student debt, inaccessible healthcare, and more. Since 2012, the consensus has shifted on how much one needs to make in order to live and save for the future. And more and more, workers are demanding unions as the solution.
In this age of innovation, the true disruptors are those who can turn pie-in-the-sky fantasies into reality. Workers in the Fight for $15 and a Union have shown what's possible when they organize. Now, let us dare to imagine what's possible in the next 10 years.
Nebraskans voted Tuesday to incrementally raise the state's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2026 as corporate price hikes continue to eat into workers' paychecks and the federal wage floor remains stuck at a paltry $7.25.
The ballot measure, known as Initiative 433, succeeded by a vote of 58.2% to 41.8% despite opposition from influential corporate lobbying groups in the state, including the Nebraska Chamber of Commerce.
Starting in 2023, Nebraska's current $9 minimum wage will rise to $10.50 and increase by $1.50 every year until it reaches $15 an hour in 2026. Thereafter, the wage will be adjusted for inflation, which is currently at a four-decade high.
"We know from experience that fair pay drives hiring, employee retention, and the excellent service our customers count on."
While some Nebraska business organizations campaigned against Initiative 433--trotting out the well-worn and debunked argument that a minimum wage hike would come at the expense of jobs--more than 300 small business owners in the state publicly endorsed the ballot measure.
"Voters did the right thing for workers and businesses in passing Initiative 433," said Steph Terry, director of operations, Morrow Collision Center in Lincoln. "We know from experience that fair pay drives hiring, employee retention, and the excellent service our customers count on. Raising the minimum wage will help our state build a stronger workforce and economy."
Holly Sklar, CEO of Business for a Fair Minimum Wage, said in a statement Wednesday that "minimum wage increases don't stay in workers' pockets."
"They go right back into communities as workers and their families have more to spend at local businesses," said Sklar. "Now Congress needs to get the message and raise the abysmal $7.25 federal minimum wage."
Since the national Fight for $15 movement began a decade ago, states, cities, and localities across the country have raised their minimum wages, delivering pay increases to tens of millions of workers amid continued federal inaction. The federal minimum wage has been stagnant for 13 years, keeping the wage floor low in a number of states.
The raise that Nebraska's minimum wage workers will see in 2023 will be the first since 2016, when the state minimum wage rose from $8 an hour to $9.
"Local businesses like mine depend on local spending," said Cinnamon Dokken, the owner of A Novel Idea Bookstore in Lincoln. "The last time Nebraska increased the minimum wage, our revenues grew and we raised our wages. We look forward to that again with the passage of Initiative 433. Raising the minimum wage will put more money in workers' pockets and foster the better job performance that is vital for small business competitiveness."
The minimum wage was also on the ballot elsewhere in the U.S. on Tuesday. In Washington, D.C., voters approved a ballot initiative that calls for raising the minimum wage for tipped workers from $5.35 per hour to $16.10 per hour by 2027.
A ballot measure in Portland, Maine that proposed raising the city's minimum wage to $18 an hour and eliminating the sub-minimum wage for tipped workers was rejected by voters, a defeat campaigners attributed to an aggressive corporate misinformation effort.
"The National Restaurant Association, Uber, and DoorDash poured in hundreds of thousands of dollars to spread misinformation and lies, confusing workers and voters," Saru Jayaraman, the president of One Fair Wage, said in a statement Wednesday. "We will keep fighting to get One Fair Wage in Maine, especially now with inflation making it hard for people to survive."
Marking the 13-year anniversary of the last federal minimum wage increase in the U.S.--a meager boost from $5.15 to $7.25 in 2009--progressive campaigners on Sunday urged congressional Democrats to make another push to raise the national pay floor as inflation continues to diminish workers' purchasing power.
"Congress must act to raise wages for the tens of millions of workers who are struggling just to get by."
"Today is a sad anniversary in the United States," said Morris Pearl, chair of the Patriotic Millionaires, a group that advocates progressive economic policy. "For 13 years now, Congress has failed to act to raise the $7.25 hourly federal minimum wage. Lawmakers have turned their backs on America's tens of millions of low-wage workers and revealed themselves to be beholden to the short-sighted interests of some of their ultra-rich donors."
According to a recent analysis by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI), the real value of the federal minimum wage is currently at its lowest point in nearly seven decades amid record-high inflation, which spurred a decrease in real average hourly earnings between June 2021 and June 2022 as corporate profits soared.
"Last July marked the longest period without a minimum wage increase since Congress established the federal minimum wage in 1938," EPI noted, "and continued inaction on the federal minimum wage over the past year has only further eroded the minimum wage's value."
In 2021, Senate Democrats stripped a proposed $15 federal minimum wage from their coronavirus relief package on the advice of the chamber's parliamentarian, an unelected official tasked with offering non-binding opinions on whether legislation complies with Senate rules.
Eight Senate Democrats joined Republicans in voting down Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-Vt.) last-ditch attempt to reinclude the provision, which was approved by the House.
Amid more than a decade of federal inaction, states and localities across the U.S. have raised their hourly wage floors in response to pressure from the grassroots Fight for $15 movement.
But $7.25 an hour remains the prevailing minimum wage in 20 states. The tipped subminimum wage is still $3 an hour or lower in 22 states.
Had the federal minimum wage risen at the same rate as Wall Street bonuses, it would now be $61.75 an hour instead of $7.25. If the minimum wage had kept pace with worker productivity since 1968, it would have been around $23 an hour last year.
"Regressive politicians across this country have kept our wages down for years," Fight for $15 wrote in a Twitter post. "That's why it's important that we get at least $15/hour federal minimum wage. That way no one gets left behind."
Morris of the Patriotic Millionaires said Sunday that "$7.25 was already inadequate back in 2009 when the minimum wage was last raised, but now it is downright deplorable."
"Since 2009, workers have endured the Great Recession, a worldwide pandemic, historic inflation, and massive changes in the cost of living," Pearl added. "And what have they gotten in return? A minimum wage that is worth 27% less than its 2009 value, one that now isn't enough to afford even a single-bedroom apartment in 93% of the country."
"In the face of rapidly rising costs for American families, Congress must act to raise wages for the tens of millions of workers who are struggling just to get by. They must immediately raise the federal minimum wage to at least $15 an hour. Our country cannot afford to reach a 14th anniversary of $7.25."
And if congressional Democrats can't muster "the political will" to raise the federal minimum wage to at least $15 an hour--a move that would boost the incomes of more than 30 million people across the country--"then the president must act," said Pearl.
"When President Biden came into office, he raised the minimum wage for employees of federal contractors to $15," he pointed out. "Given the rising cost of living, he should now raise the minimum wage for federal contractors even higher, to no less than $20 an hour. This move will benefit hundreds of thousands of workers, prove to voters that Democrats care about working people, and provide a strong example to spur Congressional Democrats to action."
"The president," Pearl added, "is supposed to be the leader of our country--it's time for Biden to lead on this critical issue."
As a record number of U.S. states and cities raise their minimum wages following a decade of grassroots organizing by the #FightFor15 movement, the Biden administration on Friday directed federal agencies to pay government employees at least $15 an hour.
"How the federal government treats its workforce has real impact."
The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) issued new guidance to the heads of all executive departments and agencies instructing them to implement the new wage by January 30. Nearly 70,000 federal workers are expected to receive a raise as a result of the new policy, which was first reported by Axios.
OPM Director Kiran Ahuja said in a statement that "as the largest employer in the country, how the federal government treats its workforce has real impact. Raising pay rates across the federal government to a minimum of $15 per hour reflects our appreciation for the federal workforce and our values as a nation."
Everett Kelley, president of the American Federation of Government Employees--which represents 700,000 federal workers--called President Joe Biden's move "one of his most significant actions to date."
"For the tens of thousands of workers who will start seeing more money in their paychecks each week, this is a transformative policy choice that will improve their everyday lives," Kelley said in a statement. "Setting a new $15 per hour wage floor for federal government work will encourage employers across the country who are currently paying poverty wages to compete for labor and start paying fairer rates, lifting the wages of American workers across the country."
The administration's move follows a recommendation in an executive order signed by Biden during his first week in office. Last November, the U.S. Labor Department announced that all federal contract workers will be paid at least $15 per hour starting in January--a policy ordered by Biden in April--while asserting that all U.S. workers should receive at least that much.
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Reacting to the November announcement, Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-Wash.), who chairs the Congressional Progressive Caucus, said, "Now, let's take this nationwide and give over 30 million workers a much-needed and well-deserved raise."
Correction: This article originally cited an SEIU press release claiming "nearly 700,000 federal workers are expected to receive a raise." The true number is nearly 70,000, according to OPM.
More than 20 states across the U.S. increased their minimum wages on the first day of 2022, raises that called additional attention to the fact that the federal wage floor remains at $7.25 an hour--where it has been stuck for more than a decade.
"The average worker, when adjusting for inflation, is making $44 a week LESS today than they made in the 1970s."
In an analysis published Thursday, David Cooper, Krista Faries, and Sebastian Martinez Hickey of the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) observed that the January 1 wage hikes in 21 states "range from a $0.22 inflation adjustment in Michigan to a $1.50 per hour raise in Virginia, the equivalent of an annual increase ranging from $458 to $3,120 for a full-time, full-year minimum wage worker."
"The January 1 increases in 11 states--California, Delaware, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia--are the result of legislation passed by state lawmakers to raise their state's wage floors," the EPI experts wrote. "In nine states, the changes are the result of automatic annual inflation adjustments."
Other states are slated to raise their wages later in the new year. According to the National Employment Law Project, a record 81 U.S. jurisdictions will increase their minimum wages in 2022, and voters in several states could have the chance to vote on wage-related ballot initiatives during the midterms--a testament to the growing momentum of the worker-led Fight for $15 movement.
In California, a proposed ballot measure led by Los Angeles investor and activist Joe Sanberg seeks to gradually raise the state minimum wage to $18 an hour beginning in 2023.
Additionally, under an executive order that President Joe Biden signed back in April, the minimum wage for federal contract workers will rise to $15 an hour by January 30, 2022.
While data-collecting challenges stemming from the pandemic have made it difficult to estimate how many workers will benefit from the raises that took effect on January 1, the EPI researchers stressed in their new analysis that "minimum wage increases are as crucial as ever in the current context--to protect low-wage workers from exploitation and continue toward the goal of a living wage for all workers."
"From a macroeconomic perspective, it's smart policy," they added. "Low-wage households--who disproportionately benefit from increases to the minimum wage--are highly likely to quickly spend the extra dollars they receive, bolstering consumer demand as the economy continues to recover."
But despite the fresh wage hikes, the EPI experts emphasized that 20 states--half of which are in the South--still adhere to the federal minimum of $7.25 an hour, spotlighting the need for action at the federal level.
"As economic research continues to show that higher minimum wages work precisely as they're intended--lifting pay for low-wage workers with little, if any, impact on their job prospects--there is no excuse for lawmakers to let the federal minimum wage continue to languish," they argued.

Early last year, House Democrats passed a coronavirus relief package that included a $15 federal minimum wage provision, but Senate Democratic leaders later removed the measure to conform to the advice of the upper chamber's unelected parliamentarian.
Eight Senate Democrats then proceeded to join Republicans in voting down Sen. Bernie Sanders' (I-Vt.) attempt to overrule the parliamentarian and reinclude the provision.
In a tweet on Thursday, Sanders lamented that "the average worker, when adjusting for inflation, is making $44 a week LESS today than they made in the 1970s."
The recent, record-breaking surge in inflation--which has been caused by a number of factors, including pandemic-related supply chain disruptions and corporate profiteering--has eroded the modest wage growth that workers have seen over the past year, leading many employees to seek out higher pay and better benefits using the leverage conferred by a tight labor market.
The EPI's Cooper, Faries, and Hickey wrote Thursday that "with consumer prices rising substantially over the past year, the need for a higher federal minimum wage is more acute than ever--and the longer Congress waits to enact an increase, the larger that increase will need to be to establish an adequate wage floor."
"The Raise the Wage Act of 2021--a bill that would raise the federal minimum wage to $15 by 2025--would finally set the country's minimum wage on the path to a livable wage," they argued, "achieving a policy goal that economic and racial justice advocates have been demanding for over 50 years."
Amid historic and ever-increasing wage inequality and as a record number of U.S. jurisdictions are set to raise their minimum wages in 2022, Michigan food service industry employees, owners, and advocates have launched a campaign in support of a ballot initiative to lift the state's hourly pay floor from under $10 to $15 for all workers, including those who receive tips.
"The restaurant industry has had the lowest-paying jobs for generations, largely due to the money, power, and influence of a trade lobby called the National Restaurant Association."
The Raise the Wage Michigan Ballot Committee kicked off last week with the goal of boosting the state's minimum wage from the current level of $9.65--but just $3.67 for tipped employees--to $15 for all workers.
Speaking at a Tuesday press conference, Saru Jayaraman, co-founder and president of One Fair Wage--an advocacy group that is supporting the initiative--called the fight for $15 "the most popular issue that exists in the state."
"Everybody overwhelmingly agrees, people deserve to be paid a fair living wage when they work," she said.
"The restaurant industry has had the lowest-paying jobs for generations, largely due to the money, power, and influence of a trade lobby called the National Restaurant Association, which we call 'the other NRA,'" Jayaraman added, before explaining how restaurant owners have been using tips as a way to avoid paying their workers since the Reconstruction era.
"Michigan persists as one of 43 states with a legacy of slavery--a subminimum wage--and a very low overall wage of just under $10 an hour," Jayaraman said. "Neither is enough for people to live on."
As of August, there were 16 states where tipped workers earn the federally mandated $2.13 minimum wage, according to the Economic Policy Institute (EPI). For other workers, the federal minimum wage is $7.25.
"Even before the pandemic, restaurant workers, tipped workers, were overwhelmingly women, mostly women working in very casual restaurants, struggling with three times the poverty rate of other workers and experiencing the highest rates of sexual harassment... because they have to put up with all kinds of inappropriate customer behavior to get tips," said Jayaraman.
Davante Burnley, the executive chef at the Monarch Club in downtown Detroit, said during the press conference that "the restaurant industry is one of the more difficult industries to work in, with long hours, weekends, late nights, holidays, you name it."
"I just don't see why it should be even a question to pay these people, during the pandemic especially," he added. "I think it's extremely important to pay these people a fair and livable wage without them having to rely on tips and have to deal with disgruntled and disrespectful and harassing customers."
The new Michigan campaign comes as a record 81 U.S. states, counties, cities, and towns prepare to increase their minimum wages in 2022.
Some places are setting their sights even higher; in California, where the fight for $20 is already underway, voters could soon get to decide whether to gradually raise the state's minimum wage from $15 (effective January 1) to $18 by 2026, thanks to a proposed ballot initiative spearheaded by investor and anti-poverty campaigner Joe Sanberg.
According to EPI, increasing the federal minimum wage from $7.25 an hour to $15 an hour would mean that 32 million people--or over 20% of the nation's workforce--would get a raise.
If the federal minimum wage had kept pace with inflation since 1968, it would be over $26 today, according to figures from the Center for Economic and Policy Research.