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Cases of Water-Borne Illnesses Surge in Gaza Under Israeli Blockade: Oxfam
"It is shameful Israel has been allowed to besiege Gaza and create this catastrophe."
Jul 24, 2025
Oxfam International said Wednesday that cases of water-borne illnesses are surging in the Gaza Strip as the Israeli government continues to impede the flow of desperately needed humanitarian assistance, depriving Palestinians of access to uncontaminated water, medicine, food, and other necessities.
The aid organization said that health data from the besieged enclave "shows that the numbers of Palestinians presenting to health facilities with acute watery diarrhea have increased by 150%, bloody diarrhea by 302%, and acute jaundice cases by 101%"—figures that likely understate the extent of the health crisis given that many Gazans lack access to healthcare facilities.
The enclave's manufactured hunger crisis has worsened the spread of disease, as malnutrition weakens the immune system, particularly in children.
"The conditions that Palestinians in Gaza are being forced to endure have created a Petri dish for disease. These are diseases that thrive where people lack water—clean or otherwise—and are stuck in overcrowded, unsanitary environments with almost no food," said Bushra Khalidi, Oxfam's policy lead in the occupied Palestinian territory and Israel.
"There is a grim and deliberate inevitability as to what Israel has created in Gaza. Each day that its siege continues and it denies aid, starvation becomes increasingly widespread and human deaths from entirely preventable diseases becomes an absolute certainty," Khalidi continued. "It is shameful Israel has been allowed to besiege Gaza and create this catastrophe. Nothing other than complete access to Gaza to deliver aid at scale can alleviate the conditions that people have been forced to live in."
The spread of disease has been a major concern of humanitarian organizations and the United Nations since Israel launched its war on the Gaza Strip following the deadly Hamas-led attack of October 7, 2023. The World Health Organization warned the month after Israel began its assault that disease could ultimately be a bigger killer than bombs in the Gaza Strip.
Khalidi said Wednesday that each day the Israeli siege continues, "starvation becomes increasingly widespread and human deaths from entirely preventable diseases becomes an absolute certainty."
Gaza's Ministry of Health said Thursday that at least 113 Palestinians, most of them children, have died of starvation in the enclave since October 2023.
Philippe Lazzarini, commissioner-general of the U.N. Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, said in a statement Thursday that a colleague told him people in Gaza "are neither dead nor alive, they are walking corpses."
"When child malnutrition surges, coping mechanisms fail, access to food and care disappears, famine silently begins to unfold," said Lazzarini. "Most children our teams are seeing are emaciated, weak, and at high risk of dying if they don't get the treatment they urgently need."
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Death, Lost Limbs, and Starvation: Gaza Children Suffer Unimaginably as World Continues to 'Look Away'
More than 17,000 children have been reported killed over the past 20 months of bombardment by Israel. But that figure only scratches the surface of the suffering being inflicted.
Jul 16, 2025
Several new reports from the United Nations have once again highlighted the horrific toll Israel's genocidal military onslaught has taken on the children of Gaza.
More than 17,000 children have been reported killed over the past 20 months. But that figure only scratches the surface of the suffering being inflicted.
Reports released this week detailed overwhelming malnourishment among children due to Israel's blockade of food entering the strip. Meanwhile, children losing limbs from war wounds is a daily occurrence.
As The Guardian's editorial board wrote yesterday, "a classroom-worth of children have been killed each day since the war began." Over just the past week, there have been multiple horrific massacres in which children were killed.
On Sunday, six children were killed by an Israeli drone strike while waiting to collect water, deaths Israel attributed to a "technical error." The Thursday before that, another 10 children were killed by an airstrike as they lined up outside a hospital waiting for nutritional supplements and treatment.
As The Guardian noted, these children were in such positions as a result of Israel's deliberate strangulation of their access to the resources needed to live:
Those six thirsty children should not have needed to queue for water due to what the UN calls a human-made drought. Human Rights Watch believes that thousands of Palestinians have died due to Israel's deliberate pattern of actions to deprive them of water, which it alleges amounts to the crime against humanity of extermination as well as acts of genocide.
Those 10 hungry children should not have required nutritional supplements, but Israel continues to choke off aid and civilians are starving.
On Tuesday, UNRWA reported that 1 in 10 of the children screened in its clinics suffer from acute malnutrition.
"Our health teams are confirming that malnutrition rates are increasing in Gaza, especially since the siege was tightened more than four months ago on the second of March," UNRWA's director of communications, Juliette Touma, told reporters in Geneva via a video link from Amman, Jordan.
"One nurse that we spoke to told us that in the past, he only saw these cases of malnutrition in textbooks and documentaries," Touma said. "Medicine, nutrition supplies, hygiene material, fuel are all rapidly running out."
In a post on UNRWA's blog, Touma wrote:
There are very little therapeutic supplies to treat children with malnutrition as basics are scarce in Gaza. The Israeli authorities have imposed a tight siege blocking the entry of food, medicines, medical and nutritional supplies and hygiene material includ[ing] soap. While the siege is sometimes eased, UNRWA (the largest humanitarian organisation in Gaza) has not been allowed to bring in humanitarian assistance since 2 March.
She said that UNRWA has more than 6,000 aid trucks waiting for the "green light" from Israeli authorities, who continue to block them.
"Why should babies die of malnutrition in the 21st century, especially when it's totally preventable?" she asked.
Another report from the U.N.-sponsored Global Protection Cluster found that in addition to the 17,000 children reported dead, more than 40,000 have war-related disabilities. A quarter of those require acute or ongoing rehabilitation.
It found that on average, "10 children per day lose one or both of their legs" as a result of ongoing attacks by Israeli forces.
In December, U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres reported that "Gaza now has the highest number of child amputees per capita anywhere in the world—many losing limbs and undergoing surgeries without even anesthesia."
This is due in part to the war's effects on Gaza's hospitals, just 47% of which remain partially functional due to destruction by the Israeli military and supply shortages caused by the blockade.
"Gaza’s shattered health system is overwhelmed—and aid is being blocked by the government of Israel. The world cannot continue to look away," said UNRWA in a post Tuesday.
With the backing of the United States, Israel has banned UNRWA staff from entering the Gaza Strip since March, citing uncorroborated accusations that 19 out of UNRWA's approximately 13,000 staff in Gaza took part in Hamas' October 7 attack on Israel.
Since then, aid infrastructure in the strip has been largely demolished, with most of it now directed by the U.S.-Israeli-administered Gaza Humanitarian Foundation. More than 870 people have been killed in massacres at these aid sites.
"The U.N., including UNRWA and partners, must be allowed to do their work and bring in humanitarian assistance at scale, including for children, said Philippe Lazzarini, the UNRWA commissioner-general. "Any additional delay to a cease-fire now will cause more deaths."
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'An Avoidable Disaster': Israeli Blockade of Gaza Could Starve Hundreds of Premature Babies
The Associated Press reported Wednesday that 580 premature infants are at risk of death due to "depleted" reserves of baby formula.
Jun 26, 2025
Israel's blockade of aid is starving hundreds of premature babies, according to new reports that cite Gaza health officials, doctors, and aid groups.
The Associated Press reported Wednesday that 580 premature infants are at risk of death, according to the Gaza Health Ministry, due to a shortage of medical-grade formula entering the strip.
Despite a recent policy change by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to allow "minimal aid" into the strip following a total blockade of food, water, shelter, and medication, it has proven far too little to keep hospitals running and keep people fed. It has proven especially deadly for children.
The AP report quotes Dr. Ahmed al-Farah, head of the pediatrics and obstetrics department at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, one of the few functional medical facilities left in Gaza.
Last week, al-Farah warned that the hospital's stock of milk was "completely depleted," and that unless aid was delivered immediately, the babies would face "an avoidable disaster." The widely publicized call was answered with the shipment of 20 boxes of formula from the U.S. aid group Rahma Worldwide.
Al-Farah said this was enough to meet the needs of 10 babies for two weeks, but warned that in the long run it would be far too little, especially with no guarantee of aid in the future.
"This is not enough at all," he told the AP. "It solved the problem temporarily, but what we need is a permeant solution: Lift the siege."
Many other hospitals reported shortages of formula that had not been answered, such as Al-Rantisi Hospital in Gaza City, which was completely out of stock.
Fortified milk has become increasingly necessary in Gaza due to the increasing number of premature births. In May, the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) reported that as a result of widespread hunger, 1 in 5 children is now born pre-term or underweight. That malnutrition has also left many new mothers unable to breastfeed.
Dr. Asaad Nawajha, a pediatric specialist at Nasser Hospital, told Middle East Eye that the blockade has proven catastrophic for the health of both children and their mothers.
"This all goes back to the [harsh] conditions mothers endure amid this vicious war on the Gaza Strip," Nawajha said. "Due to the lack of nutritious items entering the Gaza Strip, both mothers and children have been exposed to illnesses resulting from malnutrition."
The Israeli government's Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) has insisted that the amount of aid allowed into Gaza is sufficient to provide for the population.
On June 22, COGAT announced that 430 aid trucks had been allowed to enter the strip during the preceding week. However, this is but a fraction of the more than 600 trucks per day that the United Nations is necessary to meet their needs.
Many people who have come to aid sites administered by the Gaza Humanitarian Foundation (GHF), to obtain the meager supplies available, have been met with deadly violence from the Israeli military.
Since May 27, at least 549 Palestinians have been killed and more than 4,000 injured by Israeli forces at these sites, according to the U.N. Office for Coordinated Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and the Gaza Ministry of Health. The Gaza Media Office reports at least 19 fatal incidents at these GHF sites over the span of just one month.
Many of the victims have been children. According to a study released Thursday by the humanitarian group Save the Children, children have been killed at 10 of those 19 incidents.
"No child should be killed searching for food," said Ahmad Alhendawi, Save the Children's regional director for the Middle East, North Africa, and Eastern Europe. "This is not a humanitarian operation—it’s a death trap."
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