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In the wake of the U.S. government's decision to launch the Global War on Terror, local and national organizations across the country banded together to form United for Peace and Justice in 2003. We continue to call for an end to U.S. wars and believe now more strongly than ever that these wars manifest the ongoing horror and depravity that started on September 11, 2001. With the killing of Osama bin Laden, President Obama claims that justice has been done. But there is no justice in the millions of people displaced and hundreds of thousands of civilian lives lost due to U.S.
In the wake of the U.S. government's decision to launch the Global War on Terror, local and national organizations across the country banded together to form United for Peace and Justice in 2003. We continue to call for an end to U.S. wars and believe now more strongly than ever that these wars manifest the ongoing horror and depravity that started on September 11, 2001. With the killing of Osama bin Laden, President Obama claims that justice has been done. But there is no justice in the millions of people displaced and hundreds of thousands of civilian lives lost due to U.S. wars. The continued bombings and military operations in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and now Libya ensure more innocent people will be killed. The tragedy will not come to an end until the wars are put to an end.
Here's a sampling of the responses to the killing of bin Laden shared by member groups and distinguished peace/anti-war activists. We will continue to add pieces as we come across them.
September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Urge President Obama To Lead the Nation on a Path to Peace
September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows has always believed violence should be met with nonviolence, terror should be confronted with courage, and grief could be fashioned into action for peace. We said this in the days and months after 9-11, and we stand by our convictions today. https://www.peacefultomorrows.org/article.php?id=1029
American Muslim Voices' statement on Osma Bin Laden's killing
American Muslim Voice Foundation has been committed to build an inclusive, peaceful and beloved nation since its inception. September 11th 2001 was one of the worst tragedies of our nation, that tragedy was used to create a culture of despair, division, hate and violence around the world. Let us hope that we can all focus on healing and building a culture of hope, inclusion, love and peace. https://www.amuslimvoice.org/html/body_amv_statement_on_osama.html
Iraq Veterans Against the War: Bin Laden Dead, What Next?
Sunday night IVAW learned with the rest of the nation that Osama Bin Laden was killed and his body captured by a team of U.S. Special Forces in Abbottabad, Pakistan. In light of our resolution condemning the occupation of Afghanistan adopted in 2009, we have followed this important news closely and want to share our perspective with supporters, elected officials, policymakers, the press, and the public at large. https://www.ivaw.org/blog/bin-laden-dead-what-next
Military Families Speak Out: Some deaths can't be assuaged by this one... (By Dante Zappala)
The demise of bin Laden does little to undo the countless mistakes we've made in his name.
Amid the requisite flag-waving, chanting, and nationalistic fervor over the death of Osama bin Laden, I will not be rejoicing myself. There will be no vindication for me as I remember the sacrifice of my brother, a soldier killed in Iraq in 2004.
Code Pink: Enough -- Let the Peace Begin
For us, the death of Osama Bin Laden is a time of profound reflection. With his death, we remember and mourn all the lives lost on September 11. We remember and mourn all the lives lost in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan. We remember and mourn the death of our soldiers. And we say, as we have been saying for the past nine years, "Enough."https://codepink.org/blog/2011/05/osama-bin-laden-is-dead-let-the-peace-begin/
Dallas Peace Center hopes bin Laden death is turning point
On May 1, President Barack Obama announced was made that Osama Bin Laden was killed in a military operation. He declared that "justice has been served." If this is so, then we need to reflect on the price of that justice, and our opportunities for going forward. The death of Osama Bin Laden should be used as a turning point at which we can put away our instruments of war in Afghanistan and use diplomacy to further address concerns and grievances.
https://www.dallaspeacecenter.org/?id=1
Friends Committee on National Legislation: Take Action: Responding to the Death of Osama bin Laden
The U.S. assassination of Osama bin Laden announced on Sunday night continues the violence initiated by al Qaeda's attacks on the United States and the reciprocation of war in Afghanistan and Iraq. While many people in the United States may feel closure or vindication in the death of the man who claimed to be the intellectual author of the September 11 attacks, for many others it is a failure of imagination and of political will that led to answering violence with more violence. https://fcnl.org/action/alert/2011/lam0502/
Green Party of the United States: After the death of Osama bin Laden, the next step must be peace, including rapid withdrawal from Afghanistan
WASHINGTON, DC -- Green Party leaders on Monday expressed hope that news of the killing of Osama bin Laden marks a new stage, in which US troops are withdrawn from Iraq and Afghanistan; air assaults on Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Libya are halted; the US presses Israel to observe full human rights and justice for the Palestinian people; and violations of domestic civil liberties are overturned. https://www.gp.org/press/pr-national.php?ID=419
Malu 'Aina Center for Non-violent Education and Action: Alternative Voices to Triumphal Celebration: On the announced killing of Osama bin Laden
It Was Vengeance, Not Justice. Shot In Cold Blood. Bin Laden 'Was Not Armed and Did Not Use Wife as Human Shield. U.S. Sinks Deeper into a Moral Abyss.
1. Mourn all victims of violence. 2. Reject war as a solution. 3. Defend civil liberties. 4. Oppose all discrimination, anti-Islamic, anti-Semitic, etc. 5. Seek peace through justice in Hawai`i and around the world. https://malu-aina.org/
Mid-Missouri Peaceworks: Prospects for Peace, Post-Osama bin Laden
While many of our fellow Americans are celebrating the fact that U.S. forces have killed Osama bin Laden, we at Peaceworks, while eager to see all who've committed heinous crimes brought to justice, will only celebrate steps taken to end the violence that 9/11 has been used to justify.
https://blog.midmopeaceworks.org/2011/05/prospects-for-peace-post-osama-bin.html
Pax Christi USA official statement on the death of Osama bin Laden
The killing of Osama bin Laden is an occasion for deep reflection. It must become a turning point in our nation's nearly decade-long wars in response to the tragedy of 9/11. As people of faith, and as Catholics who, only days ago, celebrated Christ's victory over condemnation, torture and death, we pause in this moment in a posture of prayer and repentance.
https://paxchristiusa.org/2011/05/04/statement-pax-christi-usa-official-statement-on-the-death-of-osama-bin-laden/
Tikkun's Spiritual Response to the Assassination of Osama bin Laden
by Peter Gabel and Michael Lerner
There is no question that Osama bin Laden, as the leader of al-Qaida, was implicated in or directly responsible for the deaths of many, many people, most likely including the more than 3,000 American and, women, and children who were killed in the Twin Towers on September 11, 2001. But it was nevertheless upsetting and shocking to witness the exultation in the media last night when bin Laden's killing was announced. Never should the killing of a human being be an occasion for such celebration -- even in circumstances that involve actual self-defense against mortal danger.
https://www.tikkun.org/nextgen/tikkuns-spiritual-response-to-the-assassination-of-osama-bin-laden
U.S. Labor Against the War: Osama bin Laden is dead. Let's bring all our troops home!
Bin Laden's death is a moment for remembrance and reflection about all the innocent lives lost NY, DC and PA on 9/11. For the thousands of grieving families, perhaps his death will provide a step toward closure.
It is also a moment to reflect on the cost in lives - both civilian and military - and treasure sacrificed in Afghanistan over the course of nearly ten years.
https://hq-salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/2488/t/0/blastContent.jsp?email_blast_KEY=1213303
Veterans For Peace: Justice Has Been Done?
"Justice has been done," said President Obama.
"Justice has been done."
"Justice has been done."
Justice has been done!? Justice? Justice?? For the last ten years, we've been engaged in an exercise of justice? That's what you call what we've been doing? https://www.veteransforpeace.org/news_detail.php?idx=64
War Resisters League: Bringing Osama bin Laden to Justice? Not Justice, Not Victory: Just Another Murder in the Name of Peace
"I keep thinking of how awful it was to hear that there were people actually celebrating on 9-11. Now I look at the TV and see the same thing." -Family member of a man killed in the World Trade Center of September 11, 2001.
The reported killing of Osama bin Laden by a CIA operation in Pakistan represents neither justice nor victory, and should be no cause for celebration. https://www.warresisters.org/node/1166
Washington Peace Center: WPC Response to bin Laden's Death
In response to Osama bin Laden's death, Phyllis Bennis writes, "Regardless of bin Laden's death, as long as those deadly U.S. wars continue in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and beyond, justice has not been done." We at the Washington Peace Center know that violence cannot bring lasting justice and peace. https://washingtonpeacecenter.net/node/5183
Commentary:
Justice or Vengeance?
By Phyllis Bennis
In the midst of the Arab Spring, which directly rejects al-Qaeda-style small-group violence in favor of mass-based, society-wide mobilization and non-violent protest to challenge dictatorship and corruption, does the killing of Osama bin Laden represent ultimate justice, or even an end to the "unfinished business" of 9/11? https://www.ips-dc.org/articles/bin_laden_justice_or_vengeance
Bin Laden is Dead. Can We Go Home Now?
By Rebecca Gordon War Times
Osama bin Laden is dead. The desire to "capture or kill" this man provided the pretext for two wars and the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis and thousands of Afghans and U.S. soldiers. The institutions and infrastructure of a modern developed state were all but destroyed in one country. In the other, a vile, murderous and misogynist regime was replaced with a vile, corrupt, and less overtly, but equally misogynist regime.
https://war-times.org/can_we_go_home
Beyond Retaliation
by Kathy Kelly Voice For Creative Nonviolence
This morning, a reporter called to talk about the news that the U.S. has killed Osama bin Laden. Referring to throngs of young people celebrating outside the White House, the reporter asked what Voices would say if we had a chance to speak with those young people.
https://vcnv.org/beyond-retaliation
No tears for bin Laden, but no champagne toasts either, except for Pete Seeger's 92nd birthday!
Kevin Martin Executive Director Peace Action
Osama bin Laden's actions were heinous, so the death of this mass murderer is understandably a welcome relief for some. The endless wars, killing of hundreds of thousands of Iraqis, Afghans, Pakistanis and Americans, draining of our treasury on same while human needs go begging, torture and "extraordinary rendition," shredding of the Bill of Rights - that's all on us.
https://peaceblog.wordpress.com/2011/05/03/no-tears-for-bin-laden-but-no-champagne-toasts-either-except-for-pete-seegers-92nd-birthday/
The War Is Over. Kiss a Nurse and Start Packing
Robert Naiman Policy Director at Just Foreign Policy
We got our man. Wave the flag, kiss a nurse, and start packing the equipment. It's time to plan to bring all our boys and girls home from Afghanistan. When the 10th anniversary of the September 11 attacks rolls around, let the world see that we are on a clear path to bringing home our troops from Afghanistan and handing back sovereignty to the Afghan people.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-naiman/afghanistan-war-end_b_856322.html
International law and the killing of Osama bin Laden
By Jonathan Evans Friends Committee on National Legislation
When I first heard President Obama's announcement that Osama bin Laden had been killed in a U.S. military operation inside Pakistan, I immediately began to wonder about the relationship between international law and the U.S. operation. Questions began to arise in my mind. Questions such as: Did the U.S. have approval from the Pakistani government for the operation? Did the Pakistani military or intelligence agencies participate in the operation? How will this affect U.S. relations with the governments and the people of Pakistan and Afghanistan? And, ultimately, has the U.S. violated international law? I know that I was not alone in my questioning.
https://fcnl.org/blog/2c/International_Law_and_The_Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden/
What do we mean by "justice"?
By Ethan Vesely-Flad Fellowship Of Reconciliation
This week's news of the death of Osama bin Laden has provoked a deep mixture of emotions throughout the world, and for those of us in the self-defined peace and justice community, it feels there are additional layers that are especially difficult to navigate.
https://forusa.org/blogs/ethan-vesely-flad/what-do-we-mean-justice/8721
The US Needs to Focus on Not Creating Any More bin Ladens :
American Muslim Voice founder Samina Sundas on her reactions to the killing of Osama bin Laden
May 3, 2011 - The following is an interview with Samina Sundas, a Pakistani-American activist who founded American Muslim Voice in the wake of the 9/11 attacks. CODEPINK organizer Rae Abileah interviewed Samina on May 2, the morning after President Obama's announcement that Osama Bin Laden was assassinated by US forces in Pakistan. https://www.alternet.org/story/150821/the_us_needs_to_focus_on_not_crea...
Death of Osama bin Laden Makes Peace Groups Ask: "What's Next?"
by: James Russell - Thursday 5 May 2011,Truthout
For Gizella Czene of Van Nuys, California, the celebratory tone surrounding Osama bin Laden's death was eerily reminiscent of the immediate days following 9/11, when, as she put it, "nationalistic belligerent fervor overtook our nation."
https://www.truthout.org/death-osama-bin-laden-makes-peace-groups-ask-whats-next/1304613893
United for Peace and Justice was founded, in 2003, to build a coalition of local and national peace and justice organizations to prevent the War on Iraq. The conflicts raging around the world today make it clear that the need to work for peace remains more important than ever. That is why UFPJ reorganized, in 2008, as a network and now operates with an all-volunteer Coordinating Committee, supported by one part-time staff member who assists with UFPJ action alerts, campaigns, and organizing. They meet weekly to manage the ongoing communication and administrative requirements of the network.
"A ceasefire is welcome, but if the terms Iran announced tonight are accurate, the United States and Israel are facing a truly humiliating defeat," one expert told Common Dreams.
Just hours after President Donald Trump issued a genocidal threat against the Iranian people, declaring that "a whole civilization will die tonight," the US leader announced that he's agreed to suspend his unconstitutional war for two weeks if Iran ends its blockade of the Strait of Hormuz.
Citing an unnamed senior White House official, CNN reported that Israel—which has joined the United States in bombing Iran, including civilian infrastructure, since February 28—"is part of the two-week ceasefire" and "has agreed to also suspend its bombing campaign while negotiations continue."
According to The Associated Press, Iran's Supreme National Security Council said in a statement that it accepted the ceasefire, which New York Times correspondent Farnaz Fassihi reported followed "frantic diplomatic efforts by Pakistan and last-minute intervention by China," a key Iranian ally.
"It is emphasized that this does not signify the termination of the war," the Iranian council said. "Our hands remain upon the trigger, and should the slightest error be committed by the enemy, it shall be met with full force."
Trump made the announcement on his Truth Social platform as he faced mounting global outrage over his "apocalyptic" morning comments—including calls for his removal from office—and as his 8:00 pm Eastern time deadline for Iran to reopen the crucial waterway to all ship traffic approached.
Specifically, Trump said:
Based on conversations with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and Field Marshal Asim Munir, of Pakistan, and wherein they requested that I hold off the destructive force being sent tonight to Iran, and subject to the Islamic Republic of Iran agreeing to the COMPLETE, IMMEDIATE, and SAFE OPENING of the Strait of Hormuz, I agree to suspend the bombing and attack of Iran for a period of two weeks. This will be a double sided CEASEFIRE! The reason for doing so is that we have already met and exceeded all Military objectives, and are very far along with a definitive Agreement concerning Longterm PEACE with Iran, and PEACE in the Middle East. We received a 10 point proposal from Iran, and believe it is a workable basis on which to negotiate. Almost all of the various points of past contention have been agreed to between the United States and Iran, but a two week period will allow the Agreement to be finalized and consummated. On behalf of the United States of America, as President, and also representing the Countries of the Middle East, it is an Honor to have this Longterm problem close to resolution.
According to reports, Iran's 10-point peace plan could face stiff resistance from Israel and the Gulf monarchies that Iran has been attacking in retaliation for the US-Israeli onslaught.
The ten-point plan that is the basis of the ceasefire is literally just “Iran gets everything it could ever want, total US surrender, Iran now dominates the Middle East unopposed and controls Hormuz for its own enrichment” so uhh
[image or embed]
— Will Stancil (@whstancil.bsky.social) April 7, 2026 at 4:08 PM
"It’s hard to see how anyone else in the region could possibly agree to this," US lawyer and political commentator Will Stancil said on Bluesky.
Stancil added that it would be "extremely funny if the Gulf states that have funneled billions of dollars to Trump meet their ruin at his hand when he switches sides literally at the culmination of a war so he can pretend to have won, though. Maybe they’ll bonesaw him in retaliation."
Commenting on paying to use the Strait of Hormuz, CNBC's Carl Quintanilla said on Bluesky, "$2 million per ship—to cross a strait that was free six weeks ago."
In response to Trump's threats to take out Iran's bridges and power plants—clear war crimes—and more recent threat to wipe out the Middle Eastern country's "whole civilization," human rights advocates and political leaders across the globe had called on governments and world bodies, including the United Nations, to "urgently intervene."
While welcoming the ceasefire, some observers said Iran's repressive government—which Trump initially said was being targeted for regime change—will not only survive, but be able to claim victory, as Iranian state media was already doing after the truce was announced.
"A ceasefire is welcome, but if the terms Iran announced tonight are accurate, the United States and Israel are facing a truly humiliating defeat," Raed Jarrar, advocacy director at Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN), told Common Dreams.
"They launched a catastrophic war of aggression that killed thousands of civilians, wasted tens of billions of dollars, and triggered the worst global energy crisis in half a century," he said. "Iran kept its enrichment. Iran took over the Strait [of Hormuz]. The United States agreed to lift sanctions."
While oil prices plunged by more than 15% and US stock futures edged up on news of the ceasefire, Iranians continued clearing rubble and burying their dead. Iranian officials said around 2,000 people—including hundreds of women and children—have been killed by US and Israeli strikes since February 28, including around 175 children and staff massacred in a US cruise missile strike on a girls' elementary school in the southern city of Minab on the first day of the war.
"Congress should open an immediate investigation into how this war started, who authorized it, and who will be held accountable for every civilian killed," Jarrar told Common Dreams. "War criminals should be held accountable now."
While Republican politicians and pundits portrayed the truce as a major victory for Trump, some Democratic US lawmakers expressed skepticism over the deal, with Sen. Chris Murphy of Connecticut telling CNN that he doubts there is even any actual ceasefire in place amid reports of continued Iranian missile attacks on Israel and the United Arab Emirates.
“Who knows what’s going on," said Murphy. "Donald Trump lies every single day.”
Murphy pointed to Tehran's claim “that Trump has also agreed to Iran’s right to enrichment, to suspend all sanctions against Iran, and to allow Iran to keep their missile program, their drone program, and their nuclear program," saying "if, at the very least, this agreement gives Iran the right to control the strait, that is cataclysmic for the world, and it is just stunning that that’s where we have gotten to that Donald Trump took a military action that has apparently, at least for the time being, given Iran control over a critical waterway that they did not have control over, before the war began.”
As a sovereign nation, Iran has the right to enrich uranium and have nuclear, missile, and drone programs, and it is unclear how Iranian control of the strait would be "cataclysmic" for anyone.
After the genocidal threats on Tuesday, Trump critics, including members of Congress, urged the president's Cabinet to invoke the 25th Amendment to the Constitution and remove him from office, and reminded American service members of their duty to disobey any ordered war crimes.
Just because a President announces he’s agreed to a two week ceasefire moments before he threatened to commit war crimes, does not mean he is suddenly fit to serve. #25thAmendment
— Rep. Melanie Stansbury (NM-01) (@repstansbury.bsky.social) April 7, 2026 at 4:00 PM
Axios reported Tuesday that more than 80 congressional Democrats are supporting 25th Amendment action against Trump over his conduct in the war.
The group's leader urged action to stop "attacks that would plunge an entire country into darkness and deprive millions of their fundamental human rights to life, water, food, healthcare, and an adequate standard of living."
Amnesty International on Tuesday joined advocacy groups and political leaders around the world in calling for swift action to stop President Donald Trump from carrying out his genocidal threats against Iran, with the human rights group specifically putting pressure on all governments and the United Nations.
Trump gave Iran until 8:00 pm Eastern to reopen the Strait of Hormuz, which the country closed to most ship traffic after the United States and Israel abandoned diplomatic talks for war in February. The US president said on his Truth Social platform Tuesday that if the Iranian government doesn't comply, "a whole civilization will die tonight, never to be brought back again."
The backlash was swift, with some US lawmakers calling on Trump's Cabinet to invoke the 25th Amendment and remove him from office, as well as reminding American forces of their duty to disobey any ordered war crimes. As critics worldwide also condemned the president's comments, Iranian Ambassador to the United Nations Amir-Saeid Iravani pledged that Iran "will exercise, without hesitation, its inherent right of self-defense and will take immediate and proportionate reciprocal measures."
Agnès Callamard, Amnesty's secretary general, said in a statement that "Trump's very act of making such apocalyptic threats, including his warning of ending 'a whole civilization,' reveals a staggering level of cruelty and disregard for human life. It becomes all the more terrifying when coupled with his explicit threats to directly attack civilian infrastructure by bringing about the 'complete demolition' of Iran's power plants and bridges."
As Iranians put their bodies at risk on Tuesday by gathering at energy facilities and bridges in hopes of preventing their destruction, the watchdog group Beyond Nuclear warned that Trump could create a "fatal nuclear disaster" by attacking Iran's nuclear power plant in the port city of Bushehr.
Physicians for Social Responsibility, Physicians for Human Rights, and International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War similarly stressed in a joint statement that "the bombings of nuclear power plants are illegal under international law and risk harmful radioactive contamination of the environment, posing long-term danger to the health of surrounding communities and ecosystems."
More broadly, Callamard noted that "international humanitarian law strictly prohibits direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects. The US president's threat of extermination and irreparable destruction brazenly shreds core rules of international humanitarian law, with potentially catastrophic consequences for over 90 million people. It may constitute a threat to commit genocide, a crime defined by the Genocide Convention and by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court as committing one or more defined acts 'with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such.'"
Emphasizing that "the stakes could not be higher," the former United Nations special rapporteur argued that "the international community, including the UN Security Council, regional bodies, and all states must urgently intervene to avert an impending catastrophe and unequivocally affirm that inciting, ordering, or committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide entail individual criminal responsibility under international law."
UN leaders, including Secretary-General António Guterres, High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk, and special rapporteurs, have demanded an end to the regional war and a return to diplomatic talks. However, the United States has veto power at the Security Council. That has impeded the body's ability to respond to the US-Israeli threats and attacks, which, as Callamard highlighted, are already destroying civilian infrastructure and "terrorizing millions of people in Iran and their distressed relatives abroad as tens of millions of lives hang in the balance."
As Callamard detailed:
In recent days, US and Israeli forces have attacked civilian infrastructure, including power plants, bridges, universities, steel factories, and petrochemical facilities, killing and injuring civilians, condemning the population to years, if not decades, of deepened economic hardship, inflicting serious harm on civilian health and the environment, and leaving long‑lasting damage to civilians' lives and livelihoods...
Power plants, water systems, and energy infrastructure are indispensable to civilian life, underpinning access to clean water, medical care, hospital electricity, food supply chains, and basic livelihoods. Attacking them would be disproportionate and thus unlawful under international humanitarian law and could amount to a war crime.
"We call for immediate action to stop unlawful attacks that would plunge an entire country into darkness and deprive millions of their fundamental human rights to life, water, food, healthcare, and an adequate standard of living," Amnesty's leader said.
Other advocacy groups issued similar calls. US military veterans at the Council on American-Islamic Relations—CAIR-Michigan director Dawud Walid and CAIR-Florida communications director Wilfredo Ruiz—said that "declaring the Iranian people 'animals' and threatening to destroy their whole civilization is the sort of unhinged rhetoric we would expect from a racist, genocidal tyrant, not the president of the United States."
"Nothing in US law, military law, or international law would authorize the president to attempt to destroy another civilization by rendering their nation uninhabitable through indiscriminate attacks on civilian infrastructure," they continued. "President Trump must be prevented from committing a genocidal crime that would live in infamy, whether by Congress reconvening and voting to stop the war, the Cabinet invoking the 25th Amendment, or military leaders refusing unlawful orders to exterminate civilians. Refusing to take any action in the face of this open threat to commit genocide is complicity."
DAWN's advocacy director, Raed Jarrar, agreed that "every service member ordered to act on Trump's unlawful dictates should refuse those illegal orders," and warned that anyone "who carries out illegal strikes could face personal criminal liability for them."
The group's senior Iran analyst, Omid Memarian, added that "concerned US and international actors shouldn't fall for the Trump trap and let the focus on an arbitrary deadline or threat of cataclysmic action distract them when there is already systematic unlawful death and destruction taking place."
According to Memarian, "They should demand an immediate, unconditional, and permanent end to this unlawful war."
"The real legal and moral question is why civilian infrastructure is being targeted at all," said one expert.
After US President Donald Trump made his genocidal declaration on Tuesday that the "whole civilization" of Iran "will die tonight," reports began to roll in of people across the country standing outside the power plants, bridges, and other civilian infrastructure the president promised to bomb.
Photos shared to social media by the government-affiliated Mehr news agency showed scene after scene of Iranians forming human chains outside power plants in Tabriz and Kermanshah.
A video showed dozens of students assembled on the Dezful bridge in southwestern Iran, which is more than 1,700 years old and is believed to be one of the oldest functioning bridges in the world.
Over the weekend, Trump said that unless Iran opened the Strait of Hormuz, a critical shipping lane that it has used as a chokepoint against the Western economy, by Tuesday, he would bomb infrastructure relied upon by tens of millions of Iranians, which Amnesty International said could amount to a "war crime."
"We’re giving them till tomorrow, eight o’clock eastern time, and after that, they’re going to have no bridges. They’re going to have no power plants," Trump said on Monday, reiterating his plans to bomb Iran "back to the Stone Ages."
According to Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, more than 14 million people in the country responded to the threat by volunteering to put their bodies on the line and defend the infrastructure at risk. He said they'd "declared their readiness to sacrifice their lives in defense of Iran.”
The government has encouraged Iranians, including children and young students, to take to the streets to form human chains around infrastructure that may come under threat, leading some Western media outlets to raise the fear that people were being used as "human shields."
Sina Toossi, a fellow at the Center for International Policy, however, said this "is a deeply misleading framing."
"Iranians are not being placed in front of targets," he said, referencing several videos of the demonstrations. "Many are voluntarily showing up to defend the infrastructure that keeps their society alive."
He noted the participation of Iranian celebrities in the human chains, including the composer and Tar player Ali Ghamsari, who stationed himself outside a power plant, and the pop singer Benyamin Bahadori, who filmed a video of himself walking along a bridge that had come under threat.
"This is about people trying to safeguard electricity, water, and basic civilization under open threat," Toossi said. "The real legal and moral question is why civilian infrastructure is being targeted at all."
Agnès Callamard, secretary general of Amnesty International, said on Tuesday that Trump's threats could prove "apocalyptic" to millions of Iranians, plunging the "entire country into darkness and depriv[ing] millions of their fundamental human rights to life, water, food, healthcare, and an adequate standard of living."
"Power plants, water systems, and energy infrastructure are indispensable to civilian life, underpinning access to clean water, medical care, hospital electricity, food supply chains, and basic livelihoods," she added. "Attacking them would be disproportionate and thus unlawful under international humanitarian law and could amount to a war crime.”