Neoliberal Macron Loses Parliamentary Majority as Melenchon-Led Left Surges in France

France's new left-wing coalition picked up enough votes during Sunday's legislative elections to help deny President Emmanuel Macron the absolute majority he needed to ram through his unpopular austerity agenda.

Macron's neoliberal alliance Ensemble won the most seats in the National Assembly with 245 but fell well short of the 289 needed to control parliament.

Meanwhile, the New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES)--the recently formed coalition led by leftist MP Jean-Luc Melenchon--won 131 seats, more than doubling the combined number of representatives that its four parties had in 2017.

NUPES, which brings together Melenchon's France Unbowed, the center-left Socialist Party, French Communist Party, and Greens, campaigned on lowering the retirement age from 62 to 60, hiking the minimum wage, and freezing prices on essential products--in sharp contrast to Macron's alliance, which is trying to raise the retirement age to 65 and has reduced the corporate tax rate, exacerbating economic inequality and insecurity.

"The rout of the presidential party is complete and no clear majority is in sight," Melenchon told a cheering crowd of supporters in Paris on Sunday night. "It is the failure of Macronism and the moral failure of those who lecture us."

Clementine Autain, one of Melenchon's top allies, said that the election results vindicate the left's strategy and reflect "a gathering of the forces for a social and ecological transformation on the basis of a profound change of society."

Although the strong showing by NUPES has made it the largest opposition force in parliament, a distinction that enables it to chair the assembly's key finance committee, the far-right National Rally picked up 89 seats and has also claimed a right to the position as the largest single opposition party.

National Rally's record showing, which its president Jordan Bardella called "a historic breakthrough," represents an eleven-fold increase in representation for the xenophobic party of presidential runner-up Marine Le Pen.

In addition to pushing a pro-corporate agenda, Macron's pursuit of anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim policies has legitimized Le Pen's reactionary ideas, progressive critics say.

Some of Macron's allies portrayed National Rally and NUPES as equally extremist. Melenchon, by contrast, instructed his supporters to "not give a single vote" to the far-right after he finished just behind Le Pen in the first round of April's presidential race, thereby helping Macron win the runoff.

The conservative Les Republicains, which picked up 61 seats, are "likely to become kingmakers," Reuters reported, as Macron's center-right majority seeks out potential allies to overcome France's first hung parliament since 1988.

If Macron is unable to form a stable alliance with Les Republicains, which has a platform "more compatible with Ensemble than other parties" and could give the president an outright majority, he will be forced to "run a minority government that will have to negotiate bills with other parties on a case-by-case basis," Reuters noted.

Les Republicains leader Christian Jacob said his party "will remain in the opposition but be 'constructive,' suggesting case-by-case deals rather than a coalition pact," the news outlet added.

Macron's government is not confining its search for possible legislative friends to the right.

According to Agence France Presse, "Senior Macron officials were on Sunday already trying to drive a wedge through the different factions of the NUPES alliance," accusing France Unbowed of being too rigidly radical and adversarial in a bid to peel off more moderate Socialists and Greens.

"There are moderates on the benches, on the right, on the left," said government spokesperson Olivia Gregoire. "There are moderate Socialists and there are people on the right who, perhaps, on legislation, will be on our side."

If legislative gridlock persists, Macron could eventually call a snap election.