Haiti, Six Months After the Earthquake

PORT-AU-PRINCE, Haiti - July 12 marked the
six-month anniversary of the devastating earthquake here in Haiti that
killed as many as 300,000 people and left much of the country in ruins.
Up to 1.8 million people are living in squalid tent cities, with
inadequate sanitation, if any, no electricity and little security, or
any respite from the intense heat and the worsening rains. Rape, hunger
and despair are constant threats to the people stranded in the camps.
Six months ago, the world seemed united with commitments to help Haiti
recover. Now, half a year later, the rubble remains in place, and
misery blankets the camps, layered with heat, drenched by rain.

After landing in Haiti, we traveled to one
of the more than 1,350 refugee camps, Camp Corail. It is right near
Titanyen, which was used as a dumping ground for bodies during the
first coup against President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and which, after
the earthquake, was used for makeshift mass graves.

Corail is on a flat expanse of white
gravel, with orderly rows of tents. During the day, the camp becomes
searingly hot, with no trees for protection.

Corail resident Romain Arius told me: "In
the situation we're living here in the tents, we can't continue like
that anymore. We would ask them as soon as possible to give us the real
houses that they said they were going to give us so that our situation
could improve."

Soon after we left, we heard that a storm collapsed at least 94 tents and sent hundreds of residents fleeing to find shelter.

Haitians
are angry, questioning where the billions of dollars donated in the
immediate aftermath of the earthquake have gone. The Disaster
Accountability Project found that of the 197 organizations that
solicited money following the earthquake, only six had publicly
available reports detailing their activities.

From the "international donor community,"
the wealthier nations, more than $9 billion was pledged, but to date,
only Brazil, Norway and Australia have paid in full. Most of the U.S.
pledge of $1.15 billion is now being held up in Congress.

Patrick Elie, a longtime Haitian democracy
activist and Haiti's former secretary of state for public security,
spoke with me, about land ownership and the earthquake's enormous toll:

"Land tenure in Haiti is in total chaos.
This is also the result of the behavior of the Haitian elites over
centuries. They appropriated land, especially after independence and
the end of slavery, which would have been common property. And now,
there is a lot of discussion about who owns what piece of land."

Elie said that in this time of emergency
that gives the government the power of eminent domain, the key question
is whose land will be seized-communal land that peasants have used for
centuries, or the vast tracts of land owned by the elites.

I also spoke with Sean Penn. The two-time
Oscar-winning actor came to Haiti after the earthquake. Having just
been through a medical crisis with his own teenage son, who underwent
major surgery, he was horrified at the stories he was hearing about the
amputations being performed in Haiti without anesthesia. Penn founded
the J/P Haitian Relief Organization (jphro.org)
and has been in Haiti for five of the past six months, managing a
refugee camp at the Petionville Club golf course with 55,000 Haitians
displaced by the earthquake. Sitting in a large tent, Penn was
frustrated. Comparing the U.S. resources being spent in Afghanistan
(which he called "a ludicrous exercise") with the U.S. spending in
Haiti, he said, "You have a war here, you've got a surge coming with
storms, but no face to hate, no country to rail at, no natural
resources, and the faces here are black."

Penn says J/P HRO will be in Haiti for the
long haul: "We plan to adapt, to adjust. I think our next major new
push for us will be rubble removal and working with partners to get
people returned into neighborhoods and to again work with partners.
Take camp management into community management and advocacy."

Patrick Elie advocates for popular Haitian
leadership in the reconstruction: "We are a people who can fend for
ourselves. We have a vision of where we want to go. So we do need
friends, but we don't need people to think for us, or to pity us."

According to The Washington Post, only 2
percent of promised reconstruction aid has been delivered. The
hurricane season is upon Haiti, and millions there are counting on all
of us making good on our pledges.

Denis Moynihan contributed research to this column.