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Rebel groups like Sudan's Justice and Equality Movement, shown in this video frame, use child soldiers. The United States will exempt four governments from penalties for doing so. (Al-Jazeera)
Child Soldiers 'No Bar' for US Aid
Obama administration decides to continue funding to Chad, Yemen, Sudan and DRC though they use children in armed forces.
Oct 29, 2010
In a decision critics say has undermined a powerful new law, the
United States has decided to turn a blind eye to four countries that use
child soldiers in their armed forces.
In a brief and little-noticed announcement
on Monday, the White House said Barack Obama, the president, had
decided to exempt Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan
and Yemen from the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, which prohibits funding for foreign governments' militaries if they recruit or use child soldiers.
On Thursday, Foreign Policy magazine posted online a nine-page memo
from Obama to Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, that linked
the continuation of funding to US counterterrorism efforts in some of
those countries.
"Everyone's gotten a pass, and Obama has really completely undercut
the law and its intent," Jo Becker, children's rights advocacy director
for Human Rights Watch, told the New York Times newspaper.
Of the six countries identified by the state department as having
used child soldiers in 2009, only Somalia and Myanmar were not granted
an exemption. Myanmar receives no military aid from the United States,
but the vulnerable Transitional Federal Government of Somalia receives
significant assistance. In May 2009, the United States applied for
exemption from an United Nations arms embargo in order to provide Somalia with assault rifle, mortar and machine gun ammunition, and rocket-propelled grenades.
Al-Qaeda as justification
In the memo, signed by Obama, the White House called Yemen a "key
partner" in the fight against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
and said that imposing the funding prohibition against Yemen "would
seriously jeaopardise the Yemeni government's capability to conduct
special operations and counterterrorism missions, and create a dangerous
level of instability in the country and the region".
US assistance to Yemen has grown over the past year, and the US has reportedly fired cruise missiles at suspected AQAP locations in the country and helped Yemeni security forces carry out raids against the group.
The apparently growing influence of American Muslim cleric Anwar
al-Awlaki, identified by the United States as an AQAP leader, and the
attempted December airliner bombing by Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a
Nigerian who allegedly spent time with AQAP, have driven the assistance.
Though Yemeni law requires military recruits to be at least 18 years
old, "credible reports" indicate children as young as 15 have entered
the country's armed forces, while tribal militias mobilised by the
government to fight Shia Houthi rebels in the north have recruited
14-year-olds, the White House memo says.
The memo goes into detail about the ways that Yemen has used US
financial assistance: to buy spare parts for a C-130 transport plane
and UH-1 helicopters, weapons and equipment for special forces charged
with "hunting down" al-Qaeda, and fast patrol boats and floating piers
for Yemen's navy and coast guard.
'Working to eliminate child soldiers"
For each exempted country, the White House memo states that the US
government "is working ... to reduce and eliminate" the use of child
soldiers. The document makes the argument that cutting off funding to
the affected governments' militaries will make it harder to ultimately
turn them away from recruiting youths.
In the case of Chad, the memo says that applying the 2008 law "would
hinder the United States government's effort to reinforce positive
trends," such as an effort to work with the United Nations to demobilise
children in the army.
The memo also cites Chad's counterterrorism role. It says Chad "plays
a critical role" hosting some 280,000 Sudanese refugees and is a US
"partner" in the Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership and
"strongly supports" counterterrorism objectives.
In Sudan, where citizens will vote on possible secession between
north and south in 2011, the US government funds military education for
the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) - the southern Sudanese armed
forces - and prohibiting funding would "preclude the ability to deliver
critical training necessary to professionalize the SPLA".
As of December, the memo says, the SPLA included around 1,200 children - both boys and girls aged between 12 and 17 years old.
"Some of these children serve as combatants, and others, including
those under 15 years old, serve a variety of functions, including as
guards, porters, and cooks," the memo states.
The decision by Obama to waive penalties for the four countries has
exposed him to criticism from both human rights groups and Republicans.
The Republican National Committee (RNC) posted a critique of the exemption on its website on Wednesday under the headline "Indefensible".
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In a decision critics say has undermined a powerful new law, the
United States has decided to turn a blind eye to four countries that use
child soldiers in their armed forces.
In a brief and little-noticed announcement
on Monday, the White House said Barack Obama, the president, had
decided to exempt Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan
and Yemen from the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, which prohibits funding for foreign governments' militaries if they recruit or use child soldiers.
On Thursday, Foreign Policy magazine posted online a nine-page memo
from Obama to Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, that linked
the continuation of funding to US counterterrorism efforts in some of
those countries.
"Everyone's gotten a pass, and Obama has really completely undercut
the law and its intent," Jo Becker, children's rights advocacy director
for Human Rights Watch, told the New York Times newspaper.
Of the six countries identified by the state department as having
used child soldiers in 2009, only Somalia and Myanmar were not granted
an exemption. Myanmar receives no military aid from the United States,
but the vulnerable Transitional Federal Government of Somalia receives
significant assistance. In May 2009, the United States applied for
exemption from an United Nations arms embargo in order to provide Somalia with assault rifle, mortar and machine gun ammunition, and rocket-propelled grenades.
Al-Qaeda as justification
In the memo, signed by Obama, the White House called Yemen a "key
partner" in the fight against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
and said that imposing the funding prohibition against Yemen "would
seriously jeaopardise the Yemeni government's capability to conduct
special operations and counterterrorism missions, and create a dangerous
level of instability in the country and the region".
US assistance to Yemen has grown over the past year, and the US has reportedly fired cruise missiles at suspected AQAP locations in the country and helped Yemeni security forces carry out raids against the group.
The apparently growing influence of American Muslim cleric Anwar
al-Awlaki, identified by the United States as an AQAP leader, and the
attempted December airliner bombing by Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a
Nigerian who allegedly spent time with AQAP, have driven the assistance.
Though Yemeni law requires military recruits to be at least 18 years
old, "credible reports" indicate children as young as 15 have entered
the country's armed forces, while tribal militias mobilised by the
government to fight Shia Houthi rebels in the north have recruited
14-year-olds, the White House memo says.
The memo goes into detail about the ways that Yemen has used US
financial assistance: to buy spare parts for a C-130 transport plane
and UH-1 helicopters, weapons and equipment for special forces charged
with "hunting down" al-Qaeda, and fast patrol boats and floating piers
for Yemen's navy and coast guard.
'Working to eliminate child soldiers"
For each exempted country, the White House memo states that the US
government "is working ... to reduce and eliminate" the use of child
soldiers. The document makes the argument that cutting off funding to
the affected governments' militaries will make it harder to ultimately
turn them away from recruiting youths.
In the case of Chad, the memo says that applying the 2008 law "would
hinder the United States government's effort to reinforce positive
trends," such as an effort to work with the United Nations to demobilise
children in the army.
The memo also cites Chad's counterterrorism role. It says Chad "plays
a critical role" hosting some 280,000 Sudanese refugees and is a US
"partner" in the Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership and
"strongly supports" counterterrorism objectives.
In Sudan, where citizens will vote on possible secession between
north and south in 2011, the US government funds military education for
the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) - the southern Sudanese armed
forces - and prohibiting funding would "preclude the ability to deliver
critical training necessary to professionalize the SPLA".
As of December, the memo says, the SPLA included around 1,200 children - both boys and girls aged between 12 and 17 years old.
"Some of these children serve as combatants, and others, including
those under 15 years old, serve a variety of functions, including as
guards, porters, and cooks," the memo states.
The decision by Obama to waive penalties for the four countries has
exposed him to criticism from both human rights groups and Republicans.
The Republican National Committee (RNC) posted a critique of the exemption on its website on Wednesday under the headline "Indefensible".
In a decision critics say has undermined a powerful new law, the
United States has decided to turn a blind eye to four countries that use
child soldiers in their armed forces.
In a brief and little-noticed announcement
on Monday, the White House said Barack Obama, the president, had
decided to exempt Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Sudan
and Yemen from the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008, which prohibits funding for foreign governments' militaries if they recruit or use child soldiers.
On Thursday, Foreign Policy magazine posted online a nine-page memo
from Obama to Hillary Clinton, the US secretary of state, that linked
the continuation of funding to US counterterrorism efforts in some of
those countries.
"Everyone's gotten a pass, and Obama has really completely undercut
the law and its intent," Jo Becker, children's rights advocacy director
for Human Rights Watch, told the New York Times newspaper.
Of the six countries identified by the state department as having
used child soldiers in 2009, only Somalia and Myanmar were not granted
an exemption. Myanmar receives no military aid from the United States,
but the vulnerable Transitional Federal Government of Somalia receives
significant assistance. In May 2009, the United States applied for
exemption from an United Nations arms embargo in order to provide Somalia with assault rifle, mortar and machine gun ammunition, and rocket-propelled grenades.
Al-Qaeda as justification
In the memo, signed by Obama, the White House called Yemen a "key
partner" in the fight against al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP)
and said that imposing the funding prohibition against Yemen "would
seriously jeaopardise the Yemeni government's capability to conduct
special operations and counterterrorism missions, and create a dangerous
level of instability in the country and the region".
US assistance to Yemen has grown over the past year, and the US has reportedly fired cruise missiles at suspected AQAP locations in the country and helped Yemeni security forces carry out raids against the group.
The apparently growing influence of American Muslim cleric Anwar
al-Awlaki, identified by the United States as an AQAP leader, and the
attempted December airliner bombing by Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, a
Nigerian who allegedly spent time with AQAP, have driven the assistance.
Though Yemeni law requires military recruits to be at least 18 years
old, "credible reports" indicate children as young as 15 have entered
the country's armed forces, while tribal militias mobilised by the
government to fight Shia Houthi rebels in the north have recruited
14-year-olds, the White House memo says.
The memo goes into detail about the ways that Yemen has used US
financial assistance: to buy spare parts for a C-130 transport plane
and UH-1 helicopters, weapons and equipment for special forces charged
with "hunting down" al-Qaeda, and fast patrol boats and floating piers
for Yemen's navy and coast guard.
'Working to eliminate child soldiers"
For each exempted country, the White House memo states that the US
government "is working ... to reduce and eliminate" the use of child
soldiers. The document makes the argument that cutting off funding to
the affected governments' militaries will make it harder to ultimately
turn them away from recruiting youths.
In the case of Chad, the memo says that applying the 2008 law "would
hinder the United States government's effort to reinforce positive
trends," such as an effort to work with the United Nations to demobilise
children in the army.
The memo also cites Chad's counterterrorism role. It says Chad "plays
a critical role" hosting some 280,000 Sudanese refugees and is a US
"partner" in the Trans-Sahara Counter Terrorism Partnership and
"strongly supports" counterterrorism objectives.
In Sudan, where citizens will vote on possible secession between
north and south in 2011, the US government funds military education for
the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) - the southern Sudanese armed
forces - and prohibiting funding would "preclude the ability to deliver
critical training necessary to professionalize the SPLA".
As of December, the memo says, the SPLA included around 1,200 children - both boys and girls aged between 12 and 17 years old.
"Some of these children serve as combatants, and others, including
those under 15 years old, serve a variety of functions, including as
guards, porters, and cooks," the memo states.
The decision by Obama to waive penalties for the four countries has
exposed him to criticism from both human rights groups and Republicans.
The Republican National Committee (RNC) posted a critique of the exemption on its website on Wednesday under the headline "Indefensible".
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