A Timeline: Pence's Role in the White House's Russia-Related Mess

The Trump White House has produced what appear to be at least three cover-ups. They relate to:

1) former-national security adviser Mike Flynn's questionable activities relating to Turkey;

2) Flynn's role in the Trump/Russia controversy; and

3) the firing of former FBI Director James Comey.

So as we continue to update our overall Trump-Russia timeline, we're also putting together timelines that track key players and events. Our timeline of the Comey firing is the first example. By isolating the pertinent portions of relevant entries that share a common thread, important players have fewer places to hide. Facts, truth, and clarity are Trump's adversaries.

This Pence edition of the timeline focuses on the vice president: What did he know, when did he know it, and at what points did his public statements diverge from what he knew or reasonably should have known? (The final phrase creates legal responsibility for presumed knowledge, even if the speaker in question denies it.)

Ultimately, the facts will produce answers, and we'll be updating the Pence timeline, too.

Pre-Pence Primer on Flynn

• Late summer 2015: A member of Trump's campaign staff calls retired Lt. Gen. Mike Flynn to ask if he's willing to meet with Trump. Flynn agrees.
• Dec. 10, 2015: At the 10^th anniversary gala of Russia's state-owned television propaganda network, RT, Flynn sits at Putin's table. For his appearance on the network, he nets $33,500 of the $45,000 paid to his speakers' bureau. For all of 2015, Flynn receives more than $65,000 from companies linked to Russia.
• Mid-January 2016: Flynn applies for a five-year renewal of his security clearance. [Added May 25, 2017]
• Feb. 11, 2016: According to a May 22, 2017 letter from Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD), investigators meet with Flynn to discuss his security clearance application. When asked about his Moscow appearance, Flynn reportedly says, "I didn't take any money from Russia, if that's what you're asking me." [Added May 25, 2017]
• March 14, 2016: Investigators issue a report on Flynn's security clearance application. According to the summary in Rep. Cummings' May 22 letter, Flynn told investigators he was paid by "US companies" when he traveled to Moscow in December 2015. The report also says that Flynn told investigators he had not received any benefit from a foreign country

Cover-up #1: Pence, Flynn, and Turkey

• August 2016: The consulting firm headed by Trump's national security adviser Mike Flynn begins to perform lobbying work for a company owned by a close adviser to Turkey's President Erdogan.
• Nov. 8, 2016: Trump and Pence win the election.
• Nov. 10, 2016: During their first meeting after the election, President Obama warns Trump about appointing Mike Flynn to a top national security post. In 2014, Obama had removed Flynn as the head of the Defense Intelligence Agency.
• Nov. 11, 2016: Vice President-elect Pence replaces Gov. Chris Christie (R-NJ) as chair of Trump's transition team.
• Nov. 14, 2016: Reporters ask Mike Flynn's business associate Robert Kelley if Turkish interests had retained their consulting firm from August through Election Day because of Flynn's close relationship with Trump. "I hope so," Kelley says. The subject of Flynn's lobbying activities for Turkey comes up again periodically in news reports throughout November and December.
• Nov. 18, 2016: Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD), Ranking Member of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, sends Trump transition team chair (and Vice President-elect) Mike Pence a letter expressing concerns about national security adviser-designate Mike Flynn's conflicts of interest. Specifically, Cummings worries about Flynn's work for an entity affiliated with the government of Turkey, as well as a paid trip to Moscow in December 2015 during which Flynn was "highly critical of the United States."
• Nov. 28, 2016: Trump's transition team acknowledges receipt of Cummings' Nov. 18 letter regarding Mike Flynn.
• Jan. 4, 2017: National security adviser-designate Mike Flynn tells the transition team's chief counsel Donald F. McGahn II that he is under federal investigation for secretly working as a paid lobbyist for Turkey. Flynn's lawyer followed up, but did not get a call back until Jan. 6.
• Jan. 10, 2017: President Obama's national security adviser, Susan Rice, informs Trump of the military plan to retake the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa with the help of Syrian Kurdish forces. Obama's team informed Trump because execution of the plan would not occur until after the inauguration. Turkey has long opposed US forces partnering with Kurdish forces in the region. Trump national security adviser-designate Flynn tells Rice to hold off on approving the mission.
• March 7, 2017: Former national security adviser Mike Flynn files registration documents confirming that between August 2016 and Election Day, he'd earned $530,000 for lobbying work on behalf of a company owned by a Turkish businessman. Flynn acknowledges that his work as a foreign agent could have benefitted the Turkish government.
• March 9, 2017: Responding to questions about Mike Flynn's lobbying activities for Turkish interests during the campaign and thereafter, Vice President Mike Pence tells Fox News' Bret Baier twice that he'd just learned of it: "Well, let me say, hearing that story today was the first I'd heard of it. And I fully support the decision that President Trump made to ask for Gen. Flynn's resignation." BAIER: "You're disappointed by the story?" PENCE: "The first I heard of it, and I think it is, uh, it is an affirmation of the president's decision to ask Gen. Flynn to resign." Asked whether Trump knew about Flynn's activities on behalf of Turkish interests, Sean Spicer says, "I don't believe that that was known."
• March 22, 2017: In a joint letter to White House chief of staff Reince Priebus, the chairman and ranking member of the House Oversight Committee request information and documents relating to payments that former national security adviser Mike Flynn received from entities affiliated with foreign governments, including Russia and Turkey.
• May 9, 2017: Over Turkey's objections, the Pentagon announces that the US will partner with Kurds to retake the ISIS stronghold of Raqqa. On Jan. 10, the Obama administration had presented President-elect Trump with a plan to partner with the Kurds against ISIS, but his then-national security adviser-designate Mike Flynn had killed it.

Cover-up #2: Pence, Flynn and Russia

• April through November 2016: Mike Flynn and other advisers to the Trump campaign have at least 18 phone calls and emails with Russian officials, including six contacts involving Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak.
• Late November 2016: In a meeting that includes senior Trump transition national security team members, national security adviser-designate Mike Flynn reveals he has scheduled a conversation with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak. In attendance is Marshall Billingslea, a member of the team who had been a senior Pentagon official for President George W. Bush. He warns Flynn that any such communications carry risks because US intelligence agencies are almost certainly monitoring Kislyak's conversations. After the meeting, Billingsea asks national security officials in the Obama White House for a copy of the classified CIA profile of Kislyak.
• Dec. 29, 2016: On the same day President Obama announces sanctions against Russian in retaliation for its interference in the 2016 election, national security adviser-designate Flynn places five phone calls to the Russian ambassador.
• Jan. 15, 2017: Appearing on CBS' Face the Nation, Vice President Pence says Flynn's call to the Russian ambassador on the same day President Obama announced new sanctions was "strictly coincidental," explaining: "They did not discuss anything having to do with the United States' decision to expel diplomats or impose censure on Russia.... What I can confirm, having to spoken with [Flynn] about it, is that those conversations that happened to occur around the time that the United States took action to expel diplomats had nothing whatsoever to do with those sanctions."
• Also on Jan. 15, 2017: On Fox News Sunday, Pence denies contacts between Russia and the Trump campaign. Responding to Chris Wallace, Pence says, "All the contact by the Trump campaign and associates were with the American people." On a third try, Wallace asks if Pence had ever asked Donald Trump if there were any contacts in the campaign between Trump or his associates and Russians, Pence answers, "Of course not."
• Jan. 20, 2017: Trump and Pence are inaugurated.
• Jan. 22, 2017: Flynn is sworn in as national security adviser, a position that does not require Senate confirmation.
• Jan. 23, 2017: At Sean Spicer's first press briefing, Spicer says none of Flynn's conversations with the Russian ambassador touched on the Dec. 29 sanctions. That got the attention of FBI Director James Comey. According to The Wall Street Journal, Comey convinced acting Attorney General Sally Yates to delay informing the White House immediately about the discrepancy between Spicer's characterization of Flynn's calls and US intelligence intercepts showing that the two had, in fact, discussed sanctions. Comey reportedly asked Yates to wait a bit longer so that the FBI could develop more information and speak with Flynn himself. The FBI interviews Flynn shortly thereafter.
• Jan. 26, 2017: Acting Attorney General Sally Yates informs White House Counsel Don McGahn that, based on recent public statements of White House officials including Vice President Mike Pence, Flynn had lied to Pence and others about his late-December conversations with Russian Ambassador Kislyak. According to Sean Spicer, Trump and a small group of White House advisers were "immediately informed of the situation."
• Jan. 27, 2017: McGahn asks Yates to return to the White House for another discussion about Flynn. He asks Yates, "Why does it matter to the Department of Justice if one White House official lies to another?" Yates explains that Flynn's lies make him vulnerable to Russian blackmail because the Russians know that Flynn lied and could probably prove it.
• Feb. 8, 2017: Flynn tells reporters at The Washington Post he did not discuss US sanctions in his December conversation with the Russian ambassador.
• Feb. 9, 2017: Through a spokesman, Flynn changes his position: "While [Flynn] had no recollection of discussing sanctions, he couldn't be certain that the topic never came up."
• Feb. 10, 2017: Trump tells reporters he was unaware of reports surrounding Flynn's December conversations with the Russian ambassador.
• Feb. 13, 2017:The Washington Post breaks another story: Then-Acting Attorney General Sally Yates had warned the White House in late January that Flynn had mischaracterized his December conversation with the Russian ambassador, and that it made him vulnerable to Russian blackmail. Later that evening, Flynn resigns.
• Feb. 19, 2017: NBC's Chuck Todd questions Reince Priebus about Flynn's firing. The White House line was that Trump had fired Flynn because he'd lied to Vice President Pence about his conversations with the Russians about US sanctions. But that left an awkward gap of more than two weeks during which Trump apparently knew about Flynn's deception before firing him. "Why did more than a week go by before the vice president was informed of this issue?" Todd asks. "Well, I think he was always aware of the issue as to whether or not he talked about sanctions," Priebus answers. Later, Todd asks about the more than two-week delay between Yates' disclosure of Flynn's deception and Trump's decision to fire him. "Waiting that long, do you regret that it looks like that the vice president is essentially not in the loop?" Todd asks. "No," Priebus replies, "the vice president's in the loop on everything, Chuck."
• March 30, 2017:The Wall Street Journal reports that Mike Flynn is seeking immunity from prosecution in return for testifying before congressional intelligence committees. The next day, his lawyer confirms, "Gen. Flynn certainly has a story to tell, and he very much wants to tell it, should circumstances permit."
• April 19, 2017: The White House refuses the March 22 bipartisan request from the House Oversight Committee for more information and documents relating to payments that former national security adviser Mike Flynn received from entities affiliated with the Russian and Turkish governments.
• April 25, 2017: Flynn reportedly receives a message from Trump to "stay strong." When the story appears on May 18, the White House does not respond to a request for comment.
• April 28, 2017: The chair and vice chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee send letters to several former Trump campaign advisers, including Carter Page, Mike Flynn, Paul Manafort and Roger Stone. Among other requests, the letters ask for a "list of all meetings between you and any Russian official or representative of Russian business interests which took place between June 16, 2015 and Jan. 20, 2017." The letters also request information about any such meetings of which they are aware, as well as all documents relating to Trump campaign communications with Russian officials or business representatives. The committee also seeks information about any financial and real estate transactions related to Russia from June 15, 2015 through Trump's inauguration.
• May 11, 2017: The Senate Intelligence Committee sends Mike Flynn a subpoena for documents that he'd refused to produce voluntarily in response to the committee's April 28 letter request.
• May 19, 2017: Vice President Pence faces added scrutiny on what he knew about Flynn's connections to Turkey and Russia -- and when he knew it. Democrats on the House Oversight Committee post a Nov. 18, 2017 letter from Rep. Elijah Cummings (D-MD) to Pence, who at the time was vice president-elect and chair of the presidential transition team. The letter expressed concerns about national security adviser-designate Flynn's ties to those countries. In response to the posting, Pence's spokesperson states, "The vice president stands by his comments in March upon first hearing the news regarding Gen. Flynn's ties to Turkey and fully supports the President's decision to ask for General Flynn's resignation." A White House aide adds, "I'm not sure we saw the letter." Democrats on the House Oversight Committee then post the formal Nov. 28, 2016 transition team message acknowledging receipt of Cummings' letter.
• May 22, 2017: Rather than produce documents in response to a subpoena from the Senate Intelligence Committee, Mike Flynn invokes his Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination.

Cover-up #3: The Comey Firing

• May 8, 2017: Trump tells a few close aides, including Vice President Pence and White House counsel Don McGahn, that Comey has to go. According to ABC News, Pence, McGahn, chief of staff Reince Priebus and senior adviser Jared Kushner are members of a small group that begins to prepare talking points about Comey's firing. Trump summons Attorney General Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein to the White House, where he instructs them provide a written justification for removing Comey. Before Rosenstein prepares the requested memo, he knows that Trump intends to fire Comey.
• May 9, 2017: Citing the May 9 recommendations of Attorney General Sessions and Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein, Trump fires FBI Director Comey, ostensibly because of his inappropriate statements about the Clinton email investigation prior to the 2016 election. Trump, Sessions and Rosenstein write that terminating Comey is necessary to restore trust, confidence and integrity in the FBI. In his termination letter to Comey, Trump also says he "greatly appreciates you informing me, on three separate occasions, that I am not under investigation."
• May 10, 2017: Pence says repeatedly that Comey's firing occurred because Sessions and Rosenstein recommended it: The deputy attorney general "came to work, sat down and made the recommendation for the FBI to be able to do its job that it would need new leadership. He brought that recommendation to the president. The attorney general concurred with that recommendation."
• Also on May 10, 2017: Deputy press secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders says Trump had been thinking about firing Comey "since the day he was elected," but reiterates Pence's position that Sessions and Rosenstein were "absolutely" the impetus for the firing.
• Also on May 10, 2017:The Washington Post and The New York Times report that Trump had been the impetus for Comey's firing, not Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein.
• Also on May 10, 2017: Rod Rosenstein speaks by phone with White House counsel Don McGahn. According to The Wall Street Journal, Rosenstein insists that the White House correct the misimpression that Rosenstein initiated the process leading to Comey's firing. He suggests that he can't work in an environment where facts aren't reported accurately.
• Also on May 10, 2017: The White House releases a new timeline of the events relating to Comey's firing. It recites that the impetus for removing Comey had come from Trump, not the deputy attorney general. But the White House acknowledges that Trump met with Sessions and Rosenstein on May 8 to discuss "reasons for removing the director" and that the attorney general and his deputy sent their written recommendations to Trump on May 9.
• Also on May 10, 2017: House Oversight Chairman Jason Chaffetz (R-UT) asks the Justice Department's inspector general to investigate Comey's firing.
• Also on May 10, 2017: During an Oval Office meeting with Russia's Ambassador Kislyak, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov, and their aides, Trump discusses the Comey firing. "I just fired the head of the FBI. He was crazy, a real nut job," Trump says. "I faced great pressure because of Russia. That's taken off." Then he adds, "I'm not under investigation."
• May 11, 2017: Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe testifies that James Comey enjoyed "broad support within the FBI and still does to this day.... The majority, the vast majority of FBI employees enjoyed a deep, positive connection to Director Comey."
• Also on May 11, 2017: Trump tells NBC's Lester Holt that he had already decided to fire Comey before his meeting with Sessions and Rosenstein: "Regardless of recommendation, I was going to fire Comey, knowing there was no good time to do it. And in fact, when I decided to do it, I said to myself, I said, you know, this Russia thing with Trump and Russia is a made up story...." Trump also says that on three different occasions -- once in person and twice over the phone -- he'd asked Comey if he was under investigation for alleged ties to Russia, and Comey told him he wasn't.