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North Carolina Gov. Pat McCrory has signed into law a hastily-passed bill that bans local governments from passing their own anti-discrimination or minimum-wage ordinances. The effort is part of a broader trend of state pre-emption of progressive local policies. (Image: via Facing South)
Pre-empting Local Democracy in North Carolina and Beyond
Mar 25, 2016
Date on which the city council in Charlotte, North Carolina, passed an ordinance expanding the city's non-discrimination policy to offer new protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and to allow people to use public restrooms based on their gender identity: 2/22/2016
Vote by which the Charlotte ordinance passed: 7-4
Date on which it was set to take effect: 4/1/2016
Date on which North Carolina's Republican-controlled legislature convened a special session to overturn the Charlotte ordinance with House Bill 2, which was expanded to include provisions banning local governments from adopting minimum-wage and anti-discrimination ordinances: 3/23/2016
Amount it costs per day to convene a special session: $42,000
Number of hours that passed between the bill's introduction and its signing into law by Republican Gov. Pat McCrory: 9
Minutes members of the House committee that considered the bill got to read it: 5
Minutes the House allotted for public comment on the measure: 30
Final vote to pass the bill in the House: 82-26
Number of House Democrats who voted for the bill, which had the support of all of the Republicans: 11
The vote to pass the bill in the Senate after all of the Democrats walked out of the chamber in protest: 32-0
Number of advocacy groups that have announced they are considering litigation challenging the law: 3
Last year alone, number of state legislatures that considered bills to block local control over a range of issues, including LGBT rights, the minimum wage, fracking, gun control and immigration: 29
Number of such local pre-emption bills filed so far this year just in Florida: 20
Number of states in which the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a group that crafts model legislation promoting the interests of its corporate funder including telecom giants like AT&T and Comcast, has worked to pre-empt municipal broadband services: 19
Date on which McCrory signed into law an ALEC-inspired bill to ban North Carolina communities from adopting so-called "sanctuary city" or "community trust policies" limiting local police involvement in federal immigration enforcement: 10/29/2015
Year in which the Texas community of Denton passed a local ballot initiative against fracking only to have the oil and gas industry join forces with ALEC-affiliated state lawmakers to override it: 2014
Number of other states that have already passed laws pre-empting local non-discrimination ordinances: 2*
Month in which South Dakota passed such a bill only to have Republican Gov. Dennis Daugaard veto it, arguing it didn't address any pressing need: 2/2016
Number of states that so far this year are considering bills to reverse the corporate-backed trend towards pre-emption: 2
* Tennessee in 2011 and Arkansas in 2015.
(Click on figure to go to source.)
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© 2023 Institute for Southern Studies
Sue Sturgis
Sue Sturgis is the Director and regular contributor to the Institute for Southern Study's online magazine, Facing South, with a focus on energy and environmental issues. She is a former staff writer for The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina, and the Independent Weekly in Durham, North Carolina. Sue is the author or co-author of five Institute reports, including Faith in the Gulf (Aug/Sept 2008), Hurricane Katrina and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (January 2008) and Blueprint for Gulf Renewal (Aug/Sept 2007). Sue holds a Masters in Journalism from New York University.
Date on which the city council in Charlotte, North Carolina, passed an ordinance expanding the city's non-discrimination policy to offer new protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and to allow people to use public restrooms based on their gender identity: 2/22/2016
Vote by which the Charlotte ordinance passed: 7-4
Date on which it was set to take effect: 4/1/2016
Date on which North Carolina's Republican-controlled legislature convened a special session to overturn the Charlotte ordinance with House Bill 2, which was expanded to include provisions banning local governments from adopting minimum-wage and anti-discrimination ordinances: 3/23/2016
Amount it costs per day to convene a special session: $42,000
Number of hours that passed between the bill's introduction and its signing into law by Republican Gov. Pat McCrory: 9
Minutes members of the House committee that considered the bill got to read it: 5
Minutes the House allotted for public comment on the measure: 30
Final vote to pass the bill in the House: 82-26
Number of House Democrats who voted for the bill, which had the support of all of the Republicans: 11
The vote to pass the bill in the Senate after all of the Democrats walked out of the chamber in protest: 32-0
Number of advocacy groups that have announced they are considering litigation challenging the law: 3
Last year alone, number of state legislatures that considered bills to block local control over a range of issues, including LGBT rights, the minimum wage, fracking, gun control and immigration: 29
Number of such local pre-emption bills filed so far this year just in Florida: 20
Number of states in which the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a group that crafts model legislation promoting the interests of its corporate funder including telecom giants like AT&T and Comcast, has worked to pre-empt municipal broadband services: 19
Date on which McCrory signed into law an ALEC-inspired bill to ban North Carolina communities from adopting so-called "sanctuary city" or "community trust policies" limiting local police involvement in federal immigration enforcement: 10/29/2015
Year in which the Texas community of Denton passed a local ballot initiative against fracking only to have the oil and gas industry join forces with ALEC-affiliated state lawmakers to override it: 2014
Number of other states that have already passed laws pre-empting local non-discrimination ordinances: 2*
Month in which South Dakota passed such a bill only to have Republican Gov. Dennis Daugaard veto it, arguing it didn't address any pressing need: 2/2016
Number of states that so far this year are considering bills to reverse the corporate-backed trend towards pre-emption: 2
* Tennessee in 2011 and Arkansas in 2015.
(Click on figure to go to source.)
Sue Sturgis
Sue Sturgis is the Director and regular contributor to the Institute for Southern Study's online magazine, Facing South, with a focus on energy and environmental issues. She is a former staff writer for The News & Observer in Raleigh, North Carolina, and the Independent Weekly in Durham, North Carolina. Sue is the author or co-author of five Institute reports, including Faith in the Gulf (Aug/Sept 2008), Hurricane Katrina and the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement (January 2008) and Blueprint for Gulf Renewal (Aug/Sept 2007). Sue holds a Masters in Journalism from New York University.
Date on which the city council in Charlotte, North Carolina, passed an ordinance expanding the city's non-discrimination policy to offer new protections for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people and to allow people to use public restrooms based on their gender identity: 2/22/2016
Vote by which the Charlotte ordinance passed: 7-4
Date on which it was set to take effect: 4/1/2016
Date on which North Carolina's Republican-controlled legislature convened a special session to overturn the Charlotte ordinance with House Bill 2, which was expanded to include provisions banning local governments from adopting minimum-wage and anti-discrimination ordinances: 3/23/2016
Amount it costs per day to convene a special session: $42,000
Number of hours that passed between the bill's introduction and its signing into law by Republican Gov. Pat McCrory: 9
Minutes members of the House committee that considered the bill got to read it: 5
Minutes the House allotted for public comment on the measure: 30
Final vote to pass the bill in the House: 82-26
Number of House Democrats who voted for the bill, which had the support of all of the Republicans: 11
The vote to pass the bill in the Senate after all of the Democrats walked out of the chamber in protest: 32-0
Number of advocacy groups that have announced they are considering litigation challenging the law: 3
Last year alone, number of state legislatures that considered bills to block local control over a range of issues, including LGBT rights, the minimum wage, fracking, gun control and immigration: 29
Number of such local pre-emption bills filed so far this year just in Florida: 20
Number of states in which the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), a group that crafts model legislation promoting the interests of its corporate funder including telecom giants like AT&T and Comcast, has worked to pre-empt municipal broadband services: 19
Date on which McCrory signed into law an ALEC-inspired bill to ban North Carolina communities from adopting so-called "sanctuary city" or "community trust policies" limiting local police involvement in federal immigration enforcement: 10/29/2015
Year in which the Texas community of Denton passed a local ballot initiative against fracking only to have the oil and gas industry join forces with ALEC-affiliated state lawmakers to override it: 2014
Number of other states that have already passed laws pre-empting local non-discrimination ordinances: 2*
Month in which South Dakota passed such a bill only to have Republican Gov. Dennis Daugaard veto it, arguing it didn't address any pressing need: 2/2016
Number of states that so far this year are considering bills to reverse the corporate-backed trend towards pre-emption: 2
* Tennessee in 2011 and Arkansas in 2015.
(Click on figure to go to source.)
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