An Iraqi woman walks past billboards reading 'Patrols and military convoys are for your protection' in Baghdad in August 2006. (Photo by Karim Sahib/AFP/Getty Images)
Dec 08, 2020
The International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor said Wednesday that--despite evidence of war crimes--it is not launching a probe into actions committed by British forces in Iraq.
Chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda's office opened a preliminary examination in 2014 into allegations of systematic inhumane acts including sexual assault and torture against Iraqi detainees between 2003 to 2008. That development was praised at the time by the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), which submitted evidence to the court, as "a milestone for Iraqi victims and for international criminal law."
Wednesday's announcement, in contrast, drew fierce ire from the group.
In a statement, Bensouda said that her office had "previously found, and today confirmed, that there is a reasonable basis to believe that members of the British armed forces committed the war crimes of wilful killing, torture, inhuman/cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity, and rape and/or other forms of sexual violence. The office has identified a confined number of incidents to reach this determination which, while not exhaustive, appear to correspond to the most serious allegations of violence against persons in UK custody."
"The office further found that several levels of institutional civilian supervisory and military command failures contributed to the commission of crimes against detainees by UK soldiers in Iraq," Bensouda continued.
However, she pointed to investigations carried out by British authorities into the allegations as reason to quash a full probe.
The prosecutor's office "assessed that it could not conclude that the UK authorities had remained inactive" and said it "could not substantiate allegations that the UK investigative and prosecutorial bodies had engaged in shielding" individuals from criminal responsibility, according to the statement.
"I therefore determined that the only professionally appropriate decision at this stage is to close the preliminary examination," said Bensouda.
She acknowledged that the decision might elicit "dismay and disappointment," and noted in her full report that the British authorities' process "has resulted in not one single case being submitted for prosecution: a result that has deprived victims of justice."
The decision, said ECCHR General Secretary Wolfgang Kaleck, "reinforces longstanding double standards in international justice and shows once again that powerful actors can get away with systematic torture."
"To this day, the UK has failed to fully investigate and prosecute systematic torture by its armed forces in Iraq; in particular, it has refused to investigate those at the top of command," Kaleck continued. "The ICC and the international justice system are failing in their primary purpose: to ensure accountability for grave crimes. "
"The decision is a severe blow to Iraqi torture survivors," Kaleck added.
Human Rights Watch also lamented the decision.
\u201cThe Prosecutor\u2019s office also find the crimes were sufficiently grave to justify further action by the ICC. Due to their scale, nature, manner of commission and impact on victims and their families. The manner of commission was \u2018particularly cruel, prolonged and severe\u2019. /2\u201d— Clive Baldwin (@Clive Baldwin) 1607545338
"The UK government has repeatedly shown precious little interest in investigating and prosecuting atrocities committed abroad by British troops," said Clive Baldwin, senior legal advisor at Human Rights Watch. "The prosecutor's decision to close her UK inquiry will doubtless fuel perceptions of an ugly double standard in justice: one approach to powerful states and quite another for those with less clout."
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The International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor said Wednesday that--despite evidence of war crimes--it is not launching a probe into actions committed by British forces in Iraq.
Chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda's office opened a preliminary examination in 2014 into allegations of systematic inhumane acts including sexual assault and torture against Iraqi detainees between 2003 to 2008. That development was praised at the time by the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), which submitted evidence to the court, as "a milestone for Iraqi victims and for international criminal law."
Wednesday's announcement, in contrast, drew fierce ire from the group.
In a statement, Bensouda said that her office had "previously found, and today confirmed, that there is a reasonable basis to believe that members of the British armed forces committed the war crimes of wilful killing, torture, inhuman/cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity, and rape and/or other forms of sexual violence. The office has identified a confined number of incidents to reach this determination which, while not exhaustive, appear to correspond to the most serious allegations of violence against persons in UK custody."
"The office further found that several levels of institutional civilian supervisory and military command failures contributed to the commission of crimes against detainees by UK soldiers in Iraq," Bensouda continued.
However, she pointed to investigations carried out by British authorities into the allegations as reason to quash a full probe.
The prosecutor's office "assessed that it could not conclude that the UK authorities had remained inactive" and said it "could not substantiate allegations that the UK investigative and prosecutorial bodies had engaged in shielding" individuals from criminal responsibility, according to the statement.
"I therefore determined that the only professionally appropriate decision at this stage is to close the preliminary examination," said Bensouda.
She acknowledged that the decision might elicit "dismay and disappointment," and noted in her full report that the British authorities' process "has resulted in not one single case being submitted for prosecution: a result that has deprived victims of justice."
The decision, said ECCHR General Secretary Wolfgang Kaleck, "reinforces longstanding double standards in international justice and shows once again that powerful actors can get away with systematic torture."
"To this day, the UK has failed to fully investigate and prosecute systematic torture by its armed forces in Iraq; in particular, it has refused to investigate those at the top of command," Kaleck continued. "The ICC and the international justice system are failing in their primary purpose: to ensure accountability for grave crimes. "
"The decision is a severe blow to Iraqi torture survivors," Kaleck added.
Human Rights Watch also lamented the decision.
\u201cThe Prosecutor\u2019s office also find the crimes were sufficiently grave to justify further action by the ICC. Due to their scale, nature, manner of commission and impact on victims and their families. The manner of commission was \u2018particularly cruel, prolonged and severe\u2019. /2\u201d— Clive Baldwin (@Clive Baldwin) 1607545338
"The UK government has repeatedly shown precious little interest in investigating and prosecuting atrocities committed abroad by British troops," said Clive Baldwin, senior legal advisor at Human Rights Watch. "The prosecutor's decision to close her UK inquiry will doubtless fuel perceptions of an ugly double standard in justice: one approach to powerful states and quite another for those with less clout."
The International Criminal Court's Office of the Prosecutor said Wednesday that--despite evidence of war crimes--it is not launching a probe into actions committed by British forces in Iraq.
Chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda's office opened a preliminary examination in 2014 into allegations of systematic inhumane acts including sexual assault and torture against Iraqi detainees between 2003 to 2008. That development was praised at the time by the Berlin-based European Center for Constitutional and Human Rights (ECCHR), which submitted evidence to the court, as "a milestone for Iraqi victims and for international criminal law."
Wednesday's announcement, in contrast, drew fierce ire from the group.
In a statement, Bensouda said that her office had "previously found, and today confirmed, that there is a reasonable basis to believe that members of the British armed forces committed the war crimes of wilful killing, torture, inhuman/cruel treatment, outrages upon personal dignity, and rape and/or other forms of sexual violence. The office has identified a confined number of incidents to reach this determination which, while not exhaustive, appear to correspond to the most serious allegations of violence against persons in UK custody."
"The office further found that several levels of institutional civilian supervisory and military command failures contributed to the commission of crimes against detainees by UK soldiers in Iraq," Bensouda continued.
However, she pointed to investigations carried out by British authorities into the allegations as reason to quash a full probe.
The prosecutor's office "assessed that it could not conclude that the UK authorities had remained inactive" and said it "could not substantiate allegations that the UK investigative and prosecutorial bodies had engaged in shielding" individuals from criminal responsibility, according to the statement.
"I therefore determined that the only professionally appropriate decision at this stage is to close the preliminary examination," said Bensouda.
She acknowledged that the decision might elicit "dismay and disappointment," and noted in her full report that the British authorities' process "has resulted in not one single case being submitted for prosecution: a result that has deprived victims of justice."
The decision, said ECCHR General Secretary Wolfgang Kaleck, "reinforces longstanding double standards in international justice and shows once again that powerful actors can get away with systematic torture."
"To this day, the UK has failed to fully investigate and prosecute systematic torture by its armed forces in Iraq; in particular, it has refused to investigate those at the top of command," Kaleck continued. "The ICC and the international justice system are failing in their primary purpose: to ensure accountability for grave crimes. "
"The decision is a severe blow to Iraqi torture survivors," Kaleck added.
Human Rights Watch also lamented the decision.
\u201cThe Prosecutor\u2019s office also find the crimes were sufficiently grave to justify further action by the ICC. Due to their scale, nature, manner of commission and impact on victims and their families. The manner of commission was \u2018particularly cruel, prolonged and severe\u2019. /2\u201d— Clive Baldwin (@Clive Baldwin) 1607545338
"The UK government has repeatedly shown precious little interest in investigating and prosecuting atrocities committed abroad by British troops," said Clive Baldwin, senior legal advisor at Human Rights Watch. "The prosecutor's decision to close her UK inquiry will doubtless fuel perceptions of an ugly double standard in justice: one approach to powerful states and quite another for those with less clout."
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