Once upon a time, all of America was a First Amendment Zone. That's now as dead as Alexander Hamilton.
The city of Cleveland revealed part of its security plan for the Nuremberg rally Republican National Convention. Securing the convention will require a heavily policed, fenced off 3.3 square-mile First Amendment Zone. A fun fact is that the First Amendment Zone is about the same size as Baghdad's Green Zone.
The Zone concept in Cleveland is to ensure that the people's rights to free speech are "preserved," only someplace far enough away that no one can hear them, and surrounded by police so that the speech stays in line.
The ACLU of Ohio filed a lawsuit to change or block the Zone; the result was only a slight enlargement of the area allotted.
"What the city has done here is draw a gigantic blanket area that covers most of downtown Cleveland," says Elizabeth Bonham, staff attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union of Ohio. "When the government takes the extreme step of limiting speech and assembly in any way, the burden is on them to justify that those restrictions are reasonable."
Access into the Cleveland Zone will be controlled by law enforcement, who also will regulate protests and other activity (no details available on what that means; I guess people will need to experiment with what free speech will get them Tasered.) No tennis balls, baseballs, umbrellas with metal tips, ladders, sticks, poles, strollers, flashlights, balloons (?) or bike locks will be allowed. The Zone will be overseen by the Cleveland police, the FBI, FEMA, and the U.S. Secret Service.
Cleveland mayor Frank Jackson has said the Zone and other crowd control measures are "an attempt to balance between safety, security and constitutional rights of people and ensure we have a successful convention."
Ah yes, the old standby of "balancing" security and inalienable rights. Gotta love that. Now let's go bust some hippie heads!
BONUS: The use of First Amendment Zones is Constitutional under many circumstances. The Supreme Court, via Ward v. Rock Against Racism, developed a four-part analysis to evaluate the constitutionality of time, place and manner (TPM) restrictions. To pass muster under the First Amendment, TPM restrictions must be neutral with respect to content, narrowly drawn, serve a significant government interest, and leave open alternative channels of communication. The test case had to do with a concert that people nearby felt was too loud, and has been expanded to cover the use of First Amendment Zones.
