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The New Anti-Science Assault on US Schools
In a disturbing trend, anti-evolution campaigners are combining with climate change deniers to undermine public education
You might have thought it was all over after the 2005 decision by the US district court of Middle Pennsylvania (pdf), which ruled in the case of the Dover Area schools that teaching intelligent design is unconstitutional. You might have guessed that they wouldn't come back after the 1987 US supreme court decision in Edwards v Aguillard, which deemed the teaching of creationism in Louisiana schools unconstitutional. Or maybe you figured that the opponents of evolution had their Waterloo in the 1925 Scopes "monkey" trial in Tennessee.
They are back. There are six bills aimed at undermining the teaching of evolution before state legislatures this year: two each in New Hampshire and Missouri, one each in Indiana and Oklahoma. And it's only February.
Charles Darwin, circa 1854: 12 February, his birthday, is marked by International Darwin Day. (photo: Corbis)
For the most part, the authors of these bills are singing a song we've heard before. Jerry Bergevin, the Republican sponsor of one of the New Hampshire bills, says of evolution that "It's a worldview and it's godless." He blames the teaching of evolution for Nazism and Columbine. Josh Brecheen, the sponsor of the Oklahoma bill, wants to stop the teaching of "the religion of evolution." These legislators, and their colleagues in Missouri and Indiana, trot out the hoary line that evolution is "just a theory" and that real science means saying that every point of view is just as good as any other.
Most of these bills aren't likely to get anywhere. The Indiana bill, which specifically proposes the teaching of "creation science", so obviously falls foul of the supreme court's 1987 ruling that it's hard to imagine it getting out of committee. The same could be said for the Missouri bill, which calls for the "equal treatment" of "biological evolution and biological intelligent design".
Still, it's worth asking: why is this happening now? Well, in part, it's just that anti-evolution bills are an indicator of the theological temperature in state houses, and there is no question that the temperature has been rising. New Hampshire, Indiana, Oklahoma, and Missouri turned deeper shades of red in the 2010 elections, as did the US Congress.
But there are a couple of new twists that make this same-old story more interesting than usual. One has to do with the temperature in a less metaphorical sense. The Oklahoma bill isn't properly speaking just an "anti-evolution" bill; it is just as opposed to the "theory" of "global warming". A bill pending in Tennessee likewise targets "global warming" alongside "biological evolution". These and other bills aim their rhetoric at "scientific controversies" in plural, and one of the New Hampshire bills does not even bother to specify which controversies it has in mind.
The convergence here is, to some degree, cultural. It just so happens that the people who don't like evolution are often the same ones who don't want to hear about climate change. It is also the case that the rhetoric of the two struggles is remarkably similar – everything is a "theory", and we should "teach the controversy". But we also cannot overlook the fact is that there is a lot more money at stake in the climate science debate than in the evolution wars. Match those resources with the passions aroused by evolution, and we may have a new force to be reckoned with in the classroom.
The other significant twist has to do with the fact that the new anti-evolution – make that anti-science – bills are emerging in the context of the most vigorous assault on public education in recent history. In Oklahoma, for example, while Senator Brecheen fights the forces of evolution and materialism, the funding for schools is being cut, educational attainments are falling, and conservative leaders are agitating for school voucher systems, which, in the name of "choice", would divert money from public schools to private schools – many of them religious. The sponsor of Indiana's anti-science bill, Dennis Kruse, who happens to be chairman of the Senate education committee, is also fighting the two battles at once.
The Heartland Institute – which has received funding in the past from oil companies and is a leading source of climate science skepticism – also lobbies strongly for school vouchers and other forms of "school transformation" that are broadly aimed at undermining the current public school system. The Discovery Institute – a leading voice for intelligent design – has indicated its support of exactly the same "school reform" initiatives.
If you can't shut down the science, the new science-deniers appear to be saying, you should shut down the schools. It would be a shame if they succeeded in replacing the teaching of science with indoctrination. It would be worse if they were to close the public school house doors altogether.
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283 Comments so far
Show AllTheories are not accepted by faith. Theories are explanations which have been verified in some manner - by experiment or a set of observations. Newton's approach to explaining gravity is only a theory, but if I open my fingers, the pencil will fall downward, not upward. Darwin's explanation of how things got to be as they are (natural selection) works quite well. And since the geneticists have developed their ability to "read" genes, very detailed verifications are possible,.
sheephearder, Darwin's explanation doesn't "work" in the slightest. His house of cards is made up of two destructive pillars: Random chaos and selection. Random chaos detroys all order yet it is asked to create it, and selection is a filter that can only kill or get out of the way, but it can not, by definition, create.
Please explain how any evidence, logic or math has ever verified Darwinism.
Random chaos is nonsense. You are confusing randomness with the second law of thermodynamics, which is not relevant here. Most genetic changes are not beneficial to an individual. When one is, because the external environment has changed, the individual is more likely to reproduce and pas the change on to another generation. If you amateurs would read a genetics book you might stop using these fallacious arguments.
Thanks sheepherder, your articulation of genetic changes is spot on.
Speaking of the laws of thermodynamics, might this be a time for light humour and bring up Imbezi's Law of the Conservation of Filth? :
It states "In order for something to get clean something else has to get dirty." Filth is thereby preserved. A new vacuum cleaner is an example of this. Filth is transferred to it and is preserved. The corollary is of course that in order for something to get dirty nothing has to get clean.
I came across this debunking of Creationism and the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics. The english I understand, regrettably the math is a little beyond me:
http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/thermo/probability.html
That would explain why nature abhors a vacuum cleaner.
http://ldolphin.org/abhors.jpg
Sheephearder, are you somehow magically exempt from the Second Law? How so?
"Most genetic changes are not beneficial" is an old "talkorigins" trick. I could as easily say that most genetic changes are not harmful to dispel Darwinism (who repeatedly used the word random for every single evolutionary change). Random accident was precisely what Darwin claimed, but we have found nothing random in life, least of all in genetics. If you oppose calling genetic changes random, then you oppose what they currently teach in school and you agree with me.
The vast majority of genetic changes are considered "neutral" and the vast majority of the so-called neutral mutatations have an unknown expression or none, possibly awaiting activation by a master gene. It is closer to the reality to suggest that they are all beneficial, except for those cases where there is radiation or chemical interference.
If you want to know what random mutations look like, view the results of radiation experiments on lab mice. If it is too grotesque for you to witness, I suggest you try making random changes to your next message. Close your eyes and make keystrokes before sending the message and see if the majority of the changes are neutral, followed by beneficial changes, then lastly, harmful.
A Darwinist jumps ahead and says "when a genetic change is beneficial..." without explaining how a beneficial change can happen, as you have done here. It is a bit like the Steve Martin joke on "How to be a Millionaire. First, get a million dollars, then..." There is no explanation on the most important question. What causes ANY beneficial changes to happen? Do you have an answer for that other than your claim that it isnt random? What is your non-random explanation for beneficial changes?
Remember, the big question is HOW do new functional traits continue to form, not whether or not beneficial traits are beneficial. What is your explanation for beneficial changes? (Dont care about selection or what happens AFTER the change)
It is because we are not a closed system that the laws of Thermodynamics do not apply. We have a constant source of energy (the sun) with which to build things (like complex hydrocarbons through photosynthesis). It is small things like this that the science-deniers conveniently overlook, hoping the people are too stupid to notice. Usually they are.
downtown, if you are a 2nd Law denier, then you are a science denier. There is no science in any claim that random chaos can create functional living things.
Your rationale for avoiding science makes no sense. Every known place in the universe is exposed to the light of a star, yet the powerful laws of entropy still apply. Having energy present is a giant leap away from utilizing that energy functionally.
But the explanatory failures of the Luck Theorists goes far beyond merely creating sugars in plants. Every tissue that ever formed functionally, every purposeful movement and every thought must be explained by these lunatic materialists and every one of the trillions of trillions of such dilemmas runs in direct conflict with the Second Law, which quite correctly states that chaos destroys order mercilessly and can not create anything at all that is functional and complex.
Your theory is the farthest thing from science imaginable.
"downtown, if you are a 2nd Law denier, then you are a science denier."
No, it means that he does not believe in the MISapplication of science.
"... in direct conflict with the Second Law, which quite correctly states that chaos destroys order mercilessly and can not create anything at all that is functional and complex."
No it does not! You are displaying GROSS ignorance here! Did you not read the post that you are replying to? You have already been told. Can you not understand that thermodynamics SIMPLY DOES NOT APPLY here. Your babble can only work on people who don’t know enough about thermodynamics to know better. Your problem is that some of your readers on CD ACTUALLY KNOW a bit of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics has nothing to say about what you are attempting to apply it to, and anyone who has studied thermodynamics knows that. If you dont understand, then please study some thermodynamics so that you get a feel for what it is about and what it applies to or else stop your pseudo-scientific babble.
Calm down, braith, you are totally wrong. The Second Law of Thermodynmics covers both the loss of energy and the reduction of order. I was a science major in college, thanks.
The Second Law applies everywhere, which means that if there is anything non-entropic, then there must be a reason. An energy source does not constitute ordered arrangement of an otherwise random state. Saying that sunlight constitutes an exception to the 2nd law would pretty much negate the 2nd law everywhere that gets light from a star, so everywhere not underground I guess. Funny, we dont see this anywhere except in biological entities.
So you do not have a free pass to avoid science due to - what was it - sunlight? How can sunlight create order from chaos? Does lightning build computers or volcanoes build robots? Energy sources are not an exception to entropy laws. Rather they are a great example of chaos doing what it does best - making a destructive mess.
Absolute hogwash. And you have absolutely no shame in your continuing to "lie for god". I offer this to everyone as an example of your dishonesty. If you were wondering about what level of honesty or truth you could expect from these visitors, this exposes them as frauds, and I strongly encourage anyone else who has studied thermodynamics to speak up now.
I studied thermodynamics academically and it has zero applicability to the topic of evolution and creationism. As the name suggest, it is about heat, and it says nothing about the evolutionary process. Either you are lying when you say you understand this, or you are lying when you pretend that it has something to say about evolution.
braithwa, can you and sheepboy get together and agree on whether the 2nd Law has no relevence to entropy or if it is refers to entropy in open systems (but it doesnt apply due to -ahem - sunlight.)??
At least sheephearder knows what the 2nd Law is, while you apparently slept through that class, while you studied it "academically" The Second Law of Thermodynamics is one of the most revered and undeniable laws of physics, based on very sound mathematical principles (not to mention common sense). One of its primary tenets holds that random happenstance changes tend to cause disorder and chaos, and the more randomness, the messier.
After decades of studying evolution and biology I still can not figure out why Darwinists are wholly incapable of grasping this altogether clear and simple fact..
Most Darwinist claim that some how the 2nd law of thermodynamics is not applicable to Darwin's theory of Evolution. If that is so then please answer the question why do all creature known in the biosphere [including man] tend to age & die over-time [that's generally referred to as its life-span]. With Darwin's theory of 'Survival of the Fittest' in effect for the past billion yrs, one would think that if the 2nd law was not applicable, this issue of aging & death would have worked itself out long ago via random selection & survival of the fittest modalities!
Some might try to argue that the 2nd law should only apply in the realm of physics [IE: thermodynamics] rather than biology. Yet Biology is inextricably tied to bio-chem, which a special branch of chemistry, & chemistry is inextricable tied to physics- PLUS The whole eco-sphere's evolutionary development occurred in the presence of sun-light &/or heat [a requirement to sustain the eco-sphere as we know it by the way]- Thus that argument does NOT Fly either!
The fact is that evolutionary development via any model - but especially Darwin's theory- strains the boundaries of the 2nd law to the breaking point. Thus either the 2nd law needs to be revised or Darwin's theory needs to be re-thought &/or abandoned.
Lying and denying indeed on evolution! Survival of the fittest also allows for survival of those living things coorperating the best-- human beings at least for modern humans for 100 to 100 millennia with now some break for some in the last half dozen to dozen millennia.
AD, could you please rephrase (no need to rehash the "lying" part, thanks). I have no idea what you were trying to say.
- The Lying took place when Darwinist won the Dover case by falsely claiming that ID theory = 'stealth' Creationism [I could make the claim that 'Darwinsm = 'stealth' atheism]- when ID theory uses scientific methodology & to my knowledge does NOT use the 'Biblical Genesis' or any other theological references to make its case.
- The lying takes place when many of the main images & assertions that are used to publicly teach & 'validate' Darwin's theory are actually suspect, been refuted or even FAKED! [see Biologist Dr Jonathan Wells' book 'Survival of the Fakest']!
- The Lying takes place when Darwinists claim that Darwin's theory has absolutely been proven when it has NOT been!
-The lying takes place when Darwinists proclaim Darwin's theory is THEE [only] theory of Evolution!. It IS the main theory that's been/being pushed- but its not the only theory- ID Theory is also a theory of evolution.
- The denying takes place when these issues are simply ignored &/or glossed over in public!
- The denying takes place when Darwinist insist that the 2nd fundamental law of physics - does NOT at all apply to evolutionary biology. My question is for them to name any other hi-ordered organized system where the 2nd law does NOT apply. No one even makes the ridiculous claim that electronic &/or mechanical devices & systems can just pop into existence from randomness & heat / sunlight [IE: under the same basic conditions that the eco-sphere developed]. They came into existence only because a highly ordered organized system w intelligence [IE: people] invented them. For Darwinist to make the specious claim that the 2nd law somehow does NOT apply to evolutionary biology - the Burden of Proof Lies w THEM - & I dare say that's a mighty tall order!
} From Wikipedia: In thermodynamics, ENTROPY is a measure of how much of the energy of a system is potentially available to do work and how much of it is potentially manifest as heat. A thermodynamic system is any physical object or region of space that can be described by its thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, pressure, volume and density. In simple terms, the second law of thermodynamics states that for a system, the intensive thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, pressure, and chemical potential tend to become more uniform [IE: random] as time goes by, unless there is an outside influence which works to maintain the differences. {
Any physical object [IE: body]- that can be described by temperature [do animals & people generate body heat - for people the standard body temp is 98.6*F], Pressure [IE: blood pressure], volume [= size], density [= weight/size] & chem potential [a fundamental branch of biology is Bio-Chem]. Thus the 2nd law definitely applies to biological systems & therefore its logical to presume it also applies to evolutionary biology. And There is an equivalent to the 2nd law for information theory - which points to the same conclusions, that things should NOT 'naturally' go from inert non-living substance to complex biological compounds, & then form cells & tissue, ultimately forming highly complex & highly-organized biological systems [including w intelligence], via random chance alone. Thus it's logical to presume that some other influence could be at work.
I agree Nixakliel, and have come to the inescapable conclusion that darwinism needs to be abandomed altogether. There is no validity to it.
The only reason Darwinists claim that the 2nd law doesnt apply to them is because it destroys their theory.
Doll, ID does not posit God as an answer. That would be Creationism.
ID is proven through the scientific method.
Darwinism is disproven through the scientific method.
Facts are those things that have been proven true (Intelligent Evolution). Faith is those things not proven true, but believed anyway. (Creationism) Fiction is that which has been proven false but is believed anyway. (Darwinism).
"ID is proven through the scientific method."
Ha ha ha.
"Granted that Charles Darwin didn't use that exact phrasing"
So he didnt say it but we blame him for it anyway, and because we blame him for what he didn't say, evolution is not science but a creation myth?
Check out Herbert Spencer, the creator of the idea of social darwinism. He was quite popular among the one percenters of his time, including Carnegie. Carnegie ran his businesses by Spencer's rule of 'survival of the fittest' and invited Spencer to the USA to view the results. Spencer was horrified by the conditions his ideas imposed on laboring human beings.
Oh, and one of the reasons Darwin didn't push the idea of survival of the fittest is because there is no fittest. The environment is constantly changing so it would be a moving target if it existed, but most importantly every individual is made up of very many characteristics. The zebra that is faster and escapes the lion may not have the best immune system. Evolution works on the population, not the individual, and it takes a large and wildly diverse gene pool to provide the genetic material that can keep up.
Dmadrone:
I see a distinction between Charles Darwin the man and Darwinism the
set of ideas. I don't blame Charles Darwin for the idea of survival of
the fittest of Homo Sapiens in the 19-th century (or in the 21-st century);
that never was his idea. He wrote of slow, cumulative alteration of the
form and function of individual animal species over many millions of
years -- NOT in the short-term social context. Survival of the fittest in
the short term was an idea of greedy men that was put into SOCIAL
DARWINISM, which was their new doctrine.
As to Darwinism's being a myth instead of a theory, I thought I made
my thinking clear. I do not say that the reason for Darwinism's being
a myth is that its "morph", social Darwinism is false; THAT is false, but
that, in itself, is not enough to make any set of ideas a myth. A myth is
any "ideation" that cannot be gotten rid of, regardless of whether it is
true or false. A myth has been woven into our conceptualizations and
culture, and is kept therein for what (I reckon) is our comfort, catharsis,
convenient maxims, excuses, etc. I am reminded of Robert Frost's
poem, "Mending Fence", where the neighbor spoke a maxim, and then,
because he liked saying it, he said it again: "Good fences make good
neighbors." That maxim was maybe-true, or maybe-not-true, but the
neighbor couldn't get away from it, I reckon because it excused his need
to make fences. In a similar way we don't get away from survival of the
fittest easily. We might say/think "survival of the fittest" by habit, I reckon
for the comfort/excuse it gives us for "man's inhumanity to man". A mere
theory can/must be susceptible to disproof by contrary evidence; not so
a myth. To be fair, I must say also, that creationism is a myth. Within a
scientific context, we can disprove creationism, but science is not what
creationism is; it is a myth that gives some people comfort.
Most people try to separate Darwin & Darwinism from Social-Darwinism / Eugenics. Yet The 'Father' of Eugenics was Charles Darwin's 1st Cousin- Francis Galton. Galton developed his ideas of Eugenics [= Social Darwinism] virtually at the same time that Darwin developed his 'Survival of the Fittest' explanation for the development on life & species [Darwinism- generally conflated w evolution]. Furthermore Darwin & Galton shared a grandson, Charles Galton Darwin, who became Pres of the UK's Eugenics [= Social Darwinism] Institute / Society! And both Darwin & Galton were heavily influenced by Thomas Malthus.
aequum: Charles Darwin is the author of Origin of Species, in which he propounded the idea that biological speciation occured as the result of a natural selection due to the physical circumstances in which the individual members of a species found themselves.
For example, if one happenned to be a granite eater, but one's local region happenned to be depleted of granite, then one is doomed along with any offspring, while the basalt eaters may be doing quite well thank you.
The revelation of evolution through natural selection is enlightening and liberating for the human spirit because it expands our understanding of the physical world, whereas so called social darwinism is akin to religious dogma and can set people up for a mind set which goes against their own interersts.
There is nothing liberating or enlightening about saying that if something exists that can survive in its environment, then it is more likely to survive. It is actually an extremely vapid and non-explanatory emptiness.
The big question is how does it exist in the first place, not "If it can survive, will it survive?" Darwin, by the way, credited random accident for the existence of functional living creatures. Yep, thanks, Charles.
The evangelical right's anti-science hysteria is dragging this country farther and farther behind the rest of the informed, educated, and anti-superstitious countries of the world. While the rest of the world enters the 21st Century, the United States increasingly clings to the 19th. No good can come of that. The zealots need to be publicly challenged for their irrational beliefs -- when they try to impose them on the rest of us -- not publicly catered to. I am under no obligation to "respect" wacky religious beliefs when they corrupt our system of public education and influence the expenditure of my tax dollars.
The real argument is that there is only two ways to think either science or religion, god forbid anyone thinking outside of the box. Science is genetically altering your food and much of the life on earth while religion is in the bedroom giving lessons on how and when you should procreate. Neither are honest, both serve mainly to sustain themselves and by historical accounts at your expense. If you want to know how the earth was created, think about it, it is in your ancestral memory. Hint, the blood and bones of your ancestors are a good place to start.
Both "science" and "religion" are now very big businesses, with vested interests. And no, *real* science and *real* religion don't fit that mold, but people that follow the ideals rather than the business interests are as rare now as they've always been throughout history. It pays to use your head in any case, to separate the honest folks from the charlatans ...
All Darwin was saying is that those that adapt to change survive better than those that don't. (Some cannot) This is survival of the fittest but the modern concept is much more aggressive, not unlike the culture. It is the physical aspect, and religion is supposedly the spiritual aspect of nature. Two linear schools of thought will never intersect with some exceptions. Maybe it is the concept that the earth is a circle and we are a part of it that confuses people.
Good one! Clear Blue Sky.
Darwin had a WHOLE Lot more to say w the term 'Survival of the Fittest' than just 'Those who adapt to change survive better than those who don't'. That was NOT just some 'innocuous' statement that others have taken out of context- Trust me.
Like what for instance?
Darwin's first paper is commonly called ' The Origin of the Species' BUT in Fact this is not its original complete title which is: “The Origin of Species by Means of Natural selection OR The Preservation Of FAVORED RACES In The Struggle For Life". - The 2nd part of the title is no longer commonly used because it's been deemed not ‘Politically Correct’…
- “At some point in the not to distant future, the 'Civilized' races … will almost certainly [try to] EXTERMINATE & REPLACE the Savage' races throughout the world… {for by} The break between [civilized] man… will be wider than… even the Caucasian …and a lowly baboon; instead of as now- between the Negro or Australian and the gorilla.' -. From ‘Descent of Man’ ” Charles Darwin [In case there's any 'ambiguity' about who Darwin was talking about when he used the terms 'civilized' race & 'savage' races - here compares Black & Brown people to gorillas!]
- “With savages, the weak in body or mind are eliminated;… - We civilized men do our utmost to check this process of elimination…- We institute poor-laws [this shows that he was influenced by Malthus]; our medical men exert their utmost skill to save the life of every one… - Thus weak members of civilized societies propagate their kind. No one who has attended to the breeding of domestic animals will doubt that this must be highly injurious to the race of man…- Care wrongly directed, leads to the degeneration of the race; but excepting in the case of man himself, hardly anyone is so ignorant as to allow his worst animals to breed…“ From Charles Darwin’s Descent of Man [Here Darwin compares the poor & weak to animals- implying they should not be allowed to breed = Eugenics!]
I think what Darwin demonstrated was that behavior adaptation to external conditions resulted in genetic diversity. There are examples of tribal people that express greater genetic diversity than civilized populations and a greater capacity to adapt. I think the bias is how or who defines what is weak or strong. The practice of consanguinity or inbreeding in civilized cultures also demonstrates this principle. For his time he did make accurate observations (his birds) but that is a natural process. What you are talking about is human intervention, selective breeding for desirable traits which as we see also leads to the degeneration, if not extinction of species.
Do what our ancestors did in Europe. Round up these 'religious fundamentalists' and send them to some far off corner of the world like Madagascar or New Guinea and give them a mission to convert the natives. At least they will be out of our hair. We simply don't have enough funding for our mental health facilities here in the U.S. and therefore cannot cope with the hordes of mentally ill. Finally let the ignorant spurn the public school system and let them pay for private 'Madrassas' for their children to be educated in.
Seriously though corporate America supports 'Creationism' in public because it is one way to dismiss critical thinking. Once again to establish a pliant populace, it is necessary to keep them thinking in the simplest of terms. Analysis, such as the kind used in the study of sciences, may enable the population to second guess the existing system of rule. If the population loses 'faith' in the corpocracy, then divine intervention may be necessary to get them back into line.
The United States is the most religious country in the developed world. Even Israel, a country established on the basis of religion and race, dismisses the bible in general with the majority of the people there admitting that they don't believe in the existence of a supreme being. Yet the U.S. has far more in common with countries like Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, than they do with the Europeans or Japanese. Therefore we must accept that many of our fellow Americans are fundamentalists and that the dichotomy between an ecumenical and sectarian society won't go away in our lifetimes.
Space Cadet: I'd add to your post that those willing to follow a religious authority figure are easy pickings for general authoritarian regimes. If the religious leader says, "You must vote for ______________," the flock obliges for the most part. And if the religious leader convinces followers that persons of a specific ethnicity, or those who believe in a different interpretation of religious doctrine are the enemies, then making war becomes a far easier sell. NEVER under-estimate the role that fundamentalist religious congregations have played in normalizing today's New Crusades or supporting presidential frauds who never shy away from dropping bombs on the next set of darker hued peoples, all in the (false) name of heroism.
If this crud curriculum makes it into school courses, expect the next 'battleground' to be university addmissions and curicula, as these corporate-driven nut bags are beginning to find out from their deluded little darlings that what they were taught at the 'biblically-inspired' schools does not pass muster at that level (with the exeception being such low grade institutions such as Liberty University), if they are able to enter at all (as Christian conservative home-schooled students tasting a real academic atmosphere are finding out). So instead of adapting to reality, they will seek to remake reality in their own wacko image, and that has already begun with the likes of the Koch brothers endowing an economics chair at Florida State University, for example. This is not over by a long shot.
NATE: Don't forget attempts on the part of Conservatives to get students to turn in teachers whose curriculum is described as too liberal or radical. Or the awful book, written by a conservative wannabe turn-coat, "The 100 most Dangerous Teachers," by David Horowitz, I believe. This is all part of the low boil in the pot aimed at the next phase of McCarthy style hearings. Each day's news is more repugnant than the last's. "This Can't Be Happening Here," as Dave Lindorff put it. So true... or even Sinclair Lewis' "It Could Not Happen Here." How much is the result of absorbing Nazis into the covert (CIA) government infrastructure, who can say? If you are what you eat, than in our nation devouring Nazi Germany, some of what was absorbed now seems to be on the menu for citizens (of the Homeland).
What's wanted are Proles, not deep-thinking individuals who value the freedom essential to thinking deeply that promotes the capacity/capability to protest being made to become Proles. On the current Climate Calamity thread, I discuss culture and how it can be changed. This article is about that very process being applied from the Top down.
everything is a "theory", and we should "teach the controversy"
OK, let's do that with 9/11.
Scientists have only themselves to blame. The careless use of chemicals in food, the exaggerated unjustified claims for the safety of nuclear power, and the easy way scientists allow themselves to be corrupted have led not only Christians but also people interested in organic foods and safe energy to be anti-science as well. If people, including scientists, understood what science is they would understand that science is all about predictions. No predictions, no science. Since the theory of intelligent design offers no prediction of the outcome of an experiment, it cannot qualify for an alternative scientific theory. That said, those seriously interested in science should acknowledge the limitations of Darwin's theory. The principal of “survival of the fittest” also has no predictive capacity. Science does not deal with explanations except where they lead to predictions of experimental outcomes. Since the fittest are, by definition, the ones who survive to reproduce, the formula, survival of the fittest, collapses into survival of the survivors, a tautology. But this theory the chicken is more fit than the eagle. It too offers no predictive power however many explanations it provides in retrospect.
The idea of evolution does offer some predictive power. It predicts, for example, that we won't find a ten million year old human skeleton. But this prediction is weak and empirical. Skeletons older than we thought evolution allowed are found and the theory not refuted, but simply modified. In any case the theory of evolution is about nothing more than the age of fossils.
That Darwin's theories led to Hitler makes a lot of sense, but they also led, even more directly, to unbridled capitalism. For free market theory is nothing more than social Darwinism.
The development of "organic foods and safe energy" is extremely dependent on science. Oh, and there's lots of controversy within the scientific community about Darwin, which creationists cherrypick in their attempt to prove evolution is invalid. Your comment shows your concern and your confussion. I would suggest reading "What Evolution Is" by Ernst Mayr and "What is Life" by Lynn Margulis.
Why don't you show me where my confusion is. My claim is this: science is about prediction. The theory of survival of the fittest offers no means for prediction. Therefore it is not scientific. The theory of evolution offers predictive power only on the age of fossils. If I'm wrong show me where.
Sheephearder has already pointed-out an aspect of that confusion, which proves you don't really understand what evolution is, and which is why I suggested that book. Margullis's life work establishes the fact that life evolved through symbiosis and cooperation along with a dose of competition, which further explains the root mechanism for natural selection.
Sheepherder said Darwin never referred to survival of the fittest. That is scientifically irrelevant. But since you endorse this disavowal I assume you agree with me that this formulation is not scientific.
He also seems to think I mentioned competition, but I didn't. Whether or not there is competition has nothing to do with my argument. My point (again): the theory of evolution allows for predictions only about the fossil record, and no failure in prediction will refute the theory. Again, try to focus on the question and tell me where I am worng. Hint: give an example.
Look, we're discussing Evolutionary Theory, correct, which means that your insistence that Evolutionary Theory includes "survival of the fittest" is certainly up for discussion. That you think Evolutionary Theory includes survival of the fittest shows you do not understand Evolutionary Theory--which is the precise point at issue and nothing more. And from the comments, it's clear you are not alone.
Do you agree that a scientific theory must suggest an experiment and predict the result?
If so what experiment does Evolutionary Theory predict? You say I'm wrong so help me out.
"... a scientific theory must suggest an experiment..."
I highly suggest you read this wikipedia page about theory, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory and then its specific article about scientific theory, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_theory particularly the section on "Essentail criteria," which I reproduce mostly here:
"The defining characteristic of a scientific theory is that it makes falsifiable or testable predictions. The relevance and specificity of those predictions determine how potentially useful the theory is. A would-be theory that makes no predictions that can be observed is not a useful theory. Predictions not sufficiently specific to be tested are similarly not useful. In both cases, the term 'theory' is hardly applicable."
Within the concept of Social Darwinism, there's the hypothesis known as Survival of the Fittest, which herbert Spencer presumably tried to elevate to the level of theory in his "Principles of Biology." Wikipedia's entry on Spencer is careful to call this a "concept," which is synonymous with hypothesis and other less attractive terms. A lot of effort went into attempting to make Social Darwinism into a Natural Law. The attempts failed, but that hasn't stopped authoritarians from trying to use it to legitimize their actions.
Wikipedia? Really?
A theory need not be repeatable to be a theory. The Big Bang theory can not be repeated (without a really huge government grant). A theory can be anything from nearly 100% proven true to nearly 100% proven false.
The theory of evolution should mean, as many casual observers assume, simply that living things have evolved to be the way they are. Unfortunately Darwinists have succeeded in falsely including their silly selection concept and the clearly false random accident claims within what is termed "THE theory of evolution" (caps mine for emphasis).
There is more than one theory of evolution, and one of the first things that needs to change in school textbooks is a redefining of the various theories..
The big bang theory, like any other theory, suggests repeatable experiments.
I guess it would, in the hands of religious fanatics of the type that infest the USA, but fortunately you wont be able to make a bomb quite big enough.