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How the Rich Soaked the Rest of Us
The astonishing story of the last few decades is a massive redistribution of wealth, as the rich have shifted the tax burden
Over the last half century, the richest Americans have shifted the burden of the federal individual income tax off themselves and onto everybody else. The three convenient and accurate Wikipedia graphs below show the details. The first graph compares the official tax rates paid by the top and bottom income earners. Note especially that from the end of the second world war into the early 1960s, the highest income earners paid a tax rate over 90% for many years. Today, the top earners pay a rate of only 35%. Note also how the gap between the rates paid by the richest and the poorest has narrowed. If we take into account the many loopholes the rich can and do use far more than the poor, the gap narrows even more.
When the Cadillac Eldorado made its debut in the 1950s, wealthy Americans were paying a top rate of tax of 90%; today, the top rate of tax is 35%.
One conclusion is clear and obvious: the richest Americans have dramatically lowered their income tax burden since 1945, both absolutely and relative to the tax burdens of the middle income groups and the poor.
Consider two further points based on this graph: first, if the highest income earners today were required to pay the same rate that they paid for many years after 1945, the federal government would need far lower deficits to support the private economy through its current crisis; and second, those tax-the-rich years after 1945 experienced far lower unemployment and far faster economic growth than we have had for years.
Historical tax rates for the highest and lowest income earners
The lower taxes the rich got for themselves are one reason why they have become so much richer over the last half century. Just as their tax rates started to come down from their 1960s heights, so their shares of the total national income began their rise. As the two other Wikipedia graphs below show, we have now returned to the extreme inequality of income that characterised the US a century ago.
The graph above shows the portion/percentage of total national income taken by the top 1%, the top tenth of a percent, and the top 100th of a percent of individuals and families: the richest of the rich. The third graph compares what happened to the after-tax household incomes of Americans from 1979 to 2005 (adjusted for inflation). The bottom fifth of poorest citizens saw their income barely rise at all. The middle fifth of income earners saw their after-tax household income rise by less than 25%. Meanwhile, the top 1 % of households saw their after-tax household incomes rise by 175%.
In simplest terms, the richest Americans have done by far the best over the last 30 years, they are more able to pay taxes today than they have been in many decades, and they are more able to pay than other Americans by a far wider margin. At a time of national economic crisis, especially, they can and should contribute far more in taxes.
Instead, a rather vicious cycle has been at work for years. Reduced taxes on the rich leave them with more money to influence politicians and politics. Their influence wins them further tax reductions, which gives them still more money to put to political use. When the loss of tax revenue from the rich worsens already strained government budgets, the rich press politicians to cut public services and government jobs and not even debate a return to the higher taxes the rich used to pay. So it goes – from Washington, to Wisconsin, to New York City.
Share of national income taken by top tranches of earners
How do the rich justify and excuse this record? They claim that they can invest the money they save from taxes and thereby create jobs, etc. But do they? In fact, cutting rich people's taxes is often very bad for the rest of us (beyond the worsening inequality and hobbled government it produces).
Several examples show this. First, a good part of the money the rich save from taxes is then lent by them to the government (in the form of buying US Treasury securities for their personal investment portfolios). It would obviously be better for the government to tax the rich to maintain its expenditures, and thereby avoid deficits and debts. Then the government would not need to tax the rest of us to pay interest on those debts to the rich.
Second, the richest Americans take the money they save from taxes and invest big parts of it in China, India and elsewhere. That often produces more jobs over there, fewer jobs here, and more imports of goods produced abroad. US dollars flow out to pay for those imports and so accumulate in the hands of foreign banks and foreign governments. They, in turn, lend from that wealth to the US government because it does not tax our rich, and so we get taxed to pay for the interest Washington has to give those foreign banks and governments. The largest single recipient of such interest payments today is the People's Republic of China.
Third, the richest Americans take the money they don't pay in taxes and invest it in hedge funds and with stockbrokers to make profitable investments. These days, that often means speculating in oil and food, which drives up their prices, undermines economic recovery for the mass of Americans, and produces acute suffering around the globe. Those hedge funds and brokers likewise use part of the money rich people save from taxes to speculate in the US stock markets. That has recently driven stock prices higher: hence, the stock market recovery. And that mostly helps – you guessed it – the richest Americans who own most of the stocks.
Relative increases in net household incomes of Americans from 1979 to 2005
The one kind of significant wealth average Americans own, if they own any, is their individual home. And home values remain deeply depressed: no recovery there.
Cutting the taxes on the rich in no way guarantees social benefits from what they may choose to do with their money. Indeed, their choices can worsen economic conditions for the mass of people. These days, that is exactly what they are doing.
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104 Comments so far
Show AllYou say you want a revolution!
Taxation is only half of the issue.
The exponential increase of corporate welfare for the wealthy has increased their wealth even more than the tax breaks have.
Zeitgeist - in case anyone wants the link, great thorough overview to share
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dmPchuXIXQ
>>Posted by old goat
Mar 2 2011 - 1:07pm
Zeitgeist - in case anyone wants the link, great thorough overview to share
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_dmPchuXIXQ <<
Yes, agreed. The Third part of the first series was quite illuminating.
*Addendum* even more so http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gKX9TWRyfs
and the latest installment, released to the internet in late January is the icing on the cake. Zeitgeist - Moving Forward
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Z9WVZddH9w
I have recommended going to 49 minutes 35 second mark on Moving Forward. And finish the rest. Takes you to the section *Welcome to the Machine* The first part seemed a bit dull and could lose the majority. Maybe revisiting the first part if it behooves you afterward. Just a personal recommendation.
Grab some popcorn, relax and soak it in !
Hey guys (Zeitgeist and old goat) thanks for the links.
Many will want to watch the full movie.
Very useful information as to where we are today with this global corporate/financial/militarist Empire which controls our former country by hiding behind the facade of its bought and owned TWO-Party 'Vichy' faux-democratic government --- aided, of course, by its equally 'Vichy' corporatist media.
Alan MacDonald
Sanford, Maine
"Liberty over violent empire"
Party Headquarters
As it happens, I was trying to discuss this very subject with a very conservative relative. Each complaint of hers about the situation in Wisconsin, income inequality, and taxing the reach was answered in a similar manner to the points in this article. The reply? Stunned silence. Then, "It's a conspiracy," "There's going to be a revolution." My reply - Yes, it's a conspiracy of the rich against the rest us. Yes, there will (I hope) be a revolution - when the remainder of the middle class awakens and stops voting against their own interests. I always tell conservatives I'll do the best I can, but they'll likely be assigned to a re-education camp.
At least she didn't call you a conspiracy theorist (like so many Americans are programmed to respond).
Until the US working class stops denying that they are the victims of this conspriacy they will continue in their downward death spiral.
smipypr, yes, you and Professor Wolff are both providing compelling truths to folks who often are merely uninformed of the real situation.
In this piece Professor Wolff does his normal great job in applying both facts and critical thinking, which is very accessible and clear to average people as well as economists who are willing to be open to the reality of the situation.
In addition to Wolff's detailing of the major ways in which the rich take advantage of the system, a wonderful new book by Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson, "Winner-Take-All Politics: How Washington Made the Rich Richer--and Turned Its Back on the Middle Class" looks into, documents, and clearly demonstrates how the rich (and their global financial Empire, the innocently so-called 'globalism') have directly 'gamed' the political system for decades to allow and support this one-way transfer of our "Commonwealth" (Hardt and Negri) to these 'Empire-thinkers'.
http://www.amazon.com/Winner-Take-All-Politics-Washington-Richer-Turned/dp/1416588698
Best,
Alan
Too late. Tim !
Unless you have been locked in a closet for the past quarter century its very apparent that the "twisted agenda" has "taken over America".
Yes, most Americans are afflicted with terminal denial syndrome and won't admit it.
Sure Tim1, if we all have decent healthcare, housing, job opportunities, then we will certainly be slaves.
What utter nonsense.
This is like looking at a motor vehicle engine, seeing a spark plug wire hanging loose, and pontificating: "I see the trouble; there's a spark plug wire hanging loose."
But from somewhere a voice calmly says: "Yes, but if you reconnect that wire to the spark plug then I'll kill you."
Democracy has been reduced to the status of Sex Slave of Capitalism. I can think of no other way to express this verity that is not mealy mouthed. We plebes can VOTE for the vulgarly rich to stop jerking the rest of us around until hell freezes over. Their laughter is only going to grow louder.
==The fact remains that, with today's federal income tax rates, the top 1% of incomes pay 38% of the taxes, the top 5% pay 58.7%, the top 25% pay 86.3% and the bottom 50% pay 2.7%. Unfair, you say?==
To me this sounds like a mantra being muttered over and over, by gang rapist number four in line, who -with self doubt- is waiting his turn to get inside some member of the deserving poor.
Trylon
Huh?
Conservatives don't want to tax the middle class out of existence. kWhich party is the tax-and-spend (I'm sorry, "invest") party? The Democrats. Who supports the Democrats? Their largest campaign contributors are not the corporations or conservatives. Their largest supporters are plaintiffs' lawyers (who always oppose caps on liability for amorphous, unprovable damages such as "pain and suffering") and unions, particularly public workers' unions.
Conservatives want to shrink government, not expand it. They want to end the money flood, which reached epic proportions during Obama's first two years. The money paid to Wall Street in the Troubled Asset Relief Program has largely if not entirely been paid back with a handsome return to the Government. Not so with the "Stimulus" -- which stimulated nothing other than Nancy Pelosi's left-wing constituency and did not reduce unemployment.
The military is a huge financial drain, but many of the people in uniform might well otherwise be unemployed. In that sense, it is a latter-day descendant of the Works Projects Administration of the 1930s. As they say, the Army is like the Boy Scouts, except the Boy Scouts have adult leadership.
Yes, the banksters paid back the TARP money (that came with token conditions) with 0% interest money the banksters continue to receive with NO CONDITIONS ATTACHED from the Federal Reserve..
Can you say SHELL GAME, Horace ?
Yes, since more than half of the "Stimulus" was more tax breaks for the 1% club, the "Stimulus" didn't provide the economic boost or as many infrastructure improvements as it could have if the Democrats hadn't capitulated to the Republicans' squealling (the Democrats didn't need any Republican votes to pass it).
And yes, the military and the military industrial complex provide millions of jobs for people who could never get a real job.
RAY: Thanks for laying it out to this imbecile. He's raised the same redundant talking points on multiple occasions (in this forum). Even when presented with far better arguments (and facts!) than his own, he still reverts to his tired lines!
Also, as per the military-jobs aspect of this argument, the military could arguably be put to CREATIVE as opposed to destructive (all those killing fields, with ecocide configured into that equation substantially) use. All that manpower can rebuild the nation's bridges, roads, inner city ghettos. There is TONS of housing that's vacant that could be used to house the homeless or those with handicaps. New forms of greener technology could also be implemented. Instead, the concept of National Defense is twisted to mean killing suspected (redi-made) enemies, instead of actually protecting the nation from the upcoming ravages of Mother Nature.
The resources exist in abundance... as with everything, what's at stake are priorities; and as this article well asserts... so long as the rich have idle money on their hands, it can be deftly used to buy politicians. That way the agendas of the elites get met! This is in direct opposition to the ideals and needs of a democratic society. In fact, it's against nature!
Using the pyramid symbol on our own dollar currency, it has become inverted. With all the wealth aggregating at the top tip, how can the bottom support it? The whole thing is pivoted to inevitably implode... like a big pinata. I just hope all those impoverished people who haven't had a decent meal in years will get to eat to their heart's content on the carcass of all the effete wealth... when it's at last dispersed!
Hi, Horace, fellow troll. I take issue with a couple of your points. Lawyer' contributions to democrats don't account for that much. Last fall the top 10 groups giving to political parties were 7 corporate right-wing groups and 3 union (the top 4 were corporate). Look into the stimulus further. You are simply wrong about that.
You can tinker with the tax code to make the rich pay more, but it is not lower taxes that has created the great inequity and the concentration of wealth at the very top. That concentration of wealth has been a feature of our economy from the start. It is the nature of our monetary system to funnel the money up. Progressive taxation was introduced to counteract this tendency. But Ronald Reagan came along to dismantle the New Deal, and with the cooperation of Democrats, Clinton in particular, that has been done.
Wolfe suggests that we reintroduce progressive taxation. That would help, but it would not change the nature of the Ponzi scheme that is our monetary system. This is the opinion of Bernie Madoff, perhaps our greatest living authority on Ponzi schemes. Through the miracle of compound interest, our system, which is a private monetary system, imposes a tax on the use of money. This tax is paid to the elite since it is they who own the credit machine. Fixing the tax code is not going to change the Ponzi nature of the system which is owned and operated by the wealthy in their own interest.
Eventually, the Ponzi scheme goes bust. This is what happened recently and what has always happened in a downturn. This is a systemic failure, however, not the "business cycle". The power to control the cost of credit and the money supply itself has to be taken out of private hands. Fixing the tax code is a temporary patch that doesn't confront the systemic flaw itself. Money is a public utility, not a con game the elite play in their own interest.
Money is not a "public utility" and all earned income does not belong to the government unless and until they allow the people to keep some of it.
Giving tax money to the indigent and to fund other government purposes is a governmental expenditure. Letting people keep some of the money they earned is not an "expenditure". The use in the media and elsewhere of the term "tax expenditure"--e.g., allowing people to deduct state taxes from their federal taxable income--is an effort by the left wing to establish a moral equivalence between taking money from people through taxes and giving money to people through welfare, etc. It is a morally corrupt and corrosive effort to justify the use of taxation to redistribute income.
"It is a morally corrupt and corrosive effort to justify the use of taxation to redistribute income."
You are quite correct. What is needed goes much farther than simply using taxation to redistribute the wealth. The capitalist class, that appropriates the wealth, must be done away with. Glad we could agree on something.
Without the awful "government" that you excoriate, money would have no meaning. Let's' not stop at half measures. How about we end all the government interference including all those pesky laws protecting property?
But no Horace, people like you only want government to protect the wealthy, and like to call efforts to protect the weak immoral.
You are a great example of a capitalist authoritarian, so why don't you give up the BS about morality. With guys like you, morality is just another word for protecting the property of the wealthy.
Money can not exist without government.
Allowing private corporations to create money and then charge interest to the borrower is a foolproof method to enrich the owners of those private corporations.
The Federal Reserve is a private corporation that creates money. It systematically produces inflation (or the devaluation of money) by it or their surrogates (the large banks) by charging interest on the money they create. That's why a loaf of bread cost more today than it did 50 years ago.
How the Fed is allowed to enrich a select few without any political backlash by the majority of Americans doesn't make sense to me.
Glad you finally explained to us how inflation works.
H.L. Mencken said, "For every complex problem, there is a solution that is short, simple and wrong."
For every complex situation there is a simple explanation, always.
" Money is a public utility, not a con game the elite play in their own interest."
Yes, money ought to be a public utility but I'm afraid you're only conveying information to the initiated. Others should view "money as debt" or a similar introduction.
http://topdocumentaryfilms.com/money-as-debt-promises-unleashed/
The most backward and reactionary elements now control the AmeriKKKan government. The false choices of budget cuts and tax cuts for the rich that both the Democratic and Republican parties advocate would roll back government regulation of corporation and greedy-rich would have workers living under conditions that existed in the 19th century.
We need to organize nationally--general strikes, boycotts and non-violent resistance.
Both Republicans and Democrats should agree to a few basic principles. Lower taxes and desirable, Basic services essential, and Investment in Infrastructure, in Education, and In Health Care are the building blocks to sustain and grow an economy and must be paid for by whatever low or high tax rate is required. Military expenses are counterproductive to economic growth (except in the military industrial complex where jobs depend on a bloated military) but while counterproductive to growth a strong defense is essential to survival. In addition veterans with their pensions, health care and coordinating agencies are morally imperative expenses which continue to rise dramatically.
If we accept these propositions, we can begin to debate questions about long term goals, building the economy, reducing unemployment, raising our educational achievement and including all in our health care. I suspect that tax rates need to rise, probably not just on the wealthiest -- and tax loopholes and the private "sweet deals made to special interests" closed. This is something a Dem could agree to, but they need also to consider that business needs to invest in this economy, and they must thrive for recovery. Tax credits for investment at home, and tied specifically to job creation or protection are essential at this time. We can't just give the corporation the choice of paying 100 million in tax, or investing 100 million in automated equipment which puts a 1000 workers out of work. But a 100 million which protects or expands the numbers of workers, and upgrades equipment and efficiency stimulates the economy, increases revenue and makes America more productive. Punitive taxes on business which uses foreign plants to replace American workers would be difficult and perhaps counter-productive, but we at least need to remove the incentive to move jobs.
until the rich realize, like some of us already, that life is more fun with little money and that money doesn't bring happiness, this situation won't change.
we are talkin' bout greed here...
Mae West said, "I've been rich and I've been poor. Believe me, rich is better."
i said nothing about being poor, there horace, but then i didn't think you might imagine a scenerio where not being rich does not mean being poor.
Or, for that matter, a scenario.
Exactly, Ho. This is a shitty country to be poor in, but perhaps not the shittiest.Yet.
In any event, and in any country, when it's time to be put out to pasture, be sure you own the pasture.
Horace = Whore ass
Horace ~
Mae West said that?
I wish I could say that the rest of your drivel is more accurate. It ain't.
They really can't stand seeing us middle class and poor folks being happy despite our lack of billions. These economic royalists are miserable and jealous humans; and damn they are going to drag us down into their misery with them. It's really about misery.
Power, not greed drives people. Money gives people power over others - it is about social relations, not individual personal qualities.
Who says crime doesn't pay?
I'm also sideswiped by the naivetae of believing the money people give us jobs. What a fuckin joke. They take their money out of the country, the jobs are out of the country. I say we blackball their citizenship.
It's OK to hate the rich.
Mr. Wolff is about a decade behind the learning curve.
Actually, he's been doing this kind of analysis for a couple of decades, and he's a U Mass professor, and you're not.
Well, the top earners are pocketing 500 hundred thousand dollars a week. Two out of every three Wisconsin corporations pay ZERO tax - someone must suffer, eh?
BRIBERY is what the Rich are doing with the money they are accumulating. Let us not conceal the elephant in the room by calling it "Campaign Contributions". Our politicians are being Bribed by the Rich and International Corporations. An Australian and a Saudi Prince own News Corp, which Fox "News" is a part of. Fox News is blatantly manipulating American Politics and Bribing America Politicians and no one will speak out against them. Free Speech is invoked to protect Fox. Corporations are people you know. But Free Speech is one thing and blatant lying another. Psychological brain washing is being used on the American people to justify current political actions. A vast majority of Americans don't realize what is happening and those who do are not speaking out.
It's not a 'bribe'. It's an investment. -sniff-
The US should follow Canada's lead:
"Fox News will not be moving into Canada after all! The reason: Canada regulators announced last week they would reject efforts by Canada's right wing Prime Minister, Stephen Harper, to repeal a law that forbids lying on broadcast news.
Canada's Radio Act requires that "a licenser may not broadcast....any false or misleading news." The provision has kept Fox News and right wing talk radio out of Canada and helped make Canada a model for liberal democracy and freedom."
--(as posted in HuffingtonPost---though I avoid the site since it sold out to the right wing AOL)
Revoke the license of all media entities that promulgate lies, then seize some of their assets as punitive fines.
While the conservatives like to beat their chests saying the wealthy pay their fare share of taxes, I would like to throw in this bit of information. Why is it 55,000 millionaires and billionaires have their money stashed in UBS Warburg in Switzerland, and did not pay any taxes on that money? The US government had to threaten the Swiss government to give names. An agreement was brokered where 4,400 names were released. Now, I certainly am not giving the Obomba Admin any kudos because it clearly has sided against the people and with the corporate plutocrats. This story conveniently disappeared. I want to keep it on the radar screen and for people to ask questions.
You are right to keep track of these news stories about these scoundrels gracchus!
Here is one about the billionaire who paid no tax on 9 billion:
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/09/business/09estate.html?_r=1&ref=inheritanceandestatetaxes
Here is an article about how the corporate criminal (and largest contributor to G. W. Bush's presidential campaign) Kenneth Lay of Enron died without having to pay back the billions he stole, and whose family is still living off the fat.
http://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0828/p03s02-usju.html
But when poor people break the law it's into the slammer and mandatory minimum sentencing.
Of course the trolls will counter with "But this is all legal" ...
Yes, ...crime IS legal in the USA don't you know...
People who commit tax fraud should be prosecuted and, apparently, that is happening now in the case of thousands who used fraud and deception courtesy of UBS. No tax system is foolproof, but the existence of Swiss banks as a means of defrauding other governments is an outrage. IMHO, UBS should have been banned permanently from the United States.
what about cayman islands
One of their Board members is former Senator Phil Gramm. Coincidence?
Why is it that conservatives believe that the Fat Cats deserve the wealth they have? There are two reasons they have their dough. One is the fact that they stole the labor of the little people. Two is the fact that they stole the money of the little people. If CEO's were forced to give their bonuses to the tax base we would not have states in trouble.
We are so fucked.