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A Response to Those Who Say Don't Prosecute Bush's Torture Lawyers
As we reported earlier, Justice Department investigators are likely to recommend that the Bush-era torture memo authors should not be criminally prosecuted, rather they recommend the department refer "two of the three lawyers [who authored the torture memos] to state bar associations for possible disciplinary action... where the most severe possible punishment is disbarment."
Over the past few weeks, I have been extensively reporting on the efforts to hold Bush-era torturers, their bosses (ie Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Gonzalez, etc.) and their lawyers (including Jay Bybee, Steven Bradbury and John Yoo) accountable through criminal prosecutions. Some people have argued the torturers themselves shouldn't be prosecuted, only the top officials, while others have publicly (and in emails to me and in comments on my Facebook and web pages) suggested that the lawyers should not be prosecuted.
In short, I disagree completely. I believe that all of those who were a part of this torture system need to face justice for their crimes. I also believe the Democrats who were briefed on the program as early as 2002 should also face the music.
As for the individual torturers, they have committed crimes under both US and international laws and should be dealt with as such. But what about the lawyers? I was recently asked to "identify the punishable conduct and applicable law(s)" regarding prosecution of Bush's torture lawyers.
This is not some political debate. This is a matter of law and US obligations to its international treaties, which the Constitution explicitly states the US will respect and enforce.
First, I would recommend that anyone who thinks it is a "stretch" to prosecute lawyers who provided legal justifications for torture to read the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, which was signed by President Ronald Reagan. Specifically, read these portions:
Article 21. Each State Party shall take effective legislative, administrative, judicial or other measures to prevent acts of torture in any territory under its jurisdiction. 2. No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat or war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture. 3. An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture.
[...]
Article 4
1. Each State Party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law. The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture.
[...]
Article 7
1. The State Party in territory under whose jurisdiction a person alleged to have committed any offence referred to in article 4 is found, shall in the cases contemplated in article 5, if it does not extradite him, submit the case to its competent authorities for the purpose of prosecution.
The US is legally bound to this convention and I would argue that the attempted legalizing and authorizing of torture, such as was done by Bybee, Yoo and Bradbury is exactly what this treaty addresses and bans.
Then there is the precedent established at Nuremberg in the United States v. Altstoetter, which, according to constitutional and military law expert Scott Horton found "that lawyers who dispense bad advice about law of armed conflict, and whose advice predictably leads to the death or mistreatment of prisoners, are war criminals, chargeable with potentially capital offenses."
According to Horton:
[Hitler's] lawyers were indicted and charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes arising out of the issuance and implementation of the Nacht- und Nebelerlass. The United States charged that as lawyers, "not farmers or factory workers," they must have recognized that their technical justifications for avoiding the application of the Hague and Geneva Conventions were unavailing, because these conventions were "recognized by all civilized nations, and were regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war." That is to say, they were customary international law.[...]
After trial, the two principal [German] Justice Department lawyers, one a deputy chief of the criminal division, were convicted and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, less time served. This judgment clearly established the concept of liability of the authors of bureaucratic policies that breach basic rules of the Hague and Geneva Conventions for the consequences that predictably flow therefrom. Moreover, it establishes a particularly perilous standard of liability for government attorneys who adopt a dismissive attitude towards international humanitarian law.
These are just a few of the arguments for prosecuting the torture lawyers. More to come.
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56 Comments so far
Show AllGood article Jeremy, I agree completely.
Mr. Schahill,
Your argument is convincing, but the problem is these people are untouchable. They are above the law, and insulate themselves with other crooks to legally protect them. It is a double standard in the banana republic of the United States.
I doubt they would be above millions marching on DC and demanding JUSTICE. believe me, they are afraid. We have the power. The lawyers ahould be prosecuted, but above all, the Bush cabal shoul all go to jail......FOR LIFE ...NO PAROLE...AND ALL WHO ARE COMPLICIT.....
This is long, but please read and pass on.....you will not rgeret the time you spend.
http://www.israelshamir.net/Contributors/Collateral_Damage_911.pdf
www.israelshamir.net/Contributors/Collateral_Damage_Part_II_26122008.pdf
gracchus, that is the crux of the problem. We do not have a government of the people; by the people; and for the people; but a government of the criminals; for the criminals; and by the criminals.
First we have to shut down the courts, it can be done, just tell the judge you are not willing to serve as long as we are no longer a nation of laws. But you will be happy to do your jury service when the torturers,and war criminals Bush and Cheney are charged and put on trial for war crimes. Till then you cannot and will not serve.
Just a question---you must be very concerned with the Presidents statement that the individual he is considering for the Supreme Court must have empathy for the individual --must know what it is like to be poor, black, disabled-- that is far more disconcerting than whether W violated his oath of office--remember the words--"fundamentally change the United States of America"--your focus is not where it should be--
GRACCHUS, I agree with you and I also agree with ANGRYOLDMAN. These people ARE afraid - that is why they are trying to insulate themselves as untouchable, like you mention. They know the tide is changing and they fear that immensely.
Time to turn up the heat!
Now is the time to mirror the acts of those Jeremy lists, and a bunch more. Now is the time to take them all into custody, ship them directly to Gitmo, shoot them up with truth serum, or heroin, put them all into one room and give them sixty seconds to talk. The reason: our country is in danger now more than any time before, and it isn't from foreign forces. The dangers we face are from the Bush administration and the media and morons that have backed them. I want to see Murdoch, Ailes, Limbaugh, Palin, all the neocons, et al and anyone else who balks, put into custody and forced to speak or get shot. I suggest they start shooting their feet and work their way up until we get what we want from them. Maybe the tv show 24 can run a special on this and then we will simply say, we knew they were overthrowing the Constitution, and we had no choice.
thong-girl
If there was to be a prosecution, who could begin it? According to Vincent Bugliosi, every DA in the country could initiate prosecutions. Regarding Yoo, could the DA of Santa Clara County, or Washington, DC or a US Attorney somewhere start the ball rolling? Aren't most US Attorney's tainted by association with Bush and DOJ? Is DOJ a "corrupt organization" in the context of RICO? Can officials who do nothing be prosecuted by someone? Maybe a Spanish judge will do the job no American dares touch! UCMJ calls for courts martial for military people who have knowledge of a crime and fail to act on that knowledge. Civilian law appears to be more flexible about ignoring inconvenient crimes.
In time, some DA somewhere will grab headlines by convening a grand jury to prosecute the war criminals. Honest patriotic Americans across will say "its about time". Opportunists will try to get on the band wagon and deny that they were protecting the criminals.
You're right about US Attorneys. I think they took advantage of the situation to advance their own self interests. Take for example Rod Rosenstein in Baltimore. The head of the State Police in Maryland spied on anti-war and death penalty opponents, and placed them in the Federal suspected terrorist database with the help of the US Attorney. His office also assisted the State's Attorney (Frank Weathersbee) in Annapolis with the prosecution of the white teenager who jumped on a black teenager's (Noah Jamahl Jones) head when he was on his knees begging to stop. He died several hours later, and the white walked away free because it couldn't be proven that Jamahl died from having his head stomped on, or hitting his head on the curb. Then when the State's Attorney's re-election was doubtful in 2006 over the Jones case and a case of a white being killed by a black, Rosenstein intervened and prosecuted the black teenager based upon a coerced confession.
Despite the intentions of the Obama administration, this issue simply refuses to "go away," nor should it. What was done by these lawyers at the behest of their fascist bosses can not simply go unpunished, as it would set a truly bad precedent for the next administration that wishes to get Nixon-like on the US Constitution.
It won't happen--and not because of the pathetic call for "moving on" given by Obama, the supreme apologist for the Bush administration. It won't happen because too many Democrats will fall into the net--they knew about and sanctioned, implicitly or explicitly, whatever Bush ordered. There will be no peace or justice in this country until the people stop viewing the Democrats as the "good guys." They are as complicit in war crimes, corporate crimes, foreign policy crimes, and corruption as any Republican. If the people truly see the Democrats as representing them, then Americans are a degenerate people. Let's face it--if Americans truly wanted change, they would have voted for Kucinich. Anything else is just denial.
The other big reason it won't happen is because OBAMA HAS RESERVED THE RIGHT TO TORTURE. If you look at the XO's he signed regarding torture, there are loophole and exceptions. Why? Because OBAMA WANTS TO BE ABLE TO TORTURE should HE DECIDE TO. If Obama prosecutes Bush and Co, as well as those in Congress who knew but did nothing, then he won't be able to use these same methods himself, which he has RESERVERD THE RIGHT TO USE.
'Meet the new boss. Same as the old boss.' - Pete Townsend
Torture is truly a "line in the sand" issue. In a direct and calculated affront to justice, and the security of all posterity, Obama is choosing not to prosecute our Washington war criminals, but is allowing them to regroup - so they can strike another day.
We must not allow promises of jobs or health care to bribe our complicity in this matter. WE MUST NOT ALLOW OURSELVES TO BECOME THE EQUIVALENT OF HITLER'S "GOOD GERMANS."
This is a matter of law and US obligations to its international treaties, which the Constitution explicitly states the US will respect and enforce.
The constitution of this nation is now largely an irrelevant piece of paper. Like George Wanker Bush's attitude toward the Geneva Conventions, it is "quaint". Who cares about the law when there is so much money to be made and so many inferior human beings to be killed?
My modest proposal is this:
Those who don't believe torture is wrong should be subjected to it.
Waterboarding that fatass Dick Cheney would be a fine place to start.
I agree with Jeremy as I usually do; he is offering what ought to be done. However in practice we see that existing law is often not enforced. It seems anti-trust laws have been ignored, arms export laws have been ignored, entire chunks of the Constitution have been ignored or altered, and so on...
All of those involved ought to be prosecuted according to the law, however the USA has a rather poor record of holding members of the Elite to account. The classic example that I like to cite is Dr. "Strangelove" Kissinger. The man has not only been shielded from prosecution, he is lauded as a super-genius and revered by many, including some so-called Democrats. He remains a free man with a lot of power and wealth.
I am afraid similar fates are awaiting the latest batch of criminals, however if I am proven wrong I will be very happy.
As an example to anyone who wants to try and usurp the constitution, treaties, rule of law, bring calamity down on innocents in any way...we should uncover, make known and DO SOMETHING, so(hopefully) the thought will not be entertained again...what kind of messages are we sending to the kids? We were all brought to paradise here to love, laugh, grow in knowledge and wonder and praise whatever force got us here in the first place, not destroy, frighten, intimidate and hate and rationalize it...I want to look into a child's eyes and truly say "You are welcome here as long as you behave and if you don't there will be consequences"...same with everyone...with negative consequences for evil behavior, there is assurity of some guide lines for justice and faith in the future...othewise, chaos...
Justice attorneys rendered an "opinion"--determined the interrogation methods to be utilized to be legal--end of story
[Hitler's] lawyers were indicted and charged with crimes against humanity and war crimes arising out of the issuance and implementation of the Nacht- und Nebelerlass. The United States charged that as lawyers, "not farmers or factory workers," they must have recognized that their technical justifications for avoiding the application of the Hague and Geneva Conventions were unavailing, because these conventions were "recognized by all civilized nations, and were regarded as being declaratory of the laws and customs of war." That is to say, they were customary international law.
After trial, the two principal [German] Justice Department lawyers, one a deputy chief of the criminal division, were convicted and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, less time served. This judgment clearly established the concept of liability of the authors of bureaucratic policies that breach basic rules of the Hague and Geneva Conventions for the consequences that predictably flow therefrom. Moreover, it establishes a particularly perilous standard of liability for government attorneys who adopt a dismissive attitude towards international humanitarian law.
Also--the treaty may have been signed--not ratified--US not bound--three (3) instances of waterboarding--would Mrs Pearl or Mr/Mrs Berg have preferred that rather than what their loved ones were subjected to? its a nasty world--treat thugs accordingly
What in the US' historical record would lend itself to the presumption that any treaty would be honored by us if it did not appear to be in "our" (the top one half on one percent, that is) own best self interest to do so?
It is quite clear that the country was settled and continues to be directed by people who wrote laws, treaties and set legal precedents only meant to be adhered to by someone else, and ignored if they appeared to get in the way of "manifest destiny". (There's that pesky and primitive, tribal, fascist tendency of the ruling capitalized elite that no high-faluting declaration of independence or Magna Carta seems to have been able to squelch!. Darn!)
Any progress away from the presumption that laws and treaties are only meant to be applied to the other guy has only been made through mass action and real civil disobedience, and people writing, like Mr.Scahill, with an eloquent, elegant and inarguable, stance of common sense and truth.
And time. Usually more than there is to spare... and long, long after the damage is done and any chance of recompense or authentic conciliation is squandered and too belated to mean much of anything.
Not very optimistic... though there is movement forward, just never in anything that could be called a timely fashion.
Scahill is right on the money. One of the problems is the MSM has convinced much of the electorate that these cowardly sadists who commit torture and who use their positions to have torture committed are really acting for purely patriotic reasons. They need to be exposed for the anti-American sadistic cowards they are.
Anyone who can inflict or cause others to inflict serious physical and/or mental harm on an unarmed, defenseless human being is a coward and a sadist -- whether s/he drapes himself in the flag or in Allah's will. These are not US patriots or representatives of Islam who commit and/or authorize torture. They're simply cowardly sadists.
They deserve no respect and should be scorned as the dregs and cowards they are. Why should I respect anyone who is such a coward that s/he would physically and/or mentally harm an unarmed, defenseless human being or use his or her position to authorize such treatment of defenseless, unarmed human beings?
Additionally, if Holder does not prosecute he is aiding and abetting war crimes and violating US criminal law and should also be tried for criminal behavior. Obama is in effect giving de facto pardons to the most despicable, anti-American terrorists that exist in the United States by using his position to avoid prosecuting the cowardly, sadistic traitors who authorized and conducted torture during the Bush years.
The prosecution must begin by "WE The PEOPLE", if the elected officials will not act, arrest them, yes include the President. If they resist treat them as you would other criminals that resist, shoot them. If any military get in the way of the pursuit of justice, shoot them also. But get up off your knees and check out the law, stop looking for leadership from cowards like Obama. Get out and do it! YES WE CAN!!!!
This is not a constructive comment.
Excuse me, but did all of you suddenly forget history? Like, WWII, for instance? Just what kind of penalty did Hiro Hito suffer? What about Curtis LeMay, who bragged that he would have been tried as a 'war criminal' if the US had lost the war, instead of winning (by using the latest new terror-weapon - saturation fire-bombing just wasn't affecting the millions of civilians that died in all those cities the US incinerated.) Let's get off this 'everybody must adhere to the rule of law and suffer the consequences of their actions' - that NEVER happened, and never will. Get real. Get a life.
Perhaps you should actually read some of the comments before assuming we don't know anything or don't "have a life". Otherwise, you just might appear shallow and unnecessarily abrasive. It seems you are on the same side as most here. Or are you being sarcastic as your "army-brat" pen name might suggest?
Those who post on commondreams are a small - very small - minority. Most of us are on the same page, but errors do occur. I DO read all the comments - and what I saw missing (at the time I read them) was any consideration of the hoax perpetrated by the Nuremberg Tribunal. It was a 'Show Trial' put on by the victors - none of the Allies were tried for THEIR war-crimes. That's all I was trying to point out, in face of the sunny history being proclaimed by so many, including the author.
I certainly didn't mean that YOU don't have a valid life! Why are you so touchy? As for why I'm so abrasive - well, first of all, I'm a conservative (not a fascist) and we often appear abrasive, arrogant, and pushy to liberals. Sorry - all I'm asking is for a little tolerance of my attitude, and consideration of the points I'm trying to make. Getting on the nationalist gravy-train rubs me raw - I saw where that led in bombed-out Europe, as a child. And I don't accuse you of not knowing 'anything' - but many who post here are certainly not aware of what really happened during and after WWII. Like Smedley Butler, my family is well aware of all the hypocrisy of American propaganda - their military careers made them ashamed to be soldiers, and that isn't right. Defending one's country is an honorable profession - as long as the rules apply to everyone, and justice prevails. My father felt very betrayed by the US government (and military) because of their hypocrisy and biased propaganda. He wasn't a 90-day-wonder - he was career military, but like many others in my family, finally quit from constant disillusion. We still love the military - we just hate what SOME military (and civilian) leaders have done to stain the honor of serving - all over the world, in all countries.
I'm not sure where your great disagreement is with most of the rest of those who post here. Are you sure you are a conservative? Why do you feel compelled to stick to that compatmentalization of your politics when you divert from the conservative "line" so much.... or do you hold other beliefs in the realm of so-called "morality" that keeps yuo esconced in the right wing? Just curious.
Like, WWII, for instance?
WWII was not a corporate scam.
Really? Are you sure about that? All war is a corporate scam, in the end.
Armybrat, your post really grabbed my attention, because to me the mass killings of innocent non-combatants in WWII, or even later, greatly outweighs the scope and degree of wrongdoing related to the "war on terror." Yet we can't excuse people, or not hold them accountable, because of historical precedent. Jeremy Scahill has made a commendable start by talking about the nuts and bolts of how to hold people accountable.
I propose a few answers to your comment. First, prosecution of U.S. officials like Bybee, Yoo, Bradbury, and even Bush and Cheney, would probably result in very modest punishments. Precisely because of the historical analogues, the public wouldn't tolerate anything more. In fact, the report recommending that state bars act against the lawyers is symptomatic of this reality. Some of these people, if prosecuted, would be lionized as heroes by the likes of Limbaugh and Cheney. But those aren't reasons not to proceed.
Second, we need to concentrate on preventing torture by making sure that no one can escape accountability in the future. The present legal system is, I fear, inadequate to that task. We must not let preoccupation with what happened since 9/11 distract us from that larger objective.
Third, we must recognize that 9/11 changed a lot, including our thinking about torture. I've spoken about this numerous times and been severely criticized for it. But I still say, being realistic requires that a "ticking bomb" exception be carefully laid out in law, and enforced, to enable public acceptance of prosecutions now and a tightening of the rules to be applied later. Many contributors to this forum may not be fully aware of the insistent, loud drumbeat of conservatives who think all human rights have been forfeited by anyone who's suspected of terrorism against the U.S., or who even endorses it in theory. That's a reality those of us who want the rule of law to prevail must deal with. To deny that methods deemed to be torture might be called for in very limited and controlled situations gives the conservatives ammunition they don't deserve. By the way, the proposals of Bybee, Yoo, et al. had nothing to do with laying out a rational and enforceable ticking bomb exception.
Torture is NOT about information - it is about absolute control, and absolute corruption. Zimbardo's experiment (and others) gives us insight into why people do the horrific things they do - and it's not what we've been told is 'true' - people are no different, no matter where you go. My mother pounded that into my head - and she lived under Nazi occupation.
The best real life example I can come up with for my "ticking bomb" contention is a 2002 case in Germany in which police threatened to inflict torture on a suspected child kidnapper unless he revealed the location of the child (http://books.google.com/books?id=RSvAKgxEhuwC&pg=PA230&lpg=PA230&dq=germ...). The child might have been saved with information actually obtained by this threat, but the police found him too late. A police official, who was mildly reprimanded for ordering the harsh tactic, declared that it would have been immoral not to threaten the prisoner. If that doesn't convince you, what if it had been a school bus full of children (that actually happened years ago in this country)?
Any exception to the prohibition against torture must be internationally recognized, especially by Muslim dominated countries. For us to unilaterally enact such a thing, in the manner of Bush, would cost us dearly in the propaganda war. Until we have an internationally recognized exception, we should strictly enforce laws against torture while relying on the moral judgment of people who, like the German police official, are willing to risk prosecution in the interest of saving lives.
Ah yes, the tired old "oh noes, won't someone please please think of the children" whom torture is saving.
But let's look at your example. The police threatened to inflict torture. The child was NOT saved, as you yourself concede. And you contend that the child MIGHT have been saved. Then again in reality, the child was NOT saved. NOT.
And claiming that something actually happened years ago in this country is utterly meaningless. If it happened, surely you can provide precise details?
You're exactly right. The issue is not "will torture work"? Sometimes it will and sometimes it won't. No guarantees either way. The issue is that torture is a barbaric, cowardly activity not worthy of use -- something equivalent to sacrificing people into volcanos to stop the volcano. Part of the responsibilities of becoming civilized is recognizing that we must ALWAYS refrain from certain kinds of activity. Torture is one of those kinds of activities.
Only sadistic cowards could possibly inflict physical and/or mental harm and grievous pain on defenseless, unarmed humans. So it's clear that those who torture or who use their positions to have torture committed are attracted to sadistic cowardice. Sure, they'll drape themselves in the flag or in their religion to justify their cowardly sadism. What do you expect them to do, say "I'm a cowardly sadist"? But bottom line, only cowardly sadists feel the need and look for the justifications to torture.
If torturers and those who unleash them are looked at in that manner -- as the sadistic, cowardly,low-life barbarians they are and not as patriots, they become much easier to prosecute and jail. And the same goes for those who justify the sadists and cowards. If Holder and Obama justify the torture by developing mechanisms to bar prosecution, they are also sadists and cowards and should be prosecuted for aiding and abetting criminal torture. It's not for political calculation.
So the police supervisor was engaged in immoral conduct when he ordered that the suspect be threatened with "torture"? What if the child had been found alive – is that what makes the difference between moral and immoral?
One of the problems in this discussion is that "torture" is used to describe what could be morally justified conduct. I can't get that excited about such alleged immorality as what the police supervisor in Germany did because, although torture is morally repulsive to me, what he did, or would have done if there had actually been pain inflicted on the prisoner, pales in significance when compared to, say, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, or Dresden, or the slaughter of fleeing Iraqi troops after Bush I's war against Iraq. If what the police official authorized was done to protect human life, not for sadistic pleasure, how is that so different from shooting the kidnapper while he had the child to prevent him from killing the child?
The incident was in Chowchilla, California, in 1976. The Net has plenty about this; see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chowchilla,_California. The people dug themselves out of a buried moving van.
9/11 changed nothing. All it demonstrated was that many people, like you, buy willingly into the fear and despair that those who want to abrogate all concept of human rights peddle. The "ticking time bomb" scenario existed long before 9/11, and has been rejected long before 9/11.
The conservatives who want to abrogate all concept of human rights welcome people like you. It is people like you, people who want "rule of law", who are willing to compromise on human rights who allow the tenor of the discussion on human rights to be shifted ever more to the (far) right.
Here's a hint for you, "rule of law" != human rights. Laws that allow torture, that allow all manner of erosions of civil and human rights, are "rule of law".
Need to respond to anyone who knows who Smedley Butler was : - ). This discussion has been entirely civil and thought provoking, and glad someone sent this site to me on Digg. To me, the discussions here seem based upon deep rooted ethical and moral convictions and tempered by pragmatism.
I do agree that the Nuremberg Trials were a show trial. It may well have been a “Corporate Scam”. It may also have been the means to cleanse the soul, so to speak, for letting it happen. Sort of like what happened after the Oklahoma City Bombing.
One aspect of military leadership relevant to keeping the door open on torture. One leadership trait is courage. There is physical courage, and moral courage. Smedly Butler exhibited these qualities with his two Congressional Medals of Honor, and his subsequent campaign against the military/industrial complex.
Keeping the door open on torture reinforces inappropriate behavior. If someone is incompetent, negligent, or even psychologically off balance their recourse is torture to cover their deficiencies. If the government’s intelligence collecting apparatus is so willfully inadequate; then torture may well be the only available avenue in times of “National Crisis”.
On the other hand, the argument for keeping the door open seems to be fighting evil with evil. For example, the German Police Officer resorting to torture of a suspect in a child abduction case. The results are immaterial (child found/not found). What is important is he analized the situation, made a decision, and was willing to accept the consequences of that decision. Moral Courage.
I suppose this has more to do with the homo sapiens need to feel secure. Having a rule (law) that can be followed provides some sense of well being. What comes into play are the insistent number of situations that are not black and white. It also reinforces attitudes about accountability and responsibility. If it’s not a law, I’m not responsible; and if it is a law, I’m not accountable.
To move the moral and ethical context of US Society back to center ground, high US Officials should be investigated; and if appropriate, prosecuted. The investigation and prosecution of guards only reinforces perceptions of special classes and groups, and of a government out of control to the detriment of its citizens.
Speaking as a practicing lawyer of 35 years experience, the three lawyers who wrote those memos should go to jail. In the aftermath of WWII we prosecuted Americans as well as Nazis and Japanese for just such offences. The "I was just following orders" gambit has never been a legitimate excuse.
Remember, the torture they condoned and recommended was against long standing statutes as well as the Constitution and international treaties by which we are bound. Consequently, they aided and abetted a criminal conspiracy and not prosecuting them makes all of us indirect accomplices. Worse yet, it sets a new and horrifying precedent for future presidents who might want to dabble in torture. Next time, it might be a more competent president and it might be us that are the victims.
If nothing else, the lawyers in question violated their express oath to uphold and defend the Constitution. They certainly violated legal ethics with their frivolous arguments and theories. If they did not know they were specious arguments, then they were so grossly incompetent that their law schools should withdraw their diplomas in addition to having them disbarred.
Signed: Lawlessone [for more irreverence, see resistence-is-possible.blogspot.com]
The problem with bringing any of the current crop of cruel, sadistic, greedy thieves to justice is a grave one.
The last time I was called to jury duty I asked to be excused after recounting a previous trial that was run as a game by the attorneys. In that case, the miscreant was a thug that had committed half the crimes in town. Every time the prosecuting attorney started to produce some evidence, we were excused. When we came back, they were on another subject. In the end, we acquitted the guy. I was asked later why we had. I told him, "Why didn't you present a case?" He told me that for even the slightest evidence to be admitted, they had to give away still more.
My understanding of the American system of jurisprudence is that the truth is to be laid out before a jury of the defendant's peers so they may determine innocence or guilt. In actuality, it is a game between the attorneys, sometimes with the collusion of the judge, to see how much evidence can be hidden or obfuscated so the jury has no idea as to what really happened. They then get to select the attorney with the most charisma and give it to him/her.
Later, you will probably find the attorneys at the local bar, laughing and congratulating each other on their clever tricks. It means nothing to them. It is a game.
When I had related the story, one of the attorneys pointed to the bunch of them and said, "Don't you believe we are honest?"
I told her, "I'm in my 70's. I met an honest attorney once (He's retired now, if still alive). As there are several billion people on the planet, I'm sure there may be another one, but I don't experct to be fortunate enough to meet him in my lifetime."
The funny thing was, everybody in the jury box and most of the people in the court applauded! I was excused.
Do I expect a trial and conviction of the thieves and sadists in our government, past and present?
You figure it out.
The defense rests.
For all the hem and hawing of the right, and the DOJ report that let the lawyers skip off. Just use the Huffington Rule. What would the Right do if it was Clinton?
Would they just say. "let 'em off, after all there haven't been any more 911s".
Or would it be, "rule of law, no man is above the law"?
What is needed is a Special Prosecutor, and a an independent investigation.
If Bush and Cheney, used the harsh interrogation's to try to get False information, i.e. al-Queada links to Iraq, then the Criminality would stand on its own.
That was the reason they used a reverse engineering of SERE, which was based on Communist Torture. They didn't want true information, just the spin that would back the war.
For their own guys they could just fire the ones that didn't go along, for the detainees, they weren't let go even if they told them what they wanted to hear.
Just find the truth and put away those that broke to law.
"Anyone who can inflict or cause others to inflict serious physical and/or mental harm on an unarmed, defenseless human being is a coward and a sadist"
I could agree with this attitude on an emotional level - the truth is that torture - any form of degradation - is an outrage, most of the time - especially when it is happening TO 'us' - and perpetrated by 'them' ...
The ugly reality is that there is little difference between 'them' and 'us' - it is a lie we tell ourselves, that we are morally superior to 'them' - but history, experience, and research has shown that many people can easily bring themselves to not only commit atrocties, but to also justify them. These are NOT bad people - but their behavior is atrocious. We have to learn to separate the act from the person, and stop judging people by their behavior.
These lawyers - and their bosses - commited these heinous crimes simply because they could - with absolute impunity. That is how the Germans came to such a point that 'crimes against humanity' - and the Imperial Japanese as well. It is how and why the US has perpetrated heinous crimes for all of my life - usually with impunity. We create bullies in society when we don't stand up for the rights of the most vulnerable. (Nazis experimented with mass-murder models using the disabled - usually the mentally ill, since they were the most vulnerable.) Too many Americans blame the unfortunate for their dire circumstances, even though it is our failed society that has created the problem. That is why we have so many people in prison - most for political crimes, and many innocent people are intimidated into plea bargains, as well.
This has still not reached the limits of barbarism of which humans are fully capable - I thought we'd reached that limit in Southeast Asia, but nobody was held responsible for those heinous crimes either. I don't know that a society that has so completely abandoned morality can ever bring themselves back from the brink - injustice seems to be SOP in the US, just as it was in Nazi Germany (my closest experience with sadism). But we must realize that most of us are capable of justifying such horrors, or we will NEVER reform. The lies and propaganda we tolerate has turned our society into an asylum - madness prevails. Kissinger is free - and highly paid, I'm told - even admired. Americans just don't 'get it' - if you let the little lies slip by, the lies become bigger and bigger - until they're monstrous, and atrocity becomes the new norm. Zimbardo's experiment explained how this happens - even HE had to be told to STOP the 'experiment' - that's profoundly enlightening, in itself.
If this could happen with subjects chosen at random (to be jailors or inmates), imagine how propaganda affects 'normal' people - even lawyers - under highly-charged emotional conditions. We all must challenge 'authority' - and support everyone else who does. People will be threatened, beaten, imprisoned, and tortured - intimidated by others. If we don't draw a line and stick together against 'authority' we will all be consumed by the insanity that lurks in all of humanity. Milgram's experiments are informative on this aspect - it's hard to challenge 'authority' face-to-face, so imagine if that 'authority' is also very powerful, and probably well-armed (and protected by thugs). Lord Acton's observation is imperative - we really are living under tyranny and corruption now, and the road back (if that is even possible, at this stage) will be difficult. There is no global military machine strong enough to knock some sense into the US - that kind of impunity is very insidious. We are all infected to some degree - the propaganda is so pervasive and persistent that even the strongest people are tainted by it.
However good an idea this idea of trying the lawyers might be, the circumstances are clearly different than at Nuremberg, where the VICTORS forced the trial of the LOSERS. (And arbitrarily chose who would face trial - and who would be excused, for whatever reason (many of them objectionable). 'We' are NOT the powerful here - and we know it. There is no such thing as 'justice' without equality - or this situation would never have arose in the first place.
I tried to imply this before, but apparently it went right over most people's heads - sorry about that. So how do the weak and vulnerable confront a corrupt government? Through THEIR corrupt courts? THEIR 'justice' system? Is that even realistic? Maybe millions of people in the streets - but that didn't happen in Nazi Germany either (the millions in the streets SUPPORTED the government!)
I knew that sweeping Vietnam under the rug would come back to haunt us - it wasn't 'Morning in America' - it was the beginning of the end. And I knew that heinous atrocities would come out of the Afghanistan and Iraq invasions - and that millions of 'innocent' soldiers would be party to heinous war-crimes that would haunt many for the rest of their lives. They are brainwashed, after all - what do you expect? Most Americans are brainwashed - so how do we deprogram ourselves? Blaming these lawyers will not cure what ails our society - so what is the point? Maybe, if a few presidents had been impeached, the situation might look brighter - but that wasn't done. We lost the battle a long time ago - we lost our freedom, our rights, and any hope of justice (let alone morality), bit by bit, as we allowed injustice to flourish. Blaming a few lawyers will not absolve us of our collective guilt. Only by exposing our previous errors and atrocities - and apologizing for our transgressions - will we ever redeem ourselves. And I don't see even the first step being taken towards that.
Sioux Rose
ARMY BRAT: A well thought-out piece that raises many important and relevant points. I only differ with you essentially on two criteria: 1. That we are not all equivalent in our potential actions, nor is the baby born with so blank a slate as you seem to imagne. The birth blueprint (acting akin to the acorn in how it defines the path of the future mature tree) suggests much in the way of character and destiny. Nor is it an arbitrary designation. 2. Also you utterly leave out the religious aspects drawn from patriarchal beliefs that actually teach violence and breed a variety of ism divisions.
I honor what you've learned from war and that you wish to protect society's "untouchables" or weakest links. Oddly enough that seems the antithesis of what I would expect from one self-identified as a conservative. Your critique of war also doesn't seem to conform too readily to so-called conservative postures today.
"johnco May 7th, 2009 9:01 pm
For all the hem and hawing of the right, and the DOJ report that let the lawyers skip off. Just use the Huffington Rule. What would the Right do if it was Clinton?
Would they just say. "let 'em off, after all there haven't been any more 911s".
Or would it be, "rule of law, no man is above the law"?"
ACTUALLY, the torture, extraordinary renditioning for purposes of torture and/or murder, began under the President Clinton administration, around 1996, the administration and CIA having renditioned detainees to Egypt and several or more other countries where it was known that brutal torture and death were regularly and freely applied. This is according to the following article by Sherwood Ross, who I believe to be a respectable writer, not a liar, etcetera. And to find the paragraph in which he writes of this people can simply load the page and search for 'clinton' (minus the quotes).
"Numerous Bush Administration officials committed crimes involving the torture of prisoners captured in the Middle East",
by Sherwood Ross, July 10, 2008
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=9558
Wikipedia says the following:
QUOTE:
Historical instances
While the US has used legal rendition increasingly since the 1980s as a method for dealing with foreign defendants[citation needed], extraordinary rendition is a wholly extra-legal process that differs in its nature and usage as a tool in the US-led "war on terror".[10] Modern methods of rendition include a form where suspects are taken into US custody but delivered to a third-party state, often without ever being on US soil, and without involving the rendering country's judiciary; they have been termed "extraordinary rendition".[citation needed] The CIA was granted permission to use rendition in a presidential directive signed by US President Bill Clinton in 1995.[11]
...
20th Century
...
The American Civil Liberties Union alleges that extraordinary rendition was developed during the Clinton administration by CIA officials in the mid-1990s who were trying to track down and dismantle militant Islamic organizations in the Middle East, particularly Al Qaeda [19].
According to Clinton administration official Richard Clarke:
"'extraordinary renditions', were operations to apprehend terrorists abroad, usually without the knowledge of and almost always without public acknowledgment of the host government…. The first time I proposed a snatch, in 1993, the White House Counsel, Lloyd Cutler, demanded a meeting with the President to explain how it violated international law. Clinton had seemed to be siding with Cutler until Al Gore belatedly joined the meeting, having just flown overnight from South Africa. Clinton recapped the arguments on both sides for Gore: "Lloyd says this. Dick says that. Gore laughed and said, 'That's a no-brainer. Of course it's a violation of international law, that's why it's a covert action. The guy is a terrorist. Go grab his ass.'" [20]"
Both the Reagan and Clinton cases involved apprehending known terrorists abroad, by covert means if necessary. The policy later expanded.
In a New Yorker interview with CIA veteran Michael Scheuer, an author of the rendition program under the Clinton administration, writer Jane Mayer noted, "In 1995, American agents proposed the rendition program to Egypt, making clear that it had the resources to track, capture, and transport terrorist suspects globally — including access to a small fleet of aircraft. Egypt embraced the idea... 'What was clever was that some of the senior people in Al Qaeda were Egyptian,' Scheuer said. 'It served American purposes to get these people arrested, and Egyptian purposes to get these people back, where they could be interrogated.' Technically, U.S. law requires the CIA to seek 'assurances' from foreign governments that rendered suspects won’t be tortured. Scheuer told me that this was done, but he was 'not sure' if any documents confirming the arrangement were signed."[21] However, Scheuer testified before Congress that no such assurances were received.[22] He further acknowledged that treatment of prisoners may not have been "up to U.S. standards." However, he stated,
"This is a matter of no concern as the Rendition Program’s goal was to protect America, and the rendered fighters delivered to Middle Eastern governments are now either dead or in places from which they cannot harm America. Mission accomplished, as the saying goes."[23]
Thereafter, with the approval of President Clinton and a presidential directive (PDD 39), the CIA instead elected to send suspects to Egypt, where they were turned over to the Egyptian Mukhabarat.
21 Century
...
END QUOTE
So, johnco, do you think you want to re-think your question, now? Your question of, "What would the Right do if it was Clinton?", to be specific. Given that the Right evidently did nothing against or about President Clinton's administration during his two terms in office, your question doesn't seem to fit with what I believe you intended by or in posting it.
And I agree with Jeremy Scahill, that it's important to prosecute [all] of the guilty parties, and this includes Bush Jr, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Rice, Powell, ..., as well as Bill Clinton, Al Gore, and so on. Plus, though perhaps I'm mistaken about this, if only the Bush Jr-Cheney administration-related jerks are prosecuted, or also everyone who's guilty in that administration, the Repub. Party could rightfully say that the Clinton administration would need to be prosecuted, else they could contest based on hypocritical, hegemonic, ... law rulings, say.
Of course the guilty members of the CIA should also be included in the prosecution targets.
Like Jeremy Scahill says, "[all]" of the guilty!
Again, I agree with Jeremy Scahill, but with some questions and perhaps an additional point or two, one already pointed out in my prior, first post in this CD page.
He says, among other things, "The US is legally bound to this convention and I would argue that the attempted legalizing and authorizing of torture, such as was done by Bybee, Yoo and Bradbury is exactly what this treaty addresses and bans".
I agree that it's "exactly what this treaty addresses and bans", but not solely. That is, I instead believe a more thorough statement would be that it's "exactly, while not solely, what this treaty addresses and bans", and Jeremy Scahill supports this by saying that [all] guilty parties, which infers the Bush-Cheney admin. members who are guilty; as well as the Dems he says supported these crimes in 2002, and the guilty members of the President Clinton administration and CIA.
BUT I WONDER about another point. If all of these people should be prosecuted for this crime they are all complicit in and directed, for those guilty of directing these crimes, that is, then what about the soldiers at Abu Ghraib prison in Iraq who committed torture? And what about the fact that these GWoT wars always were, are, remain wholly unjustifiable, criminal aggressions, and every U.S. soldier who partook and is partaking today in these wars, and war occupations, are guilty of following these criminal orders, which are for conducting [supreme] international criminality? Without these criminal wars, the Bush-Cheney admin. wouldn't have been committing these crimes of torture and extraordinary renditioning, or nowhwere as much as they did anyway.
I'm not reading people about the need to prosecute on the basis of these wars being totally criminal to begin with and throughout, having caused the deaths and killed well over a million people, so far, and that number is going to keep climbing ... for a long time, still.
So I'd instead suggest prosecuting these guilty people for these supreme international crimes of aggression, and add the crimes of torture and extraordinary renditioning for completion of the prosecutions.
To prosecute only based on the latter two crimes and not the [supreme] international crimes of wars of aggression, total aggression based on extremely criminal LIES, etcetera, is certainly NOT right. People seem more sensitive to the crimes of torture and E.R. than they are to the supreme crimes in all of this. The torture and E.R. are extremely criminal, but they're not the most supreme crimes in all of these crimes.
And the Obama administration [is] guilty for continuing the supreme crimes in all of this. Another related supreme crime this administration is guilty of continuing is the wholly criminal act-of-war coup d'etat against the Haitian government and its population, too!
I'm all for prosecutions of all of the guilty people on [all] of these crimes and other related crimes; [all]! There is [no] acceptable excusing for or of any of these extreme crimes.
We could also prosecute all members of Congress who criminally agreed to authorise recourse to totally unacceptable and unjustifiable war on Iraq in October 2002, too. They [all] deserve to be prosecuted at least as much as Yoo, Bybee, and so on, who could not really authorise torture, etcetera, given the laws against this already existed and apparently not only in international laws or conventions, but also U.S. law. Due to that, everything they wrote to try to make torture and E.R. legally acceptable was worthless, bunk, bs, .... They are guilty of having done this, and it is criminal, what they did; they criminally and knowingly (had to know!) acted against U.S. and international laws or conventions, both. But they did not really authorise the torture and E.R., because they were legally unauthorisable, already, and permanently; I believe.
After all, those Congress members, MANY they are too, are even more guilty than the following paragraph by Jeremy Scahill refers to.
"Then there is the precedent established at Nuremberg in the United States v. Altstoetter, which, according to constitutional and military law expert Scott Horton found "that lawyers who dispense bad advice about law of armed conflict, and whose advice predictably leads to the death or mistreatment of prisoners, are war criminals, chargeable with potentially capital offenses.""
People need to wake up. The Bush-Cheney administration did not start torture and extraordinary renditioning ... for torture and killing unnecessarily. The Bill Clinton-Al Gore administration apparently began these practices, as considerably explained in I believe my first post on this article by Jeremy Scahill.
It's never wrong to stop disinformation when this is what we are doing.
==============================
minitrue May 7th, 2009 8:40 pm,
I UNDERSTAND what you describe about attorneys, but believe there are a few more honest ones than the possibly one you allow for existing.
ALSO, I am not sure, but believe a jury would not be required regarding these crimes of torture, extraordinary renditioning to countries where governments are known to conduct torture and unnecessary as well as brutal killings, plus the too often neglected topic of GWoT wars of aggression. Enough facts are known to be able to prosecute the people guilty of these crimes without a need for juries, I've read some people say and believe.
==============================
"lawlessone May 7th, 2009 8:24 pm
Speaking as a practicing lawyer of 35 years experience, the three lawyers who wrote those memos should go to jail. In the aftermath of WWII we prosecuted Americans as well as Nazis and Japanese for just such offences. The "I was just following orders" gambit has never been a legitimate excuse."
PEOPLE have been doing that for years regarding soldiers following orders that really could never be justified from the start and which were for committing the supreme international crimes of wars of aggression. The soldiers, most anyway, aren't lawyers, but are supposed to be taught laws related to war, including that criminal orders from superiors must be rejected.
But I agree that the soldiers didn't issue the orders, evidently most were ignorant of laws of war or related to war, or else neglected to carefully consider them, while naively and negligently believing the orders received were legitimate. So I can accept them not being prosecuted; while certainly wanting them to learn to [think] about orders before carrying them out, and to start dissenting in greater numbers today.
Lawyers aren't analogous to soldiers, being scholared for years in law, and Yoo, Bybee, etcetera, knew very well that what they were writing or writing and saying could not be legally defendable, given they acted against known, established laws.
They can't be excused for these crimes they committed, but prosecuting them and not the many other guilty officials would be a major whitewash, a sick joke. So I could not support only prosecuting Yoo, Bybee, etcetera.
"armybrat May 7th, 2009 7:54 pm
Those who post on commondreams are a small - very small - minority. Most of us are on the same page, but errors do occur. I DO read all the comments - and what I saw missing (at the time I read them) was any consideration of the hoax perpetrated by the Nuremberg Tribunal. It was a 'Show Trial' put on by the victors - none of the Allies were tried for THEIR war-crimes. That's all I was trying to point out, in face of the sunny history being proclaimed by so many, including the author. "
Interesting and evidently valid point, BUT the laws and conventions established or agreed to at Nuremberg are still valid and it's these laws and conventions that are presently pertinent when people write or speak about the need to prosecute the Bush-Cheney gang and the many other parties guilty in all of these GWoT crimes; in addition to the Bill Clinton administration, as explained in my earliest post on this article by Jeremy Scahill.
Jeremy Scahill didn't state a defence for every aspect of the NT, only having referred to the laws and conventions used at the NT and to which the U.S. is a signatory or establisher.
And while all of these many prosecutions will doubtfully ever happen and justice therefore will never be served, truly and seriously, the U.S. soldier's duty, or simply the duty of every citizen, is to defend the Constitution. To do that, it's important to try to achieve these prosecutions, for which not only international laws and conventions need to be used, but also the USA's own related laws.
It will surely never happen, but if The People don't push to try to make this happen, then what people will then be rather doing will be like asking, begging, ... working for an apocalyptic ending violence to erupt or happen. That result might not happen, either, but it'ld be the way people would be acting, nevertheless.
I doubt it'll happen. Someone posted the question of what the Repub. Party would do if it was the Clinton administration that was responsible for the crimes of torture, etc., but as I already commented on this, the Clinton admin. began the torture and extraordinary renditioning ... for torture and/or unnecessary killings and the Repub. Party didn't do anything against the Clinton admin. at that time about this. Prosecuting the Bush-Cheney administration for these crimes could cause Repubs to retorque with the demand that if these prosecutions are conducted, then the Clinton administration's guilty members must also be prosecuted. The Dem. Party wouldn't want to agree to that condition, doubtfully would anyway.
So, again, I doubt the prosecutions that in theory should happen will.
But I don't think it means that people shouldn't try.
All very interesting and good points well made However the point most missed is leadership, actual action and by whom! If any move were made to prosecute the "movers" would be murdered or imprisoned. The ability to move has been hamstrung by denigration and removal of the "CONSTITUTION" it must be restored, then the entire nation will be required to act, if needs be to fight. Because the alternative is a Country surrendering to anarchy, mass murder of people (here) and diminished recognition worldwide and extremely vulnerable to invasion and terrorism carnage of "BIBILICAL" proportions, but not Biblical by any means. Who can lead?