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Killing Civilians: Questions to Ask in the Dead of Night
Almost like clockwork, the reports float up to us from thousands of miles away, as if from another universe. Every couple of days they seem to arrive from Afghan villages that few Americans will ever see without weapon in hand. Every few days, they appear from a world almost beyond our imagining, and always they concern death -- so many lives snuffed out so regularly for more than seven years now. Unfortunately, those news stories are so unimportant in our world that they seldom make it onto, no less off of, the inside pages of our papers. They're so repetitive that, once you've started reading them, you could write them in your sleep from thousands of miles away.
Like obituaries, they follow a simple pattern. Often the news initially arrives buried in summary war reports based on U.S. military (or NATO) announcements of small triumphs -- so many "insurgents," or "terrorists," or "foreign militants," or "anti-Afghan forces" killed in an air strike or a raid on a house or a village. And these days, often remarkably quickly, even in the same piece, come the challenges. Some local official or provincial governor or police chief in the area hit insists that those dead "terrorists" or "militants" were actually so many women, children, old men, innocent civilians, members of a wedding party or a funeral.
In response -- no less part of this formula -- have been the denials issued by American military officials or coalition spokespeople that those killed were anything but insurgents, and the assurances of the accuracy of the intelligence information on which the strike or raid was based. In these years, American spokespeople have generally retreated from their initial claims only step by begrudging step, while doggedly waiting for any hubbub over the killings to die down. If that didn't happen, an "investigation" would be launched (the investigators being, of course, members of the same military that had done the killing) and then prolonged, clearly in hopes that the investigation would outlast coverage of the "incident" and both would be forgotten in a flood of other events.
Forgotten? It's true that we forget these killings easily -- often we don't notice them in the first place -- since they don't seem to impinge on our lives. Perhaps that's one of the benefits of fighting a war on the periphery of empire, halfway across the planet in the backlands of some impoverished country.
One problem, though: the forgetting doesn't work so well in those backlands. When your child, wife or husband, mother or father is killed, you don't forget.
Only this week, our media was filled with ceremonies and remembrances centered around the tenth anniversary of the slaughter at Columbine High School. Twelve kids and a teacher blown away in a mad rampage. Who has forgotten? On the other side of the planet, there are weekly Columbines.
Similarly, every December 7th, we Americans still remember the dead of Pearl Harbor, almost seven decades in the past. We still have ceremonies for, and mourn, the dead of September 11, 2001. We haven't forgotten. We're not likely to forget. Why, when death rains down on our distant battlefields, should they?
Admittedly, there's been a change in the assertion/repeated denial/investigation pattern instituted by American forces. Now, assertion and denial are sometimes followed relatively quickly by acknowledgement, apology, and payment. Now, when the irrefutable meets the unchallengeable, American spokespeople tend to own up to it. Yep, we killed them. Yep, they were women and kids. Nope, they had, as far as we know, nothing to do with terrorism. Yep, it was our fault and we'll pony up for our mistake.
This new tactic is a response to rising Afghan outrage over the repeated killing of civilians in U.S. raids and air strikes. But like the denials and the investigations, this, too, is intended to make everything go away, while our war itself -- those missiles loosed, those doors kicked down in the middle of the night -- just goes on.
Once again, evidently, everyone is supposed to forget (or perhaps simply forgive). It's war, after all. People die. Mistakes are made. As for those dead civilians, New York Times reporter Jane Perlez recently quoted a former Pakistani general on the hundreds of tribespeople killed in the Pakistani borderlands in air strikes by CIA-run drones: they are, he said, "likely hosting Qaeda militants and cannot be deemed entirely innocent."
Exactly. Who in our world is "entirely innocent" anyway?
Apologies Not Accepted
A UN survey tallied up 2,118 civilians killed in Afghanistan in 2008, a significant rise over the previous year's figure, of which 828 were ascribed to American, NATO, and Afghan Army actions rather than to suicide bombers or Taliban guerrillas. (Given the difficulty of counting the dead in wartime, any figures like these are likely to be undercounts.) There are, in other words, constant "incidents" to choose from.
Recently, for instance, there was an attack
by a CIA drone in the Pakistani borderlands that Pakistani sources
claim may have killed up to eight civilians; or there were the six
civilians, including a three-year-old girl and a ten-year-old boy, killed
by an American air strike that leveled three houses in Afghanistan's
Kunar Province. Sixteen more Afghans, including children as young as
one, were wounded in that air attack, based on "multiple intelligence
sources" in which, the U.S. military initially claimed, only "enemy
fighters" died. (As a recent study of the death-dealing weapons of the
Iraq War, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, indicates, air strikes are notoriously good at taking out civilians. Eighty-five percent of the deaths
from air strikes in Iraq were, the study estimated, women and children
and, of all methods, including suicide and car bombs, air power "killed
the most civilians per event.")
But let's consider here just one recent incident that went almost uncovered in the U.S. media. According to an Agence France Presse account, in a raid in the eastern Afghan province of Khost, the U.S. military first reported a small success: four "armed militants" killed.
It took next to no time, however, for those four militants to morph into the family of an Afghan National Army artillery commander named Awal Khan. As it happened, Khan himself was on duty in another province at the time. According to the report, the tally of the slain, some of whom may have gone to the roof of their house to defend themselves against armed men they evidently believed to be robbers or bandits, included: Awal Khan's "schoolteacher wife, a 17-year-old daughter named Nadia, a 15-year-old son, Aimal, and his brother, who worked for a government department. Another daughter was wounded. After the shooting, the pregnant wife of Khan's cousin, who lived next door, went outside her home and was shot five times in the abdomen..."
She survived, but her fetus, "hit by bullets," didn't. Khan's wife worked at a school supported by the international aid organization CARE, which issued a statement strongly condemning the raid and demanding "that international military forces operating in Afghanistan [be] held accountable for their actions and avoid all attacks on innocent civilians in the country."
In accordance with its new policy, the U.S. issued an apology:
"Further inquiries into the Coalition and ANSF operation in Khost earlier today suggest that the people killed and wounded were not enemy combatants as previously reported... Coalition and Afghan forces do not believe that this family was involved with militant activities and that they were defending their home against an unknown threat... 'We deeply regret the tragic loss of life in this precious family. Words alone cannot begin to express our regret and sympathy and we will ensure the surviving family members are properly cared for,' said Brig. Gen. Michael A. Ryan, U.S. Forces-Afghanistan."
A U.S. military spokesman added, "There will undoubtedly be some financial assistance and other types of assistance [to the survivors]."
The grieving husband, father, and brother said, "I want the coalition leaders to expose those behind this and punish them." He added that "the Afghan government should resign if it could not protect its people." (Don't hold your breath on either count.) And Afghan President Hamid Karzai, as he has done many times during past incidents, repeatedly demanded an explanation for the deaths and asked that such raids and air strikes be drastically curtailed.
What Your Safety Is Worth
All of this was little more than a shadow play against which the ongoing war continues to be relentlessly prosecuted. In Afghanistan (and increasingly in Pakistan), civilian deaths are inseparable from this war. Though they may be referred to as "collateral damage," increasingly in all wars, and certainly in counterinsurgency campaigns involving air power, the killing of civilians lies at the heart of the matter, while the killing of soldiers might be thought of as the collateral activity.
Pretending that these "mistakes" will cease or be ameliorated as long as the war is being prosecuted is little short of folly. After all, "mistake" after "mistake" continues to be made. That first Afghan wedding party was obliterated in late December 2001 when an American air strike killed up to 110 Afghan revelers with only two survivors. The fifth one on record was blown away last year. And count on it, there will be a sixth.
By now, we've filled up endless "towers" with dead Afghan civilians. And that's clearly not going to change, apologies or not, especially when U.S. forces are planning to "surge" into the southern and eastern parts of the country later this year, while the CIA's drone war on the Pakistani border expands.
And how exactly do we explain this ever rising pile of civilian dead to ourselves? It's being done, so we've been told, for our safety and security here in the U.S. The previous president regularly claimed that we were fighting over there, whether in Iraq or Afghanistan, to keep Americans safe here; the former vice president has made clear that among the great achievements of the Bush administration was the prevention of a second 9/11; and when, on March 27th, President Obama announced his latest Afghan bailout plan, he, too, played the 9/11 card heavily. As he was reported to have put it recently, "he is not 'naive about how dangerous this world is' and [he] said he wakes up every day and goes to bed every night thinking and worrying 'about how to keep the American people safe.'"
Personally, I always thought that we could have locked our plane doors and gone home long ago. We were never in mortal danger from al-Qaeda in the backlands of Afghanistan, despite the perfervid imagination of the previous administration and the riotous fears of so many Americans. The rag-tag group that attacked us in September 2001 was then capable of committing acts of terror on a spectacular scale (two U.S. embassy buildings in Africa, a destroyer in a Yemeni harbor, and of course those two towers in New York and the Pentagon), but only every couple of years. In other words, al-Qaeda was capable of stunning this country and of killing Americans, but was never a threat to the nation itself.
All this, of course, was compounded by the fact that the Bush administration couldn't have cared less about al-Qaeda at the time. The "Defense Department" imagined its job to be "power projection" abroad, not protecting American shores (or air space), and our 16 intelligence agencies were in chaos.
So those towers came down apocalyptically and it was horrible -- and we couldn't live with it. In response, we invaded a country ("no safe havens for terrorists"), rather than simply going after the group that had acted against us. In the process, the Bush administration went to extreme efforts to fetishize our own safety and security (and while they were at it, in part through the new Department of Homeland Security, they turned "security" into a lucrative endeavor).
Of course, elsewhere people have lived through remarkable paroxysms of violence and terror without the sort of fuss and fear this nation exhibited -- or the money-grubbing and money-making that went with it. If you want to be reminded of just how fetishistic our focus on our own safety was, consider a 2005 news article written for a Florida newspaper, "Weeki Wachee mermaids in terrorists' cross hairs?" It began:
"Who on earth would ever want to harm the Weeki Wachee mermaids? It staggers the imagination. Still, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security has named Weeki Wachee Springs as the potential terror target of Hernando County, according to a theme park official."The Weeki Wachee staff is teaming up with the Hernando County Sheriff's Office to 'harden the target' by keeping the mermaid theater and the rest of the park safe from a potential terror attack, said marketing and promotion manager John Athanason... Terror-prevention plans for Weeki Wachee may include adding surveillance cameras, installing lights in the parking lot and securing areas in the roadside attraction where there may be 'security breaches,' he said. But Athanason is also realistic. He said Walt Disney World is a bigger attraction and is likely to receive more counterterrorism funds."
This was how, in deepest Florida, distant Utah, or on the Texas border, all places about as likely to be hit by an al-Qaeda attack as by a meteor, Americans were obsessing about keeping everything near and dear to them safe and secure. At the same time, of course, the Bush administration was breaking the bank at the Pentagon and in its Global War on Terror, while preparing the way for an America that would be plunged into startling insecurity.
Let's for a moment assume, however, that our safety really was, and remains, at stake in a war halfway across the planet. If so, let me ask you a question: What's your "safety" really worth? Are you truly willing to trade the lives of Awal Khan's family for a blanket guarantee of your safety -- and not just his family, but all those Afghan one-year olds, all those wedding parties that are -- yes, they really are -- going to be blown away in the years to come for you?
If, in 1979 as the Carter presidency was ending and our Afghan wars were beginning, you had told any group of Americans that we would be ever more disastrously involved in Afghanistan for 30 years, that, even then, no end would be in sight, and that we would twice declare victory (in 1989 after the Soviets withdrew, and again in 2001 when the Afghan capital Kabul was taken from the Taliban) only to discover that disaster followed, they undoubtedly would have thought you mad. Afghanistan? Please. You might as well have said Mars.
Now, three decades later, it's possible to see that every step taken from the earliest support for Afghan jihadis in their anti-Soviet war has only made things worse for us, and ever so much worse for the Afghans. Unless somehow we can think our way out of a strategy guaranteed to kill yet more civilians in expanding areas of South Asia, it will only get worse still.
Maybe it's time to suck it up and put less value on the idea of absolute American safety, since in many ways the Bush administration definition of our safety and security, which did not go into retirement with George and Dick, is now in the process of breaking us. Looked at reasonably, even if Dick Cheney and his minions prevented another 9/11 (and there's no evidence he did), in doing so look what he brought down around our ears. What a bad bargain it's been -- and all in the name of our safety, and ours alone.
Ask yourself these questions in the dead of night: Do we really want stories like Awal Khan's to float up out of the villages of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and who knows where else for the next seven years? Or the next 30 for that matter? Does that seem reasonable? Does that seem right? Is your supposed safety worth that?
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28 Comments so far
Show AllExcellent, excellent article. A companion piece to this essay would be Bombing Civilians: a Twentieth-Century History by Yuki Tanaka and Marilyn Young.
I agree, a brilliant article. I only despair that not enough people will read it.
Well, Tom and others, don't despair, our Dear Leader is on the case, as revealed in this morning's dispatch from the consistently Obama-fawning Associated Press.
WASHINGTON – President Barack Obama stood Thursday with Jewish leaders at a solemn Holocaust remembrance in a cavernous Capitol hall, proclaiming: "Never again." Obama
warned against what he called the dangers of silence, saying that every day, somewhere in the world people must resist the urge to turn away from scenes of horror, hate, injustice and intolerance. All people, he said, must "fight the impulse to turn the channel" from distressing TV images of suffering, the sort of inhumanity known not only in the time of Nazi Germany, but more recently in Northern Ireland, Rwanda and Darfur.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090423/ap_on_go_pr_wh/us_obama_holocaust
This from the President who made the boomingly silent response to the Israeli invasion of Gaza that "we have only one President at a time" and then, when he became President, remained virtually totally silent about the invasions and the starving of Gaza executed with U.S. military and world diplomatic support. This from the President who refused to attend the World Conference on Racism and then possibly inspired the delegates of several European allies who did attend to take their marbles and go home after Mahmoud Ahmandinejad dared make a noise against Israel. Isn't it great to have such inspiring moral leadership in the White House?
Hillarys Demands on Hamas are dictated verbatim by the Zionist, all one sided, no demands on israel.
Obama extorts Hamas to recognize a borderless zionist stae or recieve no reconstruction aid.
This from the President who told the Czechs on April 5, 2009: WORDS MUST MEAN SOMETHING.
I keep applying what he said then to everything he says now. So far HYPOCRISY, INDECISION and perhaps COWARDICE is winning.
/cm
The only FREEDOM these people would hate the United States of America for, is the freedom for US Soldiers to fly half ways across the globe to kill their women and children at will.
American exceptionalism demands that the only life of value is an American one.
Actually, only some American ones. Take a look at four centuries of history on the North American continent, and you'll see that there is onlyva sub-set of American life that matters. The rest (of us) are as expendable as the rest of the world.
Far more people die from traffic accidents and from doctor's mistakes than have ever died from terrorist acts or from illegal drugs in the US, but we don't spend trillions or hardly any money at all fixing those problems.
More people die from washing machine injuries.
Sioux Rose
Makes you wonder if the bored Homeland Security personnel (like that old Maytag washer repairman) sit around and maybe open phone books at random. Wherever their finger hits the page, that listing become "the next terrorist" target. Weeki Wachee... sure.
I am a bit surprised that the erudite researcher himself, Tom Engelhardt BUYS the official 911 storyline. However, I would like to thank him for his mentioning Mars, indeed, it is HAPPENING ON MARS, my friend, as this planet, placed in orb between Venus and Mars not just coincidentally, cleaves increasingly sharply to that metaphorical course set by the martial planet.
It is not just a pattern, Tom. It is a tune. Mr. Death he don't care how much we protest as long as we keeping dancing to his tune.
Aren't drones a dandy idea? Anybody remember Yap Chongyee, the testy Chinese communist guy who posted here a while back? "Drones?" he said. "You think drones are a big deal? Anybody can make drones."
Pretty soon mass death will be entirely automated, just like health care and banking. If we don't like getting bombed there will be no human being to take responsibility or to receive our complaint. (I say "we" advisedly, being identified not with America but with all the people on the ground minding their own business and getting killed by lunatic hell machines.)
I remember the Russians in their hell bent 9 year attempt at subduing Afghanistan by reading the LA Times in 79 thru 88. I did have a 2400 baud modem and a Mac+ from 1984 or so on, but there wasn't much as far as news or journalism then. I certainly remember many editorials criticizing the government for the dereliction of the Taliban and Al Queda after that war. The 12 years after 89 and the 'fall' of Kabul in01 was like none of our business, except for hidden negotiations for gas and oil pipelines by Chevron, etc. Those corporate entities needed a stable, friendly, flexible government for success. Now 8 years later and all these lives there and in Iraq for oil companies profit is bordering beyond insane. That Obama chooses to continue the charade is more than disheartening, it is becoming blasphemous of his 'promises,' his 'time for change,' or whatever. So now it is oil and gas pipelines and the opium crop that the world needs for medicine against the...?
The government will say what it needs to say and the people will scoff or cringe or pray or swear or bow down or take it in the keester for generations to come or not. No bets on 'or not.'
Americans don't have the strength of the Bolivians, those looked down upon ignorant paisanos, who rioted en mass when corporate Amerika tried to steal their water. Where are Americans when it is done to them every day?
This may seem scatological, but it is the essence of what is wrong with Americans.
WE IN THE SIGHTS OF THE FREE AMERICAN PRESS ARE NOT THOUGHT TO NEED THE REAL NEWS ANY LONGER SO WE GET THE VIEWS.
President Obama has bowed to the Bilderbergs his willful disregard to prove his worth has not been seen in his words and deeds as being one in the same.
The Bilderbergs agendas are well-stated world domination. And on his staff and he is adding daily the pundits and puppets as morons that answer to that group elite’s beckon and call.
And from olden times the Bilderbergs have been building their banker boys as troops to take over as world tyrants and President Obama with his deeds proving ---- is right there with them.
Now will President Obama be the first commander and chief to get the axe of impeachment in less time than it takes to have a Pro football season?
HOW DARE WE THINK LOGICALLY USING COMMON SENSE AND REASON
ANY LONGER? That might offend some in our CONGRESS and PENTAGON and for the many that represent us called the BILDERBERGS?
I believe the proof of the needless wars have come into the light. Now why should we stay? Not one good sane sound reason.
The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan what should we do as a Nation?
MY TAKE ---- just leave right now and don’t look back ---- two wrongs never made a right.
THE FIX---- Tell the generals to get out right now---and don’t leave that bunch with anything they can use for war against each other. When our troops get home give them the best that we can give them in the many kinds of stimulus packages going around today.
THE FIX BACK HOME--- give our troops returning home first grabs at all jobs being created by the stimulus money.
good piece Tom. The assault on Afghanistan was a war crime the moment the first bomb was dropped, and it gets worse every day it goes on. This was. as i understand it, meant to be a revenge thing. the u.s. wanted somebody to die for 9/11, and since Afghanistan had no air defense at all,it seemed to our demented pres just the place to hit. all the b.s. put out to excuse such an outrage was dutifully reported as true fact by our media, and believed by our fellow citizens.
but one does wonder how many "towers" of dead Afghans our hatred requires to be appeased. Especially since none of the people we have killed, or plan to kill, had anything to do with 9/11.
it's crazy, sick and twisted to keep on killing these pitifully poor, war weary people. Just stop it. try to act like human beings for a change
American exceptionalism is rampant- we arrogantly value our lives more than others' lives. Have done for centuries.
We remember Columbine (or at least the MSM makes sure that we do), then we mourn again watching the hosts on Good Morning America tsk tsk tsk-ing over one American youth abducted and murdered- forgetting (or ignoring) the many, many, MANY civilians- women and children, uncles, fathers- that are killed each day in our names. In Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq and all the other places where U.S. foreign policy is killing people with impunity.
How do we even sleep at night?
A good article by Tom Engelhardt. No wonder "terrorists" are increasing. I can understand how a young man could decide to become a suicide bomber against these heartless invaders who kill his people.
I have a solution to the problem of Afghanistan, which would save money too. First, pull out all the soldiers. This would immediately save $6 billion (?) per month. Second, open an agency in Kabul called (say) "American Department of Reconstruction" or some such name, as long as it has no connection with warfare. This agency should advertise free funds for any reasonable reconstruction project. Allocate half the present budget for military activities ($3 billion per month) to be handed out, with no strings attached, to any Afghan or group of Afghans who present a plan for a project they want to undertake. Some oversight would be needed to ensure the funds don't just disappear, but even those projects that fail would be an injection of cash into Afghan economy.
My solution provides work for unemployed Afghans, gets projects that only THEY want done, and once word got around that Americans were being helpful instead of hurtful, the tendency for terrorism would diminish.
Eactly Ted. And it is doable.
I am reading an amazing book called 'A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush' by Eric Newby, published in 1958, about a mountaineering expedition by two Brits in Nuristan in 1956. He speaks of it as a country, but it is the area of Afghanistan between the Hindu Kush and the Swat region of Pakistan. The book has an amazing photo on the cover of a village of adobe looking little houses built on the side of a mountain.
What a richly cultural, wonderful, beautiful region it sounds like. According to this book, there are many diverse groups of people, with many cultures and languages, in the region. It breaks my heart to think of our demonization of these people who we do not understand or know anything about, and to think that they are being bombed by manned or unmanned aircraft, and hunted like animals. What a horrible tragedy for humanity.
"I know not with what weapons World War 3 will be fought, but World War 4 will be fought with sticks and stones." - Albert Einstein
Aside from the well-presented ethical case in this article, there is also a pragmatic case. Slaughter of innocent civilians generates outrage in the community, making them hostile to the US and NATO and, often, more receptive to extremism. Indeed, it motivates terrorists to get revenge.
Not only is it morally wrong, it's counterproductive.
"In response -- no less part of this formula -- have been the denials issued by American military officials or coalition spokespeople that those killed were anything but insurgents"
right - and only Vietminh were killed in Vietnam.
It is too late now. Either US attains an unassailable victory in the Muslim countries in the very near future or go bankrupt in the long run.
Wrong: the war will bankrupt the US. Victory will be withdrawing from the Moslem world and paying the market price for the oil we need.
JAMES JOYCE
THAT IS WRONG----a new oil field is being drilled up right now in MEXICO---they will drill 1700 new off shore wells in the gulf near us. Now if you or I was the big boss like Obama should be----we would take coms cia operatives with us and talk to Calderon---tell him ---we will buy all our oil from you on as our total needs goes up or down for $45.00 per barrell and that is that. Take that and sign this paper or else I will leave these good buds of mine behind. To Do what they do and they have fun at it.
Let's face it: if the military and administration cared about killing civilians they wouldn't do it: ergo; they don't care. That's a fact. Call it disturbing, or what, but to extrapolate along this line: most people don't care that billions of farm animals are kept in lonely, terrifying and sadistic industrial conditions throughout their lives. Until we start caring about all life on this planet, we are doomed. And that's a fact too.
Those who love justice will understand that American actions abroad lead to the hatred (justifiable) which causes people to try to kill Americans. If you drop bombs on our wedding parties, we'll find ways to pay you back.
In your last section you lump together three Al-Qaeda attacks: ("two U.S. embassy buildings in Africa, a destroyer in a Yemeni harbor, and of course those two towers in New York and the Pentagon").
Are you SURE the 9/11 attacks were simply Al-Qaeda? The first two you mention were drive-up blasts. 9/11 was of a much more sophisticated, qualitatively different nature---three controlled demolitions obviously set inside the WTC buildings well in advance.
Your whole article is superb except for this elision. It's as if you had never read David Ray Giffin's painstaking scholarship. To put it mildly, we are very far from certainty that 9/11 was Al-Qaeda's work.
Obama
**every day, somewhere in the world people must resist the urge to turn away from scenes of horror, hate, injustice and intolerance**
ai 1996
"Throughout the world, on any given day, a man, woman or child is likely to be displaced, tortured, killed or 'disappeared', at the hands of governments or armed political groups. More often than not.......
the United States shares the blame
http://tinyurl.com/cfoa9