NEW YORK - February 22 - On February 21, 2006 two anesthesiologists refused to participate in the scheduled execution by lethal injection of Michael Morales in California. Their widely reported action highlights the ongoing conflict between medical ethics and the role of medical personnel in executions. This conflict is explored in Breach of Trust: Physician Participation in Executions in the United States, a report prepared in 1994 by the American College of Physicians, Human Rights Watch, The National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty, and Physicians for Human Rights. The report documents that physicians are often mandated to participate in executions by state laws and regulations. As a result, physicians participate in executions, despite clear prohibitions on such participation in international and national ethical and professional codes of conduct.

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