CRESCENT VALLEY, Nevada - Five tribal and public interest parties filed a lawsuit in Nevada Federal Court on Thursday, seeking an immediate injunction to stop one of the largest open pit cyanide heap leach gold mines in the United States - the Cortez Hills Expansion Project on Mt. Tenabo.

Carrie Dann prays for the Earth. Dann characterizes the "destruction of the water" as "destruction of the blood of the earth" which entails "destroying life of the earth and the people and the wildlife that depend on it. Dewatering is taking the life of future generations." (Photo by Erin Hetherington courtesy Oxfam) Canadian Barrick Gold, the world's largest gold mining company, plans to construct and operate the mine in an area that the lawsuit states is "located entirely within the territory of the Western Shoshone Nation."

The permit was granted on November 12, and the $500 million mine construction project could begin as early as this week

"After years of determined opposition from Western Shoshone, the U.S. Department of Interior, through its Bureau of Land Management approved one of the largest open pit cyanide heap leach gold mines in the United States on the flank of Mount Tenabo," the plaintiffs said in a joint statement.

They described the area as "well-known for its spiritual and cultural importance to the Western Shoshone" and "home to local Shoshone creation stories, spirit life, medicinal, food and ceremonial plants and items" which "continues to be used to this day by Shoshone for spiritual and cultural practices."

The plaintiff groups are - the South Fork Band Council of Western Shoshone of Nevada, the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe, the Western Shoshone Defense Project, Great Basin Mine Watch and the nonprofit Western Mining Action Project, which provides free legal services for citizen groups and Native American tribes on hardrock mining issues in the Western U.S. and Alaska. They are asking that the mining permit be revoked.

Kathleen Holly says, "I visit Mt. Tenabo to pray to the Creator and to the life force of the world that resides in the mountain."

"The proposed Cortez Hills mine pit, along with its waste dumps and other mining facilities would be located right where I go to pray," Holly says. "BLM is wrong to limit the importance of Mt. Tenabo to Western Shoshone people to just the top of the mountain," which is owned by Barrick.

The Shoshone maintain that Mt. Tenabo and its environs are part of the ancestral land of the Western Shoshone, which has never been legally ceded to the federal government. Nevertheless, U.S. politicians and multinational corporations ignore the 1863 treaty between the U.S. government and the Western Shoshone, treating sacred land as a public resource to be mined for gold, the tribe says.

Barrick's Director of External Communications Louis Schack declined to comment on the lawsuit.

Gerald Smith, director of the BLM Battle Mountain Field Office, who along with the Department of the Interior and BLM is named in the suit, said Friday, "We complied with all the laws of Congress" and said he believes "all the actions are in compliance with the regulations we have to operate under."

Smith said, "We did appropriate consultation," and stated, "We've done, I think, a very outstanding and thorough job in issuing the best decision we can."

Smith says he knew there was going to be a court challenge once the project was approved. "There's a difference in opinion and we'll proceed from there," he said.

"This is a vitally important achievement for Barrick and for the communities where we do business in Nevada," said Greg Lang, president of Barrick's North America region. "The Cortez Hills project creates new economic development and job opportunities in rural Nevada at a time when other industry projects in Nevada are being shelved and jobs are being lost."

The Cortez property is expected to begin producing in the first half of 2010, with average annual production increasing to about 1.0 million ounces of gold for each of the first full five years of production.

There is a division of opinion also within the Shoshone tribal group over the gold mine.

Barrick recently signed a Collaborative Agreement with leaders of several Western Shoshone communities in Nevada to work together in partnership to improve education, business and employment opportunities for the Western Shoshone, enhance awareness of Native culture and to build greater mutual understanding.

The agreement establishes a Western Shoshone Educational Legacy Fund tied directly to revenues from the Cortez Hills mine. The Fund is expected to provide financial support for generations of Western Shoshone seeking higher education.

Lang said on November 12, "The Cortez Hills Project has been the object of criticism from activists who oppose mining and support failed claims of Native American title to much of Nevada's public lands. These groups are threatening litigation against the BLM's approval of the Cortez Hills EIS. The company will vigorously and expeditiously oppose any challenge."

The planned open pit mine on Mt. Tenabo will cover over 900 acres to a depth of 2,000 feet. New waste disposal and processing facilities are planned, including a cyanide heap-leaching facility, consisting of 1,577 million tons of waste rock, 53 million tons of tailings material, and 112 million tons of spent heap leach material.

The mine through an extensive groundwater pumping system will dewater Mt. Tenabo and "permanently destroy approximately 6,800 acres of land on and around Mt. Tenabo, over 90 percent of which is classified as federal 'public' land."

Larson Bill, vice-chairman of the South Fork Band Council, asks, "How are we, as a nation, showing our values, if we allow a transnational corporation to destroy this 'church' for all time, just to get 10 years worth of gold."

Bill said that while Barrick has tried "to cloud the real issues with gifts and money, we continue to oppose this project."

"They have not bought our people, the traditions nor the lands of the Shoshone," he said.

Carrie Dann of the Western Shoshone Defense Project, a recipient of the prestigious Right Livelihood Award, warned, "This mine will drain the water from Mount Tenabo" and will suck "the water out of the mountain forever."

Dann characterizes the "destruction of the water" as "destruction of the blood of the earth" which entails "destroying life of the earth and the people and the wildlife that depend on it. Dewatering is taking the life of future generations."

Julie Cavanaugh-Bill of the Western Shoshone Defense Project said, "The question that the courts and the people of this country need to ask themselves is will we continue to tolerate these violations against the First People of this land or will we finally turn the tide of injustice and protect these sacred areas?"

Dan Randolph, executive director of Great Basin Resource Watch, said, "This is an example of how the Bush administration is rushing to protect their corporate friends in their last few months of power" as the "BLM denied requests to extend the comment period on the EIS not only from us, but also from several Western Shoshone tribal governments."

Randolph believes "Barrick will begin work on the mine as soon as they can, to cause enough harm in an attempt to make a religious rights argument moot, and the BLM and Bush administration appear to be more than willing to help them in every way possible."

The lawsuit claims the "Western Shoshone religious and cultural uses of the Mine site will be permanently eliminated."

The plaintiffs argue that "the BLM failed to adequately protect public and private resources, including the religious, cultural and environmental resources and uses at and around the Project site - the Trust Responsibility owed to Native Americans."

By failing in this protection, the governments have violated the Federal Land Policy and Management Act and the Religious Freedom Restoration Act, the plaintiff groups claim.

In addition, the lawsuit alleges the BLM "failed to fully evaluate the project's impacts as required by the National Environmental Policy Act.

The BLM acknowledged in its 2004 Ethnographic Report that the "entire Mountain and pediment area, not just the top, was part of a Native American Traditional Cultural Property."

Yet, the agency stated in its both in its final environmental impact statement, FEIS, and in its record of decsion that the "BLM knows of no Western Shoshone uses that would be prevented or uses or resources that would be destroyed by the proposed project."

But the plaintiff groups point out that the "FEIS predicts that at least 22 springs or seeps, and at least one perennial stream, will suffer the loss or complete elimination of their flows." They maintain that these are waters that "are sacred to Western Shoshone people and are an integral part of their exercise of their religion."

The plaintiffs also complain that the air pollution from the mine would violate legal standards when it comes to fine particle emissions. Health effects associated with exposure to PM25 fine particle emissions "include premature death, aggravation of heart and lung disease and asthma attacks," the point out.

They claim that the gold mine violates the BLM'S own Visual Resource Management requirements to identify and protect scenic values on public lands set forth under two different laws and particularly would "constitute a severe visual intrusion into Western Shoshone religious/ceremonial sites."

The plaintiffs point out to the court that the BLM received 14,631 individual comments in opposition to the project from people around the world.

The lawsuit mentions that the United Nations recently found the United States and BLM in violation of the Western Shoshone's rights "due to the ongoing and proposed Cortez/Barrick operations on Mt. Tenabo."