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Acidic Seas May Kill 98% of World's Reefs by 2050
The majority of the world's coral reefs are in danger of being killed off by rising levels of greenhouse gases, scientists warned yesterday. Researchers from Britain, the US and Australia, working with teams from the UN and the World Bank, voiced their concerns after a study revealed 98% of the world's reef habitats are likely to become too acidic for corals to grow by 2050.
The loss of big coral reefs would have a devastating effect on communities, many of which rely on fish and other marine life that shelter in the reefs. It would leave coastlines unprotected against storm surges and damage often-crucial income from tourism. Among the first victims of acidifying oceans will be Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest organic structure.
The oceans absorb around a third of the 20bn tonnes of carbon dioxide produced each year by human activity. While the process helps to slow global warming by keeping the gas from the atmosphere, in sea water it dissolves to form carbonic acid - rising levels of which cause carbonates to dissolve. One of these minerals, aragonite, is used by corals and other marine organisms to grow their skeletons. It is particularly susceptible to carbonic acid. Without it, corals become brittle and are unable to grow and repair damage caused by fish, snails and natural erosion.
The scientists used computer simulations to model levels of aragonite in the world's oceans from pre-industrial times, when atmospheric carbon dioxide levels stood at 280 parts per million. Present day levels of carbon dioxide are 380ppm, but scientists expect the figure will rise substantially by the end of the century.
The team looked at three scenarios based on predictions of greenhouse gas emissions by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The first assumed that atmospheric carbon dioxide was held at today's level, leading to an increase in temperature of 1C by the end of the century. Under this scenario there was enough aragonite left in the oceans for corals to continue growing.
The second scenario looked at the effect of carbon dioxide levels at between 450 and 500ppm, a rise that would increase global temperatures by 2C. Under these conditions only very hardy corals and creatures that lived off them would survive.
In the worst scenario, when carbon dioxide levels rose above 500ppm, the models predicted a 3C rise and a substantial increase in ocean acidity, causing the majority of reefs to die off. The study appears in the journal Science.
"Before the industrial revolution over 98% of warm water coral reefs were bathed with open ocean waters 3.5 times supersaturated with aragonite, meaning that corals could easily extract it to build reefs," said Long Cao, a co-author from the Carnegie Institution in Stanford. "If atmospheric carbon dioxide stabilises at 550ppm, and even that would take concerted international effort, no existing coral reef will remain in such an environment."
Peter Mumby, a reef ecologist at Exeter University, who worked on the study, said: " Reefs help protect coastlines from storm damage by acting as a buffer, so without them storm surges will go straight over and hit the coast."
Under threat
Philippines One of the most threatened coral hot spots, the reefs face damage from pollution, run-off from logging, and dynamite fishing
Gulf of Guinea Around 20 sq km of reef between four islands off the west African coast under threat from coastal development and coral harvesting
Sunda Islands Part of the coral triangle, one of the most diverse coastal areas. Already at threat from destructive fishing and reef fish trade
Southern Mascarene Islands Reefs surrounding Mauritius, Reunion and Rodriguez islands in southern Indian Ocean are under threat from pollution from the sugar cane industry and agricultural development
Eastern South Africa Next to Cape Floristic, this smaller reef is also at risk from over-fishing and tourism
© 2007 The Guardian
73 Comments so far
Show AllIf my previous post didn't make this clear, one also has to appreciate the sheer area covered with coral reefs - if you take a flight from south Florida to any of the eastern greater Antilles or the windward islands, get a window seat You fly for at least two hours over coral reefs, keys and coral-derived sand banks of the Bahamas Platform (the sand literally derived from eons of coral-eating parrot fish excreement).
If you don't live in the tropics, you can get an appreciation of the role of reefs throughout geologic history by considering that large parts of the worlds land areas (including nearly all of the US midwest and south) are underlain by thousands of feet of limestone derived from ancient coral reefs dating back over 550 million years.
Just as a coal miner "walks through ancient forest lands"(Sting), a trip into one of the the ubiquitos Kentucky or Appalacian limestone caverns takes you through the work of ancient coral reefs.
It seems as though the excess carbonic acid from dissolved carbon dioxide has already had devastating effects on krill populations. I would expect the problem to get much worse for all sensitive marine species until the source problem is addressed adequately. (Just don't hold you breath until that happens.)
This is stunning news.
Unfortunately for too many of our useless contemptable corporate-whore politicians who live at temperate lattitudes, the worlds coral reefs are out of sight and out of mind. But if you have spent any time anywhere near around the swath of sea between about 28 degrees north and south lattitudes, you would know that the loss of these incredably diverse biomes is comparable in global impact to, say, all the mid and north lattitude forests in North America and Eurasia getting wiped out. If you've never dived on a healthy coral reef, think of the most colorful, exotic aquarium you've ever seen and multiply it by 100 - that is what just a few square meters of healthy coral reef is like.
And, as impotant geologic reservoirs of carbon (as CaCO3) the dead, dissolving coral and limestone from these reefs will be a frightening longer-term runaway CO2 feedback mechanism.
The earth is sick. She will either die and become a ghost planet, or she will throw off the parasite, man, and begin her long recovery without his poisons circulating in her blood.
After having dived on some of the earths most beautiful reefs, this sickens me.
Not intending to beat a dead horse here, but it isn't JUST greenhouse gases that are killing our oceans, it's DU, that is, depleted uranium, which is being used for ammunition and bombs worldwide. 70% of our little word is covered by oceans, and one can intelligently surmise, that 70% of the DU that gets up into our atmosphere ends up in our oceans when it finally returns to the Earth's surface. How much DU is up there in the air? Well there are over five billion specks of microscopic DU particles in a single cupfull and in one bunker buster bomb there are at least 2,000 cupfulls. How much has already been released into our atmosphere during the past 35 to 40 years is a guess.
An invisible to the eye speck of DU will kill anything alive, down to the microbal level, and continue to kill for several billion years. Why is it a major problem for all life on this planet that killing our ocean life is a critical problem? The answer is, the major portion of oxygen content, (70%) in our precious atmosphere, is supplied by the tiny phytoplankton, which develop in our oceans.
Those tiny, but the most important plant life on our planet, are dying off at an alarming rate and no one knows the exact reason. Man made pollution is the major suspect. In the past few years the phytoplankton numbers have reduced by from 10 to 12%. When their numbers drop another 15 to 20%, we won't have the necessary oxygen reqired for life on this planet. How long will that take is the big question, maybe five years, maybe fifty or more. However long is not what we should be considering, how to reverse the trend is and it SHOULD outweigh every other issue, for every nation.
If the problem of our oceans dying is DU or not is also not the big question, we can certainly with a common sense evaluation, assume DU is one of the problems and perhaps the most significant. For sure all types of pollutions in our atmosphere should be corrected and firm sensible steps taken to correct it now, not next month, or next year, or by 2015.~~ NOW~~. It is nothing less than human insanity to think, or to believe otherwise. Will this most serious problem be addressed by a serious, world wide committee of our world's leaders? __Of course not.
Lets take a guess of how many different bloggers comment on this MOST important thread during the next two days, before it is buried in the archives. I'll guess 12. If Cheney's picture was in the photo, or if it had the word impeach in the title, there would be over a hundred. Guess humanity has to set their priorities.
I am a diver also but this is just one more indication of another sick ecosytem. The frogs around the world were dying or mutating-no one listened. The reefs are dying and no one believes it. Unless one has done dives in some of these areas of fantastic beauty and returned years later to witness their deterioration I guess it is hard to believe. Politicians are only interested in what gets them elected and until the public is suffering from global warming (opps scratch that) "climate change" then nothing will happen. My guess is that we are already past the point of no return. Look at the talking points of the current Presidential candidates-Taxes, immigration (of brown people that is), terrorist and what else?-no climate change!
Like many studies, it has EXCLUDED the other threats that will exacerbate coral reef die-off. Other threats include:
- Crown of Thorns starfish
- Overfishing
- Plankton species die-off (especially Zooxanthellae)
- Changes in water temperature
- Coral bleaching (due to dirt-blow-off from nearby land, especially true in Oz which is suffering a catastrophic drought)
Having said that, survival through 2050 is optimistic.
WTF,
I thought that the primary cause of coral bleaching is excessive water temperature. At least, that is the cause the catastrohic loss of the Staghorn and Elkhorn corals in the S. Atlantic/Carribean which is, of course directly caused by global warming.
I haven't been diving on a reef since the 1980's but I understand that the damage is so bad that if I did go back to my old dive sites, I would probably be back in the boat within 15 minutes crying.
Also, a lot of parasitic attacks in a lot of other biomes is directly due to either weakening of the host or opportunism by the parasite from a warmer climate. The death of Alaskan and Canadian spruce and fir forests by the bark beetle as well as die-off of the Balsam and Hemlock trees from the Wooly Adgelid aphid in the US Applacians is largely by the end of deep winter cold snaps that would have kept these insects in check. Like the reefs, there are formerly beautiful places in Shenandoah Park in Virginia I will probably never go back to, it upsets me so.
Yesterday a blogger from Hawaii stated on another article, they didn't see the whales this year and every year prior they could set their watches by their arrival. No whales she said, and wondered if they were in trouble.
Indeed they are in big trouble, most eat krill and plankton. The whales are not the canaries of their water world, the whales are the top of the ocean's food chain. If the whales food supplies are dying off, we can realize our OXYGEN supply, for the atmosphere and the oceans is also dying off. Whatever the reason for that obvious disaster, humanity is insane to ignore that fact of life and SHOULD 'immediately' initiate a massive effort to correct it, or we won't be here discussing the whys or wherefores in a very few years. The year 2050 is a stretch as WTF noted. A big stretch.
Of course the important issues are, overpaid athletes are using steroids, Paris Hilton is out of jail, Cheney is in trouble again, a NFL quarterback is going to jail for torturing animals and waterboarding is, or is not tortue, depending upon what politician you talk to.
My God, what in hell is wrong with the people who control the world's finances, and have the power to correct this MOST important problem humanity has ever faced in our recorded history? This should be headline news for every newspaper in the world and be the headliner for Common Dreams fromnow until every person in the entire world is aware of it. ____ Ho-hum, gotta go, my favorite soap, As The World Turns is coming on.
KEM PATRICK
Thank you for the info re DU. I knew about the devastation that it was causing in the Middle East, that we have poisoned the cradle of civilization for all time, that cancer and birth defects have increased tremendously there, and so on. But I had not known about it getting into the environment the way you describe. Of course it would be so - we can't cordon off environmental problems as we all share the same ecosystem. There is a great temptation to despair, but as long as I'm still breathing I will keep trying to do what I can for the environment, aka us all. I have snorkeled in the Great Barrier Reef and this article both sickens and motivates me.
PJD,
Wind-blown debris has also been demonstrated to contribute to coral bleaching. Floatable debris smothers coral and and other sessile benthic organisms and reduces sunlight penetration. As a rule of thumb, if the item can fly and/or float it is more likely to enter the marine environment. Wind-blown agricultural chemicals (superphosphates) have been found in toxic levels in the off-shore breeze in Yorke and Eyre Peninsulas. Zooxanthellae which is the source of color in corals is especially sensitive to such debris.
Also, wind-blown debris contains bacteria not found in the oceans.
http://www.globaled.org/issues/172%20Fnl.pdf
I dived a few years on the Great Barrier Reef in the 80s, before it became commercialized. The islands that I camped on with a few mates are now the sites of mega hotels. I've been told that that beach diving is dead, and one has to boat it to a good dive site.
OK Everybody-
It won't do us any good to whine about who did it or why. let's figure out WHAT we're going to do about it and get started...
What's the first step? Anybody? I'm in.
I love the sea! I can't imagine life without a healthy vibrant coastline, coral reefs and clear water. I don't wnat that to ever happen, not now, or in the future for my grandchildren to see.
Mother Earth just needs to know we care and she will respond. Every effort we make creates a vibration which can be felt and understood. Something positive and sustaining, even spoken words or mantras are a contribution. What else...?
Let's start a positive movement of energy and support for healing our planet!
Hi TERMITE, did you know that termites consume 30% of the vegetation on this here planet, and those little buggers fart as often as the bean eating veggies do? The termites are the single largest contributor to greenhouse gas. Of course that is nature workng, ___ not humanity.
There are over a million web sites about DU, here is one of the best I've read. It fully explaines what we are faced with in regards to the real dangers and of the governments so far sucessful attempts to cover it up.
Also, more DU has been expended in the United States at military firing ranges, than has been used in the Mid-East. Thousands of tons have been fired off every year for the past 30 some years.
http://www.uraniumweaponsconference.de/background.htm
The comments by all of the other bloggers here, PJD, WTF, BARN BURNER and the others, are very informative and appropriate. Thanks to all of you, from all of us.
Hi KEM -- I left you a comment here
Does the planet need humans? We are a part of this system but so have many other species been a part of life on earth. It is quite appearant that earth is going thru some changes, and that man and all we've done especially over the last hundred years or so hasn't helped. Earth has changed many times in the past and evidently will on into the future. Mayans 2012 Christians Armageddon Ice Ages Global Warming End of times prophecies It doesn't take much imbalance to kill species in man the acid base ratios are not widespread if one is to be healthy. And so it is with all living things. Loose the oxygen the oceans provide well it is over....earth as the next Mars? So do we live are lifes well to the end for we none of us know when that will be.
Get used to this stuff folks. This is what a systemic death spiral looks like. Be as optimistic as you like. It won't change anything. I've been reading stories like this for years and years and they only get worse. As the language of global warming advocates becomes more and more desperate, less and less is actually done. It's funny that the Guardian neglected to point out that the UK carbon footprint has gone up, not down since Kyoto. The system of governance has been captured by corporations that believe they can live forever. The only solution that has any possibility whatsoever of stopping this juggernaut is a complete and total breakdown of the global economy. I'm soooo ready for the crash... bring it on.
You won't have long to wait pal.
Hi NSPIRE, yes indeed, LOL.
Got eleven different bloggers here already.
Changing my bet to 24.
All the limestone in the whole world is calcium carbonate. This is the largest sequestration of carbon dioxide I know of. All this binding and removal of this massive amount of Carbon Dioxide was accomplished by the growth of ancient coral reefs. Doesn't anyone remember grade school earth science about the types and formation of rock? Limestone is coral reefs and we are killing off the earths oldest and largest system to deal with carbon dioxide. How much faster will we change this earth once we have eliminated the very system that has dealt with carbon dioxide for millions of years?
IRISH EDDIE O'HARA -- You're so right, and I love this man for his perspicacity
"This is TRUTH!!"
And he still can it sound Funny, somehow?!?
Thanks for the link Kem Patrick. Publicity about the consequences of the criminal use of depleted uranium is so important. Everything poisoned poisons everything else in our seas. This has a cumulative effect and appears off the radar in the main stream media because it will cost bundels, prison time for so many and most importantly cannot (ever) be fixed. The most that can be done now is damage limitation. No better time for presidential candidates to be asked their position on the use of depleted uranium in the hope publicity can rekindle more awareness of what's at stake now! This stuff is a worldwide phenomena as dust is carried wherever the wind takes it. How many worldwide cancers and other such illnesses are caused by this alone??? Any estimates? Competent experts must make a stand against its continued use everywhere on this globe. Perhaps then people will waken up to the dangers of using the 'nuke them' philosophy. How many die in the United States? As for our oceans, we poison the greatest resevoir of food and global warmings chain reaction will bring destruction sooner than we imagine.
I remember the ninth grade Biology yeast cells in a test tube experiment. Well we've eaten most of the fossil fuel nutrients, grown our population and pooped a lot of CO2. Soon we all die.
At least the yeast cells didn't know what was about to happen to them, and they could grow again someplace else. Only one test tube for us.
"Well we've eaten most of the fossil fuel nutrients, grown our population and pooped a lot of CO2. Soon we all die."
Well, the yeast - especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae - also poop out a lot of the organic solvent C2H5OH, which I am imbibing a bit of right now in it most natural form. The yeast is given a good home and nourished by sweet barley-malt sugars and balanced by the flowery aromatic bitterness from generous amounts of aromatic flower of Humulus lupulus (Cannibaceae). All thanks to the livelihood of an enterprising individual just a few miles from here.
I m astounded that candidate Huccklberry referred to science regarding global warming.
This from a man that believes in magic, superstition and a 6000 year old planet.
Right on Iowa - pick a real genius for us all to consider.
Actually, I read a Carl Sagan book about the original life on this planet. It gave off a toxic gas that killed almost all of them. Only tetanus, botulism and other anaerobic lifeforms that can hide from oxygen have survived.
Why do the rich capitalists seem so determined to continue their ways even as our planet is destroyed? Cause they make a lot of money and they're having a great time.
Huck-berry is another damn bible thumping preacher, a puffed up shithead who can talk a good game. He was a smart preacher, who realized there was a hell of a lot more money to be had by being elected to high office, than by raiding the wicker baskets of his holy flock.
Guess they must hate their children and grandchildren too.
greenerthanthou,
I can see what you may be alluding to, the evolution of blue-green algae 2.7 billion years ago was the demise of all the early primitive anaerobic microbial life forms, but was absolutely the key event in enabling the evolution of large, complex, oxygen-using life forms.
But in the current case, a CO2-rich atmosphere represents the thermodynamic dead-end of atmospheric evolution with regard to supporting complex life. Just look at Mars on one side of us and Venus on the other. At least Mars probably contains primitive anerobic bacteria-like life in it's subsurface aquifers. But, with the expected increases in solar luminosity over the next few hundred million years, the earth's thick atmosphere will probably end up looking more like Venus - too hot for any life at all. Mars will return to being a "nice place" then. But human capitalist economic activity appears to be forcing the earth to a too-early death to allow any human descendants to make it there.
I love such free-wheeling speculative talk - As someone in their 50's I wonder; do young people even do such things these days?
The best book I have ever read about our oceans, was that written by Jacques Costeau.
~~~ THE OCEAN WORLD ~~~
It is a large book of 440 pages, is very will illustrated and gives all any layman would need to know about our precious oceans and the ocean life. In the final chapter he gave dire warnings, if we didn't begin to clean up our act. Even then, some 30 years ago, he stated it was almost impossible to take an underwater photo or film, without having a chunk of plastic float in front of the cameras lens, anywhere in any ocean.
Humanity didn't heed his thoughful and scientific advice. He was a scientist, an inventor, navigator, pilot, explorer, author and a fine man and parent. He gave us about 70 years if we didn't stop polluting the oceans. Of course I'm certain he never dreamed we would also soon be polluting with DU.
More ships should be sunk off shore to create artificial reefs. Moreover it makes for good television.
I am pissed now. I really mean it. I am so upset I could come up with my own stand up routine.
'Morons In Power'.
Did we not just read about how accurate those prognostics of the 'Whatnot Climate Panel'
were regarding the Arctic Meltdown? Did we not just read about Greenland melting like
Vanilla Ice cream in Baghdad? If they even have Ice Cream there.
So now those specialists, who can obviously not even tie their own shoestrings, tell us that
by 2050 the reefs are done?
You got to be shitting me if there is not a Revolution For Our Mother Earth immediately in the
making, RIGHT?
That brings me to another issue. I don't want any RIGHTs any more. I want my f*****g lefts.
I will never again do a RIGHT turn no matter what f*****g sign there is.
Just rip the f*****g page out of the dictionary that contains RIGHT. Because it is the RIGHT
that has f****d up this planet, OUR PLANET EARTH.
Never ever should any RIGHTminded person even be allowed to operate a vehicle, because
they think it is f*****g funny and cool to convert a f*****g gas guzzler that doesn't even get
six miles to the gallon into an even bigger f*****g gas guzzler, now with even worse mileage
because the cabin is eight feet in the air and the tires have the size of a small European car.
They are f*****g wasting OUR fuel too.
Regarding the reefs I can tell You that much, nowadays there is a steady heavy flow of mud down
the flanks of the Hamakua coast. At times the Chocolate Brown Ocean delivers the most
spectacular sight of Hawai'ian Bros surfing Hershey'sâ„¢ Chocolate syrup with vanilla color
foam crests.
Acidity is farming, air pollution and volcanic emissions. In Hawai'i at times uncomfortably high,
when the trade winds take a break, the vog gets You and it goes everywhere of course.
Intense rain like in the last week and even today washes the sulfuric acid from the vegetation
and the swelling rivers take care of the soil. This happens all over the world.
But it is more important 'to go shopping' like UNCLE GEORGE WANTS YOU, then to stop this
madness right now.
Get the troops home for X-mas I know they can do it. Have an Arab Peace Corps who helps to
establish a peaceful and prosperous Iraqi Nation, integrated into a peaceful Middle East.
Immediate disarmament of all armies, mercenaries and police force. No more tasering from
RIGHT to left. We all need to work on this altogether now.
Don't You guys love Your children and Your grandchildren and Your great grandchildren?
Doesn't everybody love somebody else enough to prevent him/her to get hurt and killed?
Doesn't human mankind deserve better than what our RIGHteous politician turned citizens
come up with?
Don't WE?
So that would only be the beginning of the comedy.
Can somebody play the HAARP for the boys in the white house?
The likely 'average-American response' to this article will be the accumulation and increased hording/investment in Coral-stocks for future 3rd-world carved 'nicknacks and baubles' -- thus further-endangering organic-Reefs.
[Sigh... And, methinks those in that White-House have been playing their HAARP, furiously, since 1992...to what 'Ends/Interests', I am unsure -- but I'm pretty-sure that theirs and Ours are NOT 'conjoined', as might be expected from casual-read of that Constitution, itself 'endangered' by a pervasive and acidic-hubris and not-always just a "g-d-damned piece of paper".]
Anyone else finding it harder to breath these days?
KEM PATRICK
Yes, I do know about termites being farty little buggers that contribute to global warming. But they also are one of the mightiest animals on earth when their cumulative actions are taken into account. No elephant could bring down a mighty structure, but termites sure can. Who knows but that the cumulative effects of each of us doing our own part (however ineffective these individual actions seem in isolation)may have an effect greater than we even can imagine. Of course it also is very likely that we will fail in our efforts to bring down this power structure that is killing us and our planet, but I love our earth too much to give in to the luxury of despair.
KEM PATRICK
well look at that........over 40 comments now. great. but that doesn't help the reefs..........
ITSJUSTKARMA
well finally someone else besides me know about HAARP. i'm sure that project has a lot to do with all this destruction.
Nearly everyone knows about HAARP (and Torture, and Election-theft, and Media-consolidation, and -- a very long-list now, headed on-yours by DU)...and the Weather (but still, even Franklin would think no one is doing-much about either/any).
[Unless you count the probably-nefarious use of HAARP as 'finally addressing weather', which I'm afraid some asshole/somewhere is attempting to -- for Interests not ours (as I stated above).]
[Or Franklin's'!]
KEM PATRICK:
"Guess they must hate their children and grandchildren too."
No, they think their money and privilege will buy better lives for their descendants. Which is why they don't give a shit about anyone who isn't them or isn't just like them.
Contemplating about what needs to be done, or better what needs to be said, for something to get done. All Your assessments are dead on. It is kind of scary to be reassured that no change of course is possible. With people like the boys in the house of shame (can't call it white house anymore, left?) reminiscent of that glorious voyage of the Titanic, where another bright decider
ran only into an iceberg because he tried to avoid it. In our case it is the other way around. The drunk captain of our ship america,
with his crew of reckless profiteers, whose only superlative is their imbecility that doesn't not know any limitations.
But back to the possible solutions my friends.
1) You go and talk to Your 'representative' and tell him/her it's either impeachment of both dumb & dumber or he/she is out
at the next best opportunity
2) Accountability of ALL 'representatives', with their wealth and with their life, because that's not only what the oath says they took, but necessary it You pu into account that our lives are at stake through their incapability of getting things done left.
3) We need to get John and Jane Doe of that crack like evangelical RIGHTwing drug. Maybe some cold turkey would help.
4) Cardboard signs in Your privileged ocean front habitats that could state things like "Your Republican Sea Level" and You
position Yourself in respect to the more 'Inlandish' occurrence of the shore break.
5) Start immediately to utilize unwanted side effects of the upcoming climate change. E.g.: if You encounter weather conditions such as the glow of the clouds inflicted through the skilled performance of a government employed HAARP player,
turn off all electric devices at once. Not only will that save a lot of electricity, it will as well show how far some sick minds will go
to protect their interests militarily.
6) Mandatory homeschooling. Start now, don't wait until it is too late. Save money by not driving to school, protect Your child from viral diseases and therefore Yourself.
I could go on and on and on. Every civilized and half way well educated human brain should be able to understand the scope of the sheer size of the shit that is hitting the fan. LEFT KNOW.
6) If You know You will be affected move now, before the gallon is $ 8.99.
Sorry, unfortunately some Menehune like typos occurred and the left order for the piece is such:
7) If You know You will be affected move now, before the gallon is $ 8.99.
I could go on and on and on. Every civilized and half way well educated human brain should be able to understand the scope of the sheer size of the shit that is hitting the fan. LEFT KNOW.
MEALSOTOO
i've yet to see anyone writing an article on here about it though. but i suppose we have enough to be going on with for the time being.......
We will never know what killed the earth. The autopsy will not be done by humans.
What is more likely though is that it will just get to be worse by the day. Suffering will abound and the elite will ignore it until they are forced by mob action to respond. That will also not be pretty.
Our Mother Earth has a Fever:
https://www.fnmoc.navy.mil/ncoda_web/dynamic/ncoda_1440x721_global_anom.gif
49 now CoCo, but only 21 different bloggers. Three to go.
Hi PIZZDORF, yeah, the people who live at altitudes above 6,000 feet sure might notice it. The reduction of oxygen has come on gradually. Those who live at or near sea level, are now breathing the amount of oxygen of what used to be normal at abut 5,000 feet 200 years ago. The loss of the oceans phytoplankton and burning off the rain forests is accelerating yearly though.
KEM PATRICK
are you having trouble posting? i'm getting some strange things here. what's going on?
i'm by the sea. is that good or bad?