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Published on Tuesday, May 29, 2007 by Inter Press Service

Plight of Workers in Palestinian Territories Has "Worsened Dramatically"

by Gustavo Capdevila

GENEVA- Workers in the Palestinian territories occupied by Israel have suffered another year of drastic decline in living standards and rising poverty, unemployment, social disintegration and political chaos, the ILO said in a new report.

The proportion of households below the poverty line increased 26 percent between March 2006 and March 2007, according to the report released Monday, which is based on the findings of high-level missions sent by the ILO (International Labour Organisation) in April to Israel and the occupied Arab territories.

Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) dropped 40 percent in those areas between 1999 and 2006.

Seven out of 10 households, comprising around 2.4 million people, are living in poverty in the occupied territories, says the report, which will be studied at the May 30-Jun. 15 sessions of the International Labour Conference, held every year in Geneva.

Only one out of three people in the territories work, while "two out of three persons are without employment, either because they are unemployed or because they are outside the labour force," says the report. Around 206,000 people are unemployed, equivalent to 24 percent of the workforce.

ILO Director General Juan Somavía said the situation in the occupied territories is "desperate". The violence has not ceased, and continues to affect both Palestinian and Israeli civilians, although to differing degrees of intensity, he said.

Somavía said economic activity in the occupied areas has been dramatically reduced, which has driven up poverty and unemployment, while making employment more and more precarious and hard to find. At the same time, companies are finding it increasingly difficult to operate because of the rise in logistics costs, and paychecks have become irregular, he added.

The head of the ILO stressed three aspects: that travel permits and control posts govern daily life for people in the occupied territories; that the Palestinian Authority has had to deal with a sharp reduction in funds; and that infighting and clashes between political parties has further complicated the situation.

The 40-year Israeli occupation of the West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights is not the only cause of the current deterioration in the region, says the report, which also mentions a series of measures taken after the elections that led to the change of government in the Palestinian territories in March 2006.

The January 2006 elections were won by the Hamas Islamic Resistance Movement, which is more radical in its opposition to Israel and the western governments that support it. The more moderate Fatah party has had control of the Palestinian National Authority since 1994.

The Western financial embargo on the Hamas-led government put in place after the elections has had devastating effects on the Palestinian people and economy, says the ILO.

That was aggravated by Israel's suspension of tax transfers to the territories, which has caused an estimated average monthly loss in income of 60 million dollars.

Altogether, the sanctions have led to a 50 percent loss in revenues for the Palestinian Authority.

Another factor was the imposition of even stiffer restrictions on the movement of persons and goods, which have reduced to a minimum the functioning of the economy of the occupied territories.

Palestinian market access, both within and outside the territories, is strictly controlled by the Israeli Defence Forces (IDF).

Somavía said the immediate cause of the difficult social and economic situation is the system of closures and controls, including Israel's separation wall.

The barriers are causing economic and social insecurity for people in the territories, he said, noting that a situation of prosperity and safety on one side and of military occupation, poverty and insecurity on the other is highly dangerous for both sides and is unsustainable.

The ILO says the Palestinian Authority, international donors and Israel should support entrepreneurs and workers to help consolidate businesses, encourage new investment and diversify the economy.

"This could contribute to fostering security and moving closer to a long-term negotiated solution to the conflict," the report adds.

"Reducing and removing barriers to the mobility of persons and goods within the territories, between Gaza and the West Bank and with the outside world, while ensuring security in Israel, is foremost among the measures that could avert the mounting economic and social crisis in the occupied territories," it says.

The ILO warns that the social fabric in the occupied territories is under the strain of a persistent high level of employment, especially among the young, and unprecedented levels of poverty and violence, including the deterioration of the rule of law.

Almost half -- 46 percent -- of the 2.4 million people in the occupied Palestinian territories are under 14 years of age, and the birth rate is a high 2.8 percent a year.
© 2007 Inter Press Service

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