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A Nation of Firsts Arms the World
They don't call us the sole superpower for nothing. Paul Wolfowitz might be looking for a new job right now, but the term he used to describe the pervasiveness of U.S. might back when he was a mere deputy secretary of defense -- hyperpower -- still fits the bill.
Face it, the United States is a proud nation of firsts. Among them:
First in Oil Consumption:
The United States burns up 20.7 million barrels per day, the equivalent of the oil consumption of China, Japan, Germany, Russia, and India combined.
First in Carbon Dioxide Emissions:
Each year, world polluters pump 24,126,416,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment. The United States and its territories are responsible for 5.8 billion metric tons of this, more than China (3.3 billion), Russia (1.4 billion) and India (1.2 billion) combined.
First in External Debt:
The United States owes $10.040 trillion, nearly a quarter of the global debt total of $44 trillion.
First in Military Expenditures:
The White House has requested $481 billion for the Department of Defense for 2008, but this huge figure does not come close to representing total U.S. military expenditures projected for the coming year. To get a sense of the resources allocated to the military, the costs of the global war on terrorism, of the building, refurbishing, or maintaining of the U.S. nuclear arsenal, and other expenses also need to be factored in. Military analyst Winslow Wheeler did the math recently: "Add $142 billion to cover the anticipated costs of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan; add $17 billion requested for nuclear weapons costs in the Department of Energy; add another $5 billion for miscellaneous defense costs in other agencies…. and you get a grand total of $647 billion for 2008." Taking another approach to the use of U.S. resources, Columbia University economist Joseph Stiglitz and Harvard Business School lecturer Linda Bilmes added to known costs of the war in Iraq invisible costs like its impact on global oil prices as well as the long-term cost of health care for wounded veterans and came up with a price tag of between 1 trillion and $2.2 trillion.
If we turned what the United States will spend on the military in 2008 into small bills, we could give each one of the world's more than 1 billion teenagers and young adults an Xbox 360 with wireless controller (power supply in remote rural areas not included) and two video games to play: maybe Gears of War and Command and Conquer would be appropriate. But if we're committed to fighting obesity, maybe Dance Dance Revolution would be a better bet. The United States alone spends what the rest of the world combined devotes to military expenditures.
First in Weapons Sales:
Since 2001, U.S. global military sales have normally totaled between $10 and $13 billion. That's a lot of weapons, but in fiscal year 2006, the Pentagon broke its own recent record, inking arms sales agreements worth $21 billion. It almost goes without saying that this is significantly more than any other nation in the world.
In this gold-medal tally of firsts, there can be no question that things that go bang in the night are our proudest products. No one makes more of them or sells them more effectively than we do. When it comes to the sorts of firsts that once went with a classic civilian manufacturing base, however, gold medals are in short supply. To take an example:
Not First in Automobiles:
Once, Chrysler, General Motors, and Ford ruled the domestic and global roost, setting the standard for the automotive industry. Not any more. In 2006, the U.S. imported almost $150 billion more in vehicles and auto parts than it sent abroad. Automotive analyst Joe Barker told the Boston Globe, "it's a very tough environment" for the so-called Detroit Three. "In times of softening demand, consumers typically will look to brands that they trust and rely on. Consumers trust and rely on Japanese brands."
Not Even First in Bulk Goods:
The Department of Commerce recently announced total March exports of $126.2 billion and total imports of $190.1 billion, resulting in a goods and services deficit of $63.9 billion. This is a $6 billion increase over February.
But why be gloomy? Stick with arms sales and it's dawn in America every day of the year. Sometimes, the weapons industry pretends that it's like any other trade -- especially when it's pushing our congressional representatives (as it always does) for fewer restrictions and regulations. But don't be fooled. Arms aren't automobiles or refrigerators. They're sui generis; they are the way the USA can always be number one -- and everyone wants them. The odds that, in your lifetime, there will ever be a $128 billion trade deficit in weapons are essentially nil.
Arms are our real gold-medal event.
First in Sales of Surface-to-Air Missiles:
Between 2001 and 2005, the United States delivered 2,099 surface-to-air missiles to nations in the developing world, 20% more than Russia, the next largest supplier.
First in Sales of Military Ships:
During that same period, the U.S. sent 10 "major surface combatants" like aircraft carriers and destroyers to developing nations. Collectively, the four major European weapons producers shipped thirteen. (And we were first in the anti-ship missiles that go along with such ships, with nearly double (338) the exports of the next largest supplier Russia (180).
First in Military Training:
A thoughtful empire knows that it is not enough to send weapons; you have to teach people how to use them. The Pentagon plans on training the militaries of 138 nations in 2008 at a cost of nearly $90 million. No other nation comes close.
First in Private Military Personnel:
According to bestselling author Jeremy Scahill, there are at least 126,000 private military personnel deployed alongside uniformed military personnel in Iraq alone. Of the more than sixty major companies that supply such personnel worldwide, more than 40 are U.S. based.
Rest assured, governments around the world, often at each others' throats, will want U.S. weapons long after their people have turned up their noses at a range of once dominant American consumer goods.
Just a few days ago, for instance, the "trade" publication Defense News reported that Turkey and the United States signed a $1.78 billion deal for Lockheed Martin's F-16 fighter planes. As it happens, these planes are already ubiquitous -- Israel flies them, so does the United Arab Emirates, Poland, South Korea, Venezuela, Oman and Portugal, not to speak of most other modern air forces. In many ways, F-16 is not just a high-tech fighter jet, it's also a symbol of U.S. backing and friendship. Buying our weaponry is one of the few ways you can actually join the American imperial project!
In order to remain number one in the competitive jet field, Lockheed Martin, for example, does far more than just sell airplanes. TAI -- Turkey's aerospace corporation -- will receive a boost with this sale, because Lockheed Martin is handing over responsibility for parts of production, assembly, and testing to Turkish workers. The Turkish Air Force already has 215 F-16 fighter planes and plans to buy 100 of Lockheed Martin's new F-35 Joint Strike Fighter as well, in a deal estimated at $10.7 billion over the next 15 years.
$10.7 billion on fighter planes for a country that ranks 94th on the United Nations' Human Development Index, below Lebanon, Colombia, and Grenada, and far below all the European nations that Ankara is courting as it seeks to join the European Union -- now that's a real American sales job for you!
Here's the strange thing, though: This genuine, gold-medal manufacturing-and-sales job on weapons simply never gets the attention it deserves. As a result, most Americans have no idea how proud they should be of our weapons manufacturers and the Pentagon -- essentially our global sales force -- that makes sure our weapons travel the planet and regularly demonstrates their value in small wars from Latin America to Central Asia.
Of course, there's tons of data on the weapons trade, but who knows about any of it? I'm typical here. I help produce one of a dozen or so sober annual (or semi-annual) reports quantifying the business of war-making. In my case: the Arms Trade Resource Center report, U.S. Weapons at War: Fueling Conflict or Promoting Freedom? These reports get desultory, obligatory press attention -- but only once in a blue moon do they get the sort of full-court-press treatment that befits our number one product line.
Dense collections of facts, percentages, and comparisons don't seem to fit particularly well into the usual patchwork of front-page stories. And yet the mainstream press is a glory ride, compared to the TV News, which hardly acknowledges most of the time that the weapons business even exists.
In any case, that inside-the-fold, fact-heavy, wonky news story on the arms trade, however useful, can't possibly convey the gold-medal feel of a business that has always preferred the shadows to the sun. No reader checking out such a piece is going to feel much -- except maybe overwhelmed by facts. The connection between the factory that makes a weapons system and the community where that weapon "does its duty" is invariably missing-in-action, as are the relationships among the companies making the weapons and the generals (on-duty and retired) and politicians making the deals, or raking in their own cut of the profits for themselves and/or their constituencies. In other words, our most successful (and most deadly) export remains our most invisible one.
Maybe the only way to break through this paralysis of analysis would be to stop talking about weapons exports as a trade at all. Maybe we shouldn't be using economic language to describe it. Yes, the weapons industry has associations, lobby groups, and trade shows. They have the same tri-fold exhibits, scale models, and picked-over buffets as any other industry; still, maybe we have to stop thinking about the export of fighter planes and precision-guided missiles as if they were so many widgets and start thinking about them in another language entirely -- the language of drugs.
After all, what does a drug dealer do? He creates a need and then fills it. He encourages an appetite or (even more lucratively) an addiction and then feeds it.
Arms dealers do the same thing. They suggest to foreign officials that their military just might need a slight upgrade. After all, they'll point out, haven't you noticed that your neighbor just upgraded in jets, submarines, and tanks? And didn't you guys fight a war a few years back? Doesn't that make you feel insecure? And why feel insecure for another moment when, for just a few billion bucks, we'll get you suited up with the latest model military… even better than what we sold them -- or you the last time around.
Why does Turkey, which already has 215 fighter planes, need 100 extras in an even higher-tech version? It doesn't… but Lockheed Martin, working the Pentagon, made them think they did.
We don't need stronger arms control laws, we need a global sobriety coach -- and some kind of 12-step program for the dealer-nation as well.
Frida Berrigan is a Senior Research Associate at the World Policy Institute's Arms Trade Resource Center.
Copyright 2007 Frida Berrigan



21 Comments so far
Show AllIf the rest of the world were like the US, the probability that the human race would go extinct this century would be so close to one that the difference would be negligible.
Excellent article that highlights the need to control US military expenditure. The list is very long of companies in the Military Industrial complex and the many politicians who leave government to join them. Follow the money!
Who is supplying the Congo with weapons? Darfur? Thugs in Haiti?
A very nice list of war toys. Yes? I would like to see a matching one of peace toys found in the US first.
WORLD DISARMAMENT NOW!!! And start with the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpiles!
The USA is also the #1 killer of women and children via both violence and economic terrorism.
We're the undisputed headquarters for horror too.
Now please do something about it:
Please call your politicians ONCE A WEEK and tell them to END BUSH'S WAR AND To IMPEACH the war criminals in the white house NOW. We really need to bug them on this til they do it.
PLEASE Call your members of Congress now toll free at 800-828-0498, 800-459-1887 or 800-614-2803 to tell them it's time IMPEACH BUSH & CHENEY, and to END THE OCCUPATION OF IRAQ.
Please don't forget to call NANCY PELOSI's office too:
(202) 225-4965 or via one of the 800 numbers above.
Without justice, we'll never have peace.
If we want peace, we have to work for justice.
The military industrial politcal complex has no incentive to change their past practices. Weapons are profit margins and lobbying efforts, a bottom line that can masquerade as defense. To military minds the army will never be big enough or the planes numerous enough. To corporate minds the profits never high enough.
Instead we hear repeated endlessly, that 'not enough'(social spending) needs deep cuts and 'too much'(military spending) needs big increases. Modern spin works when enough people assume that it's true simply because they heard it before. The facts aren't even an issue if you don't have a way of knowing them. Facts are becoming harder to come by in a world where spin has the big money behind it. What is fact and what is spin? People have a harder and harder time distinguishing which is which. But facts are true and remain that way even after time. People are catching on. Some will always use spin to define the military budget as 'not enough'...we can only facts to prove that is 'too much'. But we can prove it. When we have the facts that people like frida fight for us with. Scissors cut paper and facts cut spin. If you have the facts...or do only they?
What effect do these munitions in the hands of the rulers have on the disempowered who pretend to fight them?
AK-47's anyone? A little C-4? A propensity to actually fire this stuff at those even further down on the munitions food chain?
A self-perpetuating viscious circle.
Channel the outrage-- go to www.TrueMajority.org. Ben's Oreo/national budget cartoon is a great comment on U.S. military spending.
Hey, let's not forget we are also NUMBER 1 in the export of Depleted Uranium Munitions, or as they are more commonly known as: DU's.
Yes, we're such a kinder and gentler nation that we give the gift that keeps on giving... DEPLETED URANIUM.
Gosh, it makes me warm all over just thinking about it!!
We can have overpopulation with weaponry to reduce it or we can have a sustainable population with birth control, but we can't have both.
This is actually a brilliant policy. Conservatives understand Global Warming and ecological disaster far better than the retarded liberals. Liberals are hopelessly dumb and keep on trying to get me to apologize every day for being white. Braindead "progressives" believe in dumb ideas like peace and are infatuated with anti-American dictators, even when they start wars. It is the enlightened conservatives that have discovered the panacea for all the world's ills. War is the only answer. Conservatives are doing all they can to launch World War III and are striving to make sure it is as bloody as possible.
This could very well result in 75% of the world's human population getting exterminated(hopefully 90% but I'm not that optimistic). Just think: with billions of people gone, most environmental problems will be greatly ameliorated. Even global poverty will be reduced in terms of sheer numbers of poor, although the rate might be similar. Hey, gotta have a sense of humor in these times, and see a "bright side" to even this most horrible, fascist Bush administration, LOL.
Maybe it's hard to quantify, but I believe we're first in self-delusion about what a great nation we think we are, and first in self-brainwashing to keep it that way.
have always believed the Viet Nam war was a sales pitch for the F-4 Phantom jet--turned on--dropped out for a while and find we are at F-16..Seems we have not had enough wars to justify the 12 digit increase..Was I wrong or did those sneaky plane designers skip a couple of numbers???
Don't pay your taxes.
The united states was founded on war and bloodshed.It has to have a war going to continue. Most states depend on war manufactoring and army bases to survive. If there wer no more wars the united states would go "belly Up".
doo-da man,
Yep, and many of the biggest rah-rah "Were number 1!" "USA!USA!" types are at the bottom of the food chain. Identifying with the rich and powerful at one's own expense really should be the official national pastime of this country.
The right wing conservatives are absolutely right in stating we live a liberal welfare state..... but it's not the welfare state of the "welfare queens" or any people empowering programs but the huge bloated guts and jaws of the revolving military, industrial, congressional complex.
Of course we could have a government that created and spread the "pie" (wealth) around much more equably. We could be building homes, hospitals, organic farms, sustainable living, and still have moneys left over for a international peace corps that could help transform the world. But all this would be people empowering and that is dangerous to ruling and wealthy elite.
Much better to create endless fears so we surrender our rights, humanity and intelligence and silently accept the military welfare state as our only salvation. The sheep are kept quiet and captive awaiting their next shearing..... or slaughter....
Ming the mercifull has it right - the people at the bottom of the food chain, are the ones who exhibit the most outwardly, nationalistic tendancies. In Britain, we no longer produce anything of substance for the consumer, but we do a great line in arms sales. Our army relies on men and women from deprived areas for the lower ranks. We have increasing unemployment, together with stealth taxes, which hit those who can least afford them, and the fat cats pay little or nothing, because their cash is safe in offshore funds. Meanwhile, our politicians (with very few exceptions), continue to give support to the Bush administration and it's global policies. Britain cannot afford to do this, we are a bankrupt country, with a low inflation rate, based on selective data. There is a growing divide in Britain (as in the US) between the rich and poor. Unfortunately, the poor seem to be obsessed with "celebrity" lifestyle, to the extent that they have been numbed to the realities of life.
I have yet to find a 10 year period of our (U.S.) history where our federal government was not involved in killing people. It is time to expose the lie that the U.S. military is protecting the citizens of this country. Wake up! We are a country of killers. The euphemisms used to cover this truth is at the heart of the nonsense we call political discourse in America. I think of Macbeth and his unwashable hands. I also direct attention to Lincoln's second inaugural address; he is uncertain that the blood spilled during the american civil war was sufficient to satisfy divine justice for centuries of abetting human slavery. Look at this nation now, another century of moral hypocrisy. Are we ready for divine justice? This incredible arms trade is as ethically unsound as slavery. A Christian nation! A born again President! Wow do we need a shrink.
This make Falwell a small time button pusher.
Your enemy hates YOU! You better buy a gun from me!
To: MarshallAdame4Cong2008, ChairmanGOP@RNC , Dr Karen Kwiatkowski, Dr. Sidney Blumenthal, Editor_The Freelance-Star, Editor_N_Va_Daily.com, eppn@episcopalchurg.org, Mr. Bill Maher, Journalist, Mr. Eric Margolis, Journalist, Mr. George Will, Journalist", nightly@nbc.com, Prof._Thomas_J._DiLorenzo, Mr. Sam Rasoul 4 Cong. (D-VA-6th), Richardson, for President , Speaker Nancy Pelosi , sub@commondreams.org, The_Sojourners , Ms. Cynthia Tucker, Journalist; The Honorable Bob Goodlatte (R-VA-6th), The Honorable Ron Paul (R-Tx); Senators Webb, Warner, Reid & Hagel; DNC; the Bush II Régime
Subject: Tomgram: Berrigan, U.S. Takes Gold in Arms Olympics
Date: 22 May 2007
Dear Gentlepersons:
I agree with the article below, forwarded from Ms. Frida Berrigan. Too much of our pool of national talent and capital is devoted to our outsized armaments industry:
1) We are making the world a more dangerous place.
2) Our economic gains from this process do not offset those forsaken.
For example, we are not retaining our market share of high-value added peaceful consumption goods. And we are not addressing other problems, such as:
1) Excessive non-renewable energy consumption.
2) Inadequate preparation for natural disasters.
3) A perilous, and increasing, level of national debt.
4) Inadequate healthcare at home and abroad, ...
For the time being, our national course is still set by our national policy choices. If you are one of my current elected national representatives, I would like to know what your position is with regard to our being the worlds largest purveyor of, figuratively speaking, swords rather than plowshares?
For the future, I have found one candidate, Sam Rasoul , who is working to earn his place as my elected national Representative [D-VA-6th], and appreciates these concerns. Sam shares my vision that we may retain a superb defense capability, but also choose to be both safer and more prosperous, simply by turning away from arms as a national obsession and economic addiction.
With every good wish,
John R. Cole
Edinburg, VA